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Society for Community Organisation and Peoples Education40, Ramalinga Nagar West Extension Part II, Woraiyur, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India.
Mobile : 9443167190, E-mail : scopeagency1986@rediffmail.com
scopeagency1986@gmail.comwww.scopetrichy.com
SCOPE1
Centre for Innovations in Public
Systems (CIPS) Workshop at Karwar
“The day every one of us gets a toilet to use, I shall know that our country has reached the pinnacle of progress”
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
“Sanitation is as important as Independence”
GANDHIJI
After 65 years of Independence still over 60per cent of Indian houses do not have toilets,but have mobile phones.Sanitation is low priority for policy makers atthe top as well as end users in remotevillages.The serious impact on health, economics,human dignity and environment caused bypoor sanitation is not understood.India a signatory to MDG world proclamationis far from achieving the mid term goal ofaccess to toilets by 2015.Total Sanitation Campaign launched in 1992 isyet to provide toilets to millions in the ruralareas.Lack of awareness, technological optionsdepending on geographical features andfailure to change the mind set of the peoplehave to be overcome.
3SCOPE
Pit Latrine
Septic Tank
On-site sanitation
Centralized Underground
Sewerage System
Off-site sanitation
Sanitation Options
Sanitation – (WHO) definition :-
Collection and safe disposal of human waste in a hygienic wayso as not to endanger the health of individuals and thecommunity as a whole.
Sustainable sanitation system comprises of a toilet system forcollection, transport, treatment and use of treated humanwaste.
Sanitation must meet the needs of the user.
Toilet model must be simple to use, maintain and repair.
The success of sanitation investments cannot be measured onlyby the number of toilets built.
The focus of attention should be on outcomes, primarily the useand maintenance of those facilities and impact on health ofindividual and community.
SCOPE 9
The different models of toilets while will function well underideal conditions, will have to be constructed strictly as per thenorms.
When the norms are not observed or geographical limitationsstand in the way of efficient functioning they will become asource of potential danger to the environment.
Hence we have to look for an alternative model which willfunction under different field conditions and help us to closethe loop on sanitation in a most environmental friendlymanner.
SCOPE 10
What is ECOSAN?Ecological Sanitation is anintegrated and holistic approachto the management of humanexcreta, utilization of the richnutrients in both human urineand faeces.
It promotes sustainableagriculture.
Does not contaminate surfaceand groundwater sources.
Conserves and preserves themost critical input for human lifenamely water.
14SCOPE - TRICHY
A HOLISTIC APPROACHSanitation needs Integratedsustainable Ecosystem approach.
It involves several cycles to ensurepublic health.
Pathogens – Water – Nutrient –Energy cycle.
Human excreta & wash water arenot a waste.
They are resources which could bereused for improving agriculturalproduction and preventcontamination of theenvironment.
ECOSAN approach aims atsanitizing the products and nottransfer problems from one cycleto another.
15SCOPE - TRICHY
NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS
closing the loopbetween sanitation and agriculture
FOODFOOD
Pathogen destruction
Fit for different kinds of geographical conditions
The Ecosan toilets can be constructed in many
different situations which would not accommodate
other systems.
Rocky areas, high water table areas, water scarcity
areas and sandy areas.
All these difficult site situations can be
accommodated with a small amount of alteration to
the basic system design.
17SCOPE - TRICHY
First Ecosan Model – at Thanneerpandal
• SCOPE initiated ECOSAN model in Thanneerpandal – Trainingcentre of SCOPE to meet the problems faced by high watertable areas.
• Two-in-one model Designed by Mr.S.Paramasivan &Mr.Kalimuthu of Water Aid .
• Size of the chamber made big since it was the first pilotmodel. Two vent pipes
Users numbered afterusing the toilet.
Urine, wash watercollected in a singlepot for raising kitchengarden.
First chamber wasused 4320 times andwhen got filled upclosed after 15months.
SCOPE design - 1 Thanneerpandal
SCOPE - TRICHY 20
Two In One Model
Wash water and urine are collected together in this model
Mangalathammal is the first
woman accepted for the Ecosan
Construction at her residence in
Kaliyapalayam
Design change (2004) - 3 in 1 model
21SCOPE - TRICHY
Water, Urine and faecalmatter are collected
separately
Urine,wash water and faeces are collected separately.
Drop hole for faeces in the middle.
Urine from the urine bowl in front is collected in amud pot with holes/Jerry can.
Wash water from the wash bowl at the rear is takento the filter bed.
23SCOPE - TRICHY
Usage practices :
1. Take out the lid
2. Sitting position should be
proper so that the feacal matter
is dropped right in to the drop
hole without falling in the sides
of the drop hole
3. After defecating move one step
backward and sprinkle hand full
of ash or saw dust or lime
powder over the feacal matter
4. Close the drop hole with lid
5. Wash your body
6. Wash your hands using soap or
ash thoroughly after using the
Ecosan toilet.
26SCOPE - TRICHY
So far 500 Toilet chambers opened and removed the compost in the presence of Government Officials, PRIs, NGOs, Foreign delegates, and the compost used in kitchen gardens.
No foul smell, no flies
28SCOPE - TRICHY
Compost taken out from the Ecosan Individual toilets, used for raising their kitchen garden
29SCOPE - TRICHY
“Use toilet andget money ”
-The brain behind this concept is Ms.Shantha Sheela Nair IAS, RD,
Secretary, Tamil Nadu, and -Ms. P.Amuda, I.A.S. UNICEF , New
Delhi.
This is the first time in the world that
toilet users are being paid as against
pay and use toilets.
The urine and faeces are so richin nutrients for farm production thatthey are worth buying.
Those who use the toilets arepaid 10 paise per use to the Ecosantoilet, on a monthly basis.
