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Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
New Perspectives and Programs in Italy for Advanced Applications of High Brightness Beams
• Genesis of a Program for an Italian Coherent X-ray
Source : Fasella Panel & the PNR (Nat. Research Plan)
• The F.I.S.R. Call for Proposals (11 M¤): the Project
SPARC @ LNF-INFN (9.5 M¤) is selected
• The F.I.R.B. Call (96 M¤ ): the 2 Proposals SPARX
(ENEA/CNR/INFN/Tor Vergata Un.) and Fermi@Elettra (INFM/ST)
aiming at building a 1.5 nm SASE-FEL
Luca Serafini INFN-Milan and University of Milan
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
X-ray sources over the last 100 years
SASE-FELs will allow an unprecedented upgrade in Source Brilliance
Why a Coherent X-ray Source in Italy ?
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Covering from the VUV to the 1 Å X-ray spectral range
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
This Ultra-Bright Coherent Radiation opens up new Research Frontiers in several fields:
• Atomic physics• Plasma and warm dense matter• Femtosecond chemistry• Life science• Single Biological molecules and clusters• Imaging / holography• Micro and nano lithography
X-rays are the ideal probe for determining the structureof matter on the atomic and molecular scale
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Radiation properties of a “4th generation source”
3rd generation 4th generation Scientific drive towards4th generation
High flux and brightness Orders of magnitude higherthan in 3rd generation sources
Non-linear phenomena,dynamic structure
determinationShort bunches(tens of ps)
1-2 order of magnitudeshorter (sub-ps)
Pump-probeexperiments
Partially transverselycoherent
Fully transversely coherent Atomic resolutionholography,
speckle diffraction
Naturalmonochromatization
FELs
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Electron Beam Energy 13 ÷50 GeVNormalized Emittance 1.6 mm-mradPeak Current 5.0 kAEnergy spread 2.5 MeV
Wavelength 1÷5 ÅPeak Coherent Power 37 GWPeak Brightness * 8.3 1033
Average Brightness * 4.9 1025
* photons/sec/mm2/mrad2/0.1%-BW
TESLA-FELLinac - Undulator
Parameters
What does it take to build a SASE X-ray FEL?
Undulator Period 3 cmUndulator Length 100 mUndulator Parameter 1.7
100 M¤ 1 G¤Initiative
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
In 1998 Three Crucial Aspects of this Scenario drove the National Scientific Community and the
Italian Dept. of Research (M.U.R.S.T.) to undertake a concrete initiative
• Funding Requirements and Man Power Requested for such a
Program
• Strong and Wide Interdisciplinary Interest of National Res.
Institutes (ENEA, CNR, INFN, INFM)
• Existence of Two Major Proposals in the Intern. Scenario
(LCLS @ SLAC & TESLA-FEL @ DESY) strongly linked to
serious R&D effort in the High Brightness Beam Field
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
A Strong Push from Arcidosso 2000
Per vedere questa immagineoccorre QuickTime™ e un
decompressore GIF.
The 19th ICFAAdvanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources
Physics and Science withThe X-ray Free-Electron Laser
(Arcidosso, Italy, September 10-15, 2000)C. Pellegrini and M. Cornacchia
• The Italian Community gathers under the auspices of that scientific environment The real work starts to prepare a proposal (among others, A. Renieri, M. Ferrario, M. Mattioli, L. Palumbo, P. Perfetti, LS, G. D’Auria)
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
• 1998 - The Fasella Panel A panel lead by Paolo Fasella held a meeting in Sept. 1998 at the Nat. Res. Dept., focused on the realisation in Italy of a Ultra-high Brilliance X-ray Source : among others (A.Renieri, P.Perfetti, E.Iarocci, P.Laurelli, G.Vignola, G. Margaritondo) C. Rubbia and Björn Wiik , attending the meeting, strongly encouraged the preparation of a proposal to the Italian Government. Summaries of the meeting came out with serious recommendations to the Gov. to fund future initiatives in
the field
• 2000 – PNR (National Research Plan)The Italian Gov. responded by allocating 96 M¤ for aMulti-purpose X-ray Laser with Ultra-High Brilliance + 11 M¤ for R&D activity focused on SASE-FEL’s driven by High
Brightness Electron Beams
The Milestones
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
The National Research Plan (PNR)
• Funded by 10% of the money raised in the Government Auction run in 2000 for Next Gen. Cellular Network licences (UMTS), it encompasses 10 programs (Genoma, Nanotechnologies, X-ray laser, etc.) for a total of 1033 M¤ .
• Large Infrastructures (a section of PNR) were foreseen for 2 initiatives:1) Multi-purpose X-ray Laser with Ultra-High Brilliance 96 M¤
2) Center for the climate study of the Mediterranean 21 M¤ aiming at driving and/or consolidating the development of european initiatives
• The Italian Gov. responded to the recommendation by the Fasella PanelNational Research Institutions were supposed to prepare proposals:
67 M¤ will cover the 70% of the budget (hardware). The additional 30%(man power) has to be added by Institutions (or Collaboration) winning the call for proposals
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Two tools for funding the X-ray FEL Program:
FISR (fondo integrativo speciale ricerca) for R&DFIRB (fondo investimenti ricerca di base) for FEL
FISR (Fondo Integrativo Speciale Ricerca)
• Call for proposals published in February 2001
•11 M¤ allocated for R&D onInnovative components for high intensity VUV and X, coherent and incoherent multi-purpose sources
• Joint proposal by CNR-ENEA-INFN-Tor Vergata Univ.-INFM-ST for a 150 MeV ultrabrilliant photoinjector and a UV-SASE experiment
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
INFN : ultra-brilliant photoinjector at 150 MeV 4.4 M¤
• Control the beam emittance • Control the energy spread• Compress the bunch-length by a factor >5• Explore the feasibility of the RF compressor
ENEA : undulator for SASE-FEL @ 520-150 nm (green-UV) 3.2 M¤
• Investigate the mechanism of High Order Harmonics generation
CNR : Optics for X-rays manipulation 1.3 M¤
INFM : Soft X-ray Source 0.6 M¤
TASKS
The rev. committee selected the Project SPARC in December 2001with 85% allocation of the requested budget (9.5 M¤ vs. 11 M¤)
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Frequency: 2856 MHz Normal Conducting
GUN PARAMETERS LINAC PARAMETERS
Peak Field: 120-140 MV/m (15 MW) Accelerating Field: 25-30 MV/m (50 MW)
Solenoid Field: 0.3 Tesla Solenoid Field: 0.1 Tesla
Charge: 1 nC Beam Energy: 150 MeV
Laser: 10 ps x 1 mm (Flat Top)
8 m
150 MeV Photo-injector R&D proposed at LNF
3 Major Components
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
10 copies of this gun operated routinely around the world (USA, Japan):it holds the emittance record
courtesy of D. T. Palmer
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Laser System
CW, Diode-pumped Doubled Nd:YVO 5W, 532 nm
4
CW,Mode-lockedTi:sapphire oscillator100 fs pulses @ 100 MHz1 W, 10 nJ/pulse, 800 nm
Temporal Pulse Shaper
Ti:SapphireRegenerative Amplifier 2 mJ/pulse, 1 kHz 2 W @ 800 nm
Q-switched, Diode-pumped Doubled Nd:YVO 20 W @ 1 kHz 20 mJ, 200 fs
4
Pulse Stretcher
Pulse Picker
Timing Stabilization Circuit
Ti:SapphireMultipass Amplifier 10 mJ/pulse, 100 Hz 0.8 W @ 800 nm
Q-switched, Diode-pumped Doubled Nd:YVO 3 W @ 100 Hz 30 mJ, 200 fs
4
Q-switched, Diode-pumped Doubled Nd:YVO 3 W @ 100 Hz 30 mJ, 200 fs
4
Pulse Compressor
SHGTHG
To Electron Gun
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Temporal distributions of shaped UV laser pulsesTemporal distributions of shaped UV laser pulses
by a X-ray streak cameraby a X-ray streak camera
Gaussian pulse shapeGaussian pulse shape Square pulse shapeSquare pulse shape
The flatness of square-shaped laser pulse:The flatness of square-shaped laser pulse: 5~25% 5~25% @ 4~14 ps FWHM@ 4~14 ps FWHMThe fluctuation of shaped pulse length: The fluctuation of shaped pulse length: 7% (pulse-to-pulse)7% (pulse-to-pulse)@both shapes@both shapes
Achieving Uniform Bunch Distributionsusing Flat-Top Laser Pulses @ Sumitomo SHI + FESTA
Courtesy of F. Sakai
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
εn = (a'Q)2 +b'2
a' b'= εrf2 +εth
2
mm-mrad/nC mm-mrad
Gaussian(9ps) 1.85±0.13 0.83±0.05Gaussian(9ps) 1.85±0.13 0.83±0.05Square (9ps) 0.92±0.05 0.81±0.03Square (9ps) 0.92±0.05 0.81±0.03
Laser pulse length: 9ps FWHMLaser pulse length: 9ps FWHM
Emittance measurementsEmittance measurementsfor gaussian and square laser pulse shapesfor gaussian and square laser pulse shapes
The reduction of the linear space-charge emittance The reduction of the linear space-charge emittance for the square pulse shape:for the square pulse shape: ~50%.~50%.
Courtesy of F. Sakai
Achieving Record Emittances @ Sumitomo SHI + FESTA
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
0
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GunLinac
rms beam size [mm]
rms norm. emittance [um]
-0.04
-0.02
0
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0.04
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
z=0.23891
Pr
R [m]
-0.05
0
0.05
0 0.0008 0.0016 0.0024 0.0032 0.004
z=1.5
Pr
R [m]
-0.04
-0.02
0
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0.04
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z=10
pr_[rad]
R_[m]
0
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0.0015
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0.0035
0.004
-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001 0.002 0.003
z=0.23891
Rs [m]
Zs-Zb [m]
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002
0.0025
0.003
0.0035
0.004
-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001 0.002 0.003
Z=10
Rs [m]
Zs-Zb [m]
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002
0.0025
0.003
0.0035
0.004
-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001 0.002 0.003
z=1.5
Rs [m]
Zs-Zb [m]
S-band photoinjector up to 150 MeV, HOMDYN simulation
(RF Gun + 2 Traveling Wave Structures)
Q=1nC, L=10ps, R=1 mm, Epeak=140 MV/m, TW Eacc = 25 MV/m
Final emittance = 0.4 m
Matching onto the Local Emittance Max.Ferrario’s working point, adopted byLCLS and TTF-FEL II injectors
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
NEW CONCEPTS Velocity Bunching in Photoinjectors i.e.
Compression during Acceleration
• Alternative option of bunch compression high brightness sub-ps beams
(as needed by X-Ray SASE Fel’s)
• Compression is rectilinear (no Coherent Synch. Radiation effects), based on
longitudinal focusing in slow RF waves
• Performed at low energy (10-80 MeV), fully integrated into the emittance
correction process (for maximum brightness)
LS and M. Ferrario, AIP 581 (2001) 87
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
γr=27 ; βr=0.9993
0
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I [A] T [MeV]
Z [m]
Slow wave structure Standard v=c structure
Compression during acceleration
Velocity Bunching, an example on LCLS injector
Current scalingwith energy
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
SPARC Project @INFN-LNF
Collab. AmongENEA-INFN-CNR-Univ. Roma2-ST-INFM
C. Ronsivalle
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
SPARC Linac located in an existing underground Bunker@ LNF
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
A view of the complex with Shielding Ground removed
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
A view of the complex with Shielding Ground and building roof removed
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Bunker is available as of today with utilities:it needs to be cleaned up
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Linac Lay-out - Phase I
1 5 M W6 M e V
LAS
ER
C
1 5 0 M e V S P A R C IN J E C T O R
F A S E 1
2 1 2 8 C
P . S
A t t
A t t
P . S .
S L E D
K
2 1 2 8 C
P .S .A t t
K
F a s t P . S .
2 8 5 6 M H z R F I N
1 5 M W
4
m
s e c
d .c .
d .c .
d .c . d .c . d .c .5 5 M W 5 5 M W
1 2 0 M W
0 .8
m
s e c
3 d B C o u p le r
A tt
7 5 M e V 7 5 M e V
A
A
> 1 5 0 M e V
S L A C - ty p e
2
p
/ 3S L A C - ty p e
2
p
/ 3
R F g u n
2 5 0 W
2 5 0 W
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Linac Lay-out of Phase II - with RF Compressor
1 5 M W6 M e V
LAS
ER
3 d B C o u p le r
P .S
A t t
d .c .5 5 M W
7 5 M e V
S L A C -ty p e
2
p
/3
C
150 MeV S PA R C INJ E C TO R
FAS E 2
2128C
A tt
P .S .
S LE D
K
2128C
F a st P .S .d .c .
120 M W
0.8
m
s e c
A ttA
2 5 0 W
P .S .A tt
K
2 8 5 6 M H z R F IN4 5 M W
4
m
se cd .c .
d .c . d.c .5 5 M W
7 5 M e V
A
S L A C - typ e
2
p
/3
R F g un
2 5 0 W
2 5 M W
d.c .
d .c .
R F c om p re s s io n
A tt
P .S
A tt
1 5 0 /2 0 0 M e V
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
SPARC Lay-out
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
1st year 2nd year 3rd year1.1 Laser 1.2 RF Gun 1.3 Linac 1.4 Diagn.-contr. 1.5 Commiss.
design acquisition assembling test
SPARC Linac: the Time Table
We are waiting for delivery of the funding to our Institutions:released by a Techn. Committee of the Res. Department (MIUR)
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
FIRB (Fondo Investimenti Ricerca di Base)
• Call for proposals published in December 2001
• 96 M¤ allocated for the realization of an
Ultra-brilliant multi-purpose pulsed X-Rays Laser.
• SPARX proposal submitted on Feb. 26th 2002 by a collaboration among CNR-ENEA-INFN-Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”
• Fermi@Elettra proposal submitted by INFM & Sincrotrone Trieste
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
SPARX Study Group
CNRAvaldi L., Camilloni R. (I.M.I.P.-C.N.R.)Carbone C., Colonna S., Cricenti A., De Padova I.P., Lagomarsino S., Ottaviani C., Perfetti P., Prosperi T.,Quaresima C., Rossi Albertini V., Zema N. (I.S.M.-C.N.R.)Pifferi A. (I.C.-C.N.R.)
ENEAR. Bartolini, F. Ciocci, G. Dattoli, A. Doria, F. Flora, G. P. Gallerano, L. Giannessi, E. Giovenale, G. Messina, L. Mezi, P. L. Ottaviani, L.Picardi, M. Quattromini, A. Renieri e C. Ronsivalle.
INFND.Alesini, S.Bertolucci, M. E. Biagini, C.Biscari, R.Boni, M.Boscolo, M.Castellano, A.Clozza, G. Di Pirro, A.Drago, A.Esposito, M.Ferrario, V.Fusco, A.Gallo, A.Ghigo, S.Guiducci, M.Incurvati, P.Laurelli, C.Ligi, F.Marcellini, M. Migliorati, C.Milardi, L.Palumbo, L.Pellegrino, M.Preger, R.Ricci, C.Sanelli, F.Sgamma, B.Spataro, A.Stecchi, A.Stella, F.Tazzioli, C.Vaccarezza, M.Vescovi, V.Verzilov, C.Vicario, M.Zobov (INFN /LNF)E. Acerbi, F.Alessandria, D.Barni, G.Bellomo, C. Birattari, M.Bonardi, I.Boscolo, A.Bosotti, F.Broggi, S.Cialdi, C.DeMartinis, D.Giove, C.Maroli, P.Michelato, L.Monaco, C.Pagani, V.Petrillo, P.Pierini, L. Serafini, D.Sertore, G.Volpini (INFN /Milano) E. Chiadroni, G. Felici, D. Levi , M. Mastrucci, M.Mattioli, G. S. Petrarca (INFN /Roma1)
UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA “TOR VERGATA”S. Stucchi, D. Flamini, C. Schaerf, L. Catani, A Cianchi, A. Desideri, S. Morante, S. Piccirillo, N. Rosato, V. Sessa, M.L. Terranova
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
What can we do with 67 M¤ (+30% m.p.) ?Which Linac for what FEL r ?
• This is the first X-ray FEL initiative for which the Linac is not available or provided by other programs
• The study group decided to start a broad band investigation to compare different schemes and technologies
• The aim was to develop a program able to reach a wavelength range of interest (i.e. with a good scientific case), consistent with the available budget.
• As indicated by the Presidents of the collaborating Institutions, the project is meant to be evolutionary, that is compatible to a long term upgrade expected to reach the final goal of a 1 Å Coherent Radiation Source
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
0.1 1 10 1000
20
40
60
80
1 GeV2 GeV3 GeV
3.5 GeV4 GeV5 GeV
Wavelength (nm)0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
0
20
40
60
80
1 GeV2 GeV3 GeV
3.5 GeV4 GeV5 GeV
Photon energy (eV)
L. Giannessi
A good Scientific Case in the 10 nm 1 nm range:High Peak Brightness ( > 1030 ) Ultra-short (< 100 fs)radiation pulses are of great interest in various areas
Steps at 10 nm and 1.5 nm, paving the road toward 1 Å
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
E [GeV] 2.5
[%] 0.1
I [kA] 2.5
u [cm] 3
K 1.669
Gap [mm] 12
3D simulation with GENESIS
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Which technology for a 2.5 GeV Linac with long term evolution toward 1 Å ?
• 2.5 GeV is consistent with = 1.5 nm
• [nm] 1.5 1 Å
• I [kA] 2.5 3-5
• n [m] 2(1) 1
• [%] 0.1 0.07
• T [GeV] 2.5 10
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Examined two solutions:
S-band Room-Temperature
S-band Photoinector with RF CompressorRF Gun + 4 SLAC TW
SLAC TWAcc. Structures
MagneticCompressor
1 GeV700 A
150 MeV700 A
2.5 GeV2.5 kA
SLAC TWAcc. Structures
200 mEacc = 18-20 MeV/m
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
With RF compression
R56=40 mmT=1 GeVI=700 -> 2 kA
M. Ferrario
0
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[ ]Z m
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Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
L-band Super-Conducting
S-band Photoinector with RF CompressorRF Gun + 4 SLAC TW
L-band RF Gun
6 MeV50 A
150 MeV800 A
500 MeV800 A
2.5 GeV2.5 kA
3 TESLACriomodules
10 TESLACriomodules
M.C.
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
(S-band)
n=0.42m
@ I = 100 A
(L-band)n=0.8 m @ I = 50 A
0
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GunLinac
rms beam size [mm]
rms norm. emittance [um]
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
0
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L-band injector + Linac
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
5 m
3 m
4 m
8m
3 m
4 m
Ondulatore
Ondulatore
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
100 m
2.5 GeV
10 GeV
1500 m
0 m
210 m
735 m
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
Cost of a 1.5 nm source
Costs (in M¤) are expected to be restricted toLinac 34 Undulators 10 Radiation beam lines 10 Contingency 13
Linac’s Cost Estimates are:
L-band Linac (Tesla type) 40 (injector included)
S-band Linac (Slac type) 32 (injector included)
Infrastructures: 12.5 M¤ (funding request subm. to reg. gov.)
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
• The budget is consistent with the goal of 1.5 nm
• We have an innovative solution for the Linac lay-out which appears to relax the criticality of beam compression
• We have identified two possible options :
• S-band Linac is technologically simpler and less expensive
• L-band Linac with add. S-band injector requires a stronger effort and larger cost but offers more flexibility w.r.t. the evolution toward 1 Å.
Conclusions on SPARX
• The facility can be built inside the “TorVergata” Campus
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
1) Use of the existing 1.0 GeV linac with a new photoinjector and bunch compressor(s) for the production of 40 nm radiation. Commissioning of 40 nm beamline after 2.5 years. Open to Users after 3.5 years.
2) Use of the linac with increased beam quality for a second beamline at 10 nm. Commissioning of beamline after 3.5 years. Open to Users after 4.5 years.
3) Extension of the linac to an operation energy of 3.0 GeV and increased improvement of beam quality for the production of 1.5 nm radiation. Done in parallel with other developments. Commissioning after 5.5 years and open to Users after 6.5 years.
The project is articulated along three lines of development allowing gradual improvements and consolidation of technologies
FERMI@ELETTRAFERMI@ELETTRA A Linac based Ultra-bright Photon SourceA Linac based Ultra-bright Photon Source
@ 3rd gen. Light Source site@ 3rd gen. Light Source site
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
FERMI@ELETTRA LayoutFERMI@ELETTRA Layout
Experimental FEL Hall
Undulator Building
Linac Tunnel (Extension)
Linac Building (Actual)
Beamlines from ELETTRA
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
FERMI@ELETTRA Associated ParametersFERMI@ELETTRA Associated Parameters
Electron beam parameters
Wavelenth [nm] 100 40 10 1.2FEL parameter ρ 4.8 10x -3 3.2 10x -3 1.6 10x -3 1.2 10x -3
Gai n lengt h [m] 0.74 0.83 1.3 2.6Pea k pow era t saturat ion[GW] 2.3 1.8 0.75 3.0Pea k Fl ux[photons/s/0.1%bw] 2.4 10x 26 1.1 10x 26 2.4 10x 25 2.0 10x 25
Pea k Brightne *ss 9.6 10x 28 2.8 10x 29 9.4 10x 29 5.5 10x 31
Avera gePow er[ ]mW 72 56 24 77Avera geF lux[fotoni/s/0.1%bw] 7.5 10x 15 3.5 10x 15 7.4 10x 14 4.0 10x 14
Avera ge Brightnes *s 3.0 10x 18 8.9 10x 19 2.9 10x 19 1.1 10x 21
Phot on bea mdivergenc e[µrad] 80 48 19 5Phot on bea msize[µm] 100 66 40 19
Photon parameters
Undulator parameters
Brightness of ELETTRAPhoton Sources
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
FERMI@ELETTRA SeedingFERMI@ELETTRA Seeding
Various Seeding techniques are “available”High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) has been considered
Seed schemes will be used at 40 and 10 nm, permittingStabilityReproducibilityTemporal control
For 1.2 nm the development, if possible, of a seed scheme otherwise SASE
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
External laser matched to an undulator imprints energy modulationLaser intensity must be greater than shot power in first gain lengthsLeads to micro-bunching (optionally use a dispersive section to enhance
micro-bunching)Micro-bunches contain higher harmonics of laser wavelengthPass beam through radiatorThe laser must be tuneable Use Ti Sapphire Laser - 400 to 180 nm
W. Fawley
FERMI@ELETTRAFERMI@ELETTRA High Gain Harmonic Generation High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG)(HGHG)
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
FERMI@ELETTRA FERMI@ELETTRA High Gain Harmonic Generation High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG)(HGHG)
Seed laser = 200 nmPin = 30 MW
Electron BeamE = 1 GeVI = 600 A = 2 mm mrad = 0.0005
Modulator200 nm
Amplifier40 nm
HGHG FEL = 40 nmPout = 0.92GW
Dispersionsection
0.0 10
0
2.0 10
8
4.0 10
8
6.0 10
8
8.0 10
8
1.0 10
9
1.2 10
9
0 10
0
2 10
7
4 10
7
6 10
7
8 10
7
1 10
8
Seeded 40 nm radiation
TDA Simulation
Analytical Estimate (no saturation)
Saturation Estimate
Output Power [W]
Input Power [W]
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
8
10
9
0 5 10 15
Output Power [W]
Distance [m]
Seeded 40 nm radiation
L.H. Yu
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
FERMI@ELETTRA General Linac UpgradeFERMI@ELETTRA General Linac Upgrade
40 and 10 nm1) Substitution of present gun with a high brightness gun (photoinjector).2) Installation of one (or more) bunch compression units.3) Increase the repetition rate from 10 to 50 (100) Hz.4) Revision of RF plants to guarantee stability of amplitude and synchronisation.
1.2 nm5) Increased energy (NC or SC) to 3.0 GeV with operational margin (3.5 GeV)6) Additional bunch compression
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
FERMI@ELETTRA Compression Schemes - 1.0 GeVFERMI@ELETTRA Compression Schemes - 1.0 GeV
For 40 and 10 nm two possible schemes using BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 Cell photoinjector( 6 to 7 MeV, 100 A, 2 mm-mrad normalised emittance)
Scheme A1) 1.6 Cell BNL/SLAC/UCLA photoinjector2) longitudinal RF bunch compression to 250 fs/0.6 kA
Scheme B1) Use of full 150 MeV LCLS photoinjector (1.6 Cell photoinjector + Linac 0)2) Off -crest acceleration along S0A and S0B for energy chirping3) Linearisation of bunch charge using an X-band structure4) Magnetic compression at 150 MeV to 250 fs/0.6 kA
Diagnostica del fascio
e sezione di matching
Prima sezione acceleratrice
dell'attuale Linac
Ingresso
principale
al tunnel
Fotoiniettore Sezione di bunching a RF
Fori di comunicazione
con la sala klystron
1.5 m0.7 m
1.8 m
Laser,
Guide d'onda,
ecc.
0.7 m
Struttura di
correzione in 3a
armonica
5.0 m0.7 m 3.2 m
Fori di comunicazione
con la sala klystron
Diagnostica del fascio
e matching con la
prima sezione Sled
del Linac attuale
Sezioni dell'attuale preiniettore
S0A ed S0B
Ingresso
principale
al tunnel
Fotoiniettore LCLS
E=150 MeV
Sez. di
correzione
in IV arm.
8.0 m
Laser,
Guide
d'onda,
ecc.
7.5 m
Chicane magnetica
di compressione
5.0 m1.5 m
Fori di comunicazione
con la sala klystron
Fori di comunicazione
con la sala klystron
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
FERMI@ELETTRA Start to End Simulations (1.0 GeV)FERMI@ELETTRA Start to End Simulations (1.0 GeV)
Start to end simulations (M. Borland - APS)Scheme B
1) Using output from LCLS parmela run (courtesy of C. Limborg - SLAC) as input to elegant2) Start: 0.5 Million particles (1 nC in 10 ps, normalised emittance doubled to 1.5 mm mrad)3) Energy chirping and X-band used to linear distribution (minimises CSR)4) Wake fields included (courtesy of P. Emma - SLAC)5) Exact sinusoidal field dependence6) Non-linear terms in dipoles and chromatic effects7) CSR effects in all dipoles accounted for
Energy [GeV] 1.0
Energy Spread [%] < 0.04
Normalised Emittance [mm-mrad] < 1.5
Bunch Slice Length (with 0.6 kA) [fs] ~ 500
Peak Current [kA] > 0.8
Results
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
FERMI@ELETTRA Start to End Simulations (3.0 GeV)FERMI@ELETTRA Start to End Simulations (3.0 GeV)
Start to end simulations - M. Borland (APS)Scheme A1) 3.0 GeV2) Second magnetic compressor at 1.6 GeV
For 1.2 nm : same initial configuration as for 10 nm with1) Second magnetic compression between 1.0 and 1.6 GeV to reach 2.5 kA.2) Energy increase to 3.0 GeV
Normal conducting solution (36 x 3 m sections + 9 RF plants)
Superconducting solution (15 TESLA cryomodules + 5 RF plants)
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
FERMI@ELETTRA Undulator Hall Beam TransportFERMI@ELETTRA Undulator Hall Beam Transport
Chia Laguna - SardiniaJuly 1-6, 2002
ICFA Workshop on “ The Physics & Applications of High Brightness Beams ”
CONCLUSIONS
• We expect the Research Department to nominate an International Review Committee soon
• The final decision of this committee is foreseen by the end of this year
• The Design of an Italian Coherent X-ray Source should start (somewhere in Italy) in 2003 with the aim to deliver a TDR in 2004
Thanks to : C. Bocchetta, R. Boni, M. Ferrario, L. Giannessi, D. Palmer, L. Palumbo, A. Renieri, C. Ronsivalle, F. Sakai , C. Sanelli
for useful discussions and/or the material provided
Recommended