33SCOPE - TRICHY
Mrs. Shanthi, a SHG leader, who constructed the first Ecosan
toilet in her house and she opened the 50th Ecosan
Individual Toilet at Kameshwaram with the support of UNICEF
and so far 350 Ecosan toilets constructed and functioning well.
ECOSAN in Tsunami hit areas ofNagai district
34SCOPE - TRICHY
Mr.G.Radha, Project Officer, DRDA,
Nagapattinam watering the plants near
the 100th toilet in Kameshwaram in
January 2007
A. Amutha, I.A.S., opened the chamber
of the first ecosan toilet at Mrs.
Shanthi’s house at Kameshwaram village
(Tsunami hit area)
35SCOPE - TRICHY
First Toilet
Beauty Contest
in India-
Kameshwaram,
July, 2007
Eligibility for participating in the contest was restricted to the first batch of the 100 Ecosan
toilet families, who are using the toilets properly, and maintain the kitchen garden watered
by the urine from the toilet well and keep the toilet and its environment neat, clean and
hygienic.36SCOPE - TRICHY
1st Prize 2nd Prize 3rd Prize
“Best Garden” Rs. 5,000/- Rs. 2,500/- Rs. 1,000/-
“Best Outside Decoration” Rs. 5,000/- Rs. 2,500/- Rs. 1,000/-
“Best Inside Decoration ” Rs. 5,000/- Rs. 2,500/- Rs. 1,000/-
Cash awards for the Beauty Contest
37SCOPE - TRICHY
Urine can be used by applying so many ways
Undiluted URINE can be applied before or at sowing.
Also it can be applied mixing with water in 1:10 ratio forgrowing plants.
Urine can be applied in one large dose or several smaller onesduring the cropping season.
Also urine can be applied in different methods like Dripirrigation, Foliar spray, and through pipes.
39SCOPE - TRICHY
• Taking advantage of the availability of urine in the Musiri ECCT, TNAU isnow studying the “potential of source separated human urine as liquidfertilizer”, in 0.25 acre plot in 2007.
• The second phase research done in 2008• The site divided into 30 plots where the crop raised under different
dosages of urine.• The crop condition monitored closely, and various parameters recorded.
Urine as a Fertilizer in the research paddy field
RESEARCH
40SCOPE - TRICHY
Utilizing human urine as
liquid organic fertilizer in
Banana
Banana Research using urine
in colloboration with
NRCB, Trichy
Supported by
SEI, UNICEF.
It is calculated that the urinegenerated in 1.5 monthsfrom rural areas may besufficient for supplementing100% of N and P2O5requirement and 25% ofK2O requirement o totalbanana cultivation in India.
Rs. 445 crore maybe savedspending for fertilizer.
The urine applicationthrough drip-fertigationirrigation system has beencompleted as per thetechnical guidelines of theNRCB.
44SCOPE - TRICHY
Banana bunch harvested by
District Collector Mr. T. Soundiah, I.A.S.,
on 30th July 200945SCOPE - TRICHY
Total NPK requirement of Banana
In India, banana is cultivated in about 5 lakh hectares, which requires about
Rs. 275 crore worth of nitrogen (250000 tons of N),
Rs. 75 crore worth of phosphorus (37500 tons of P2O5) and
Rs. 385 crore worth of potassium (500000 tons of K2O).
46SCOPE - TRICHY
Horticulture and Short term crops byusing urine and compost from Ecosan Toilets supported
by DDWS, Government of India
47SCOPE - TRICHY
SCOPE constructed more than 10 School Ecocan UDTs in
Trichy, Krishnagiri, Nagappattinam, Chengalput and
Kancheepuram Districts.
The collection of urine used in kitchen garden and farm
cultivation like tomato, brinjal, cashew nut, banana,
coconut etc.
Ecosan Urine Diversion
Toilet Complex at Schools
48SCOPE - TRICHY
Mr. Raghuvansh Singh Prasad, Honble Minister released the school toilet FRP pan.
Mr. Devaraj, Mr. Kumar AloK were the participants in the workshop held at New Delhi In 2007
49SCOPE - TRICHY
School to Village
An ECOSAN UDDT complex is functioning at ThimmavaramHigh School, in Krishnagiri District, Tamilnadu.
After using the toilet the children and the Headmasterapproached SCOPE to construct Ecosan toilet in theirindividual house holds.
Because the village is located nearby the irrigation tank, high-water table area, the other system of toilets are not workingproperly.
50SCOPE - TRICHY
So they decided to construct Ecosan toilet in their village.
100 ECOSAN UDDT toilets constructed with the support ofUNICEF and District Rural Development Agency (TSC).
40 ECOSAN UDDT constructed with sanitary napkin incinerator.
51SCOPE - TRICHY
Recent changes in Ecosan models
In this new design the urine and wash water
collection pipes are fitted above the squatting slab
level to avoid any leakage inside the compost
chamber which will lead to foul smell and O & M
is easy by using this model.
54SCOPE - TRICHY
• Transport of urine and storage of urine
needed special facilities.
• The storage capacity had to be very big and it
had to be protected from getting diluted by
evaporation.
• Hence a pilot study was undertaken by IIT,
New Delhi in Musiri for conversion of
nutrients in urine to powder form -
STRUVITE
Struvite (nutrient in urine in powder form) Extracted by IIT, New Delhi Research Scientist at Musiri reactor under
UNICEF programme Oct, 2011
Pilot scale struvite reactor developed by IIT Delhi at SCOPE Research Centre
Musiri
Urine in the beaker and struvite powder Struvite Packet
56SCOPE - Trichy
The NIRMAL GRAM PURASKAR awarded to SCOPE for its exemplary work on sanitation
for the year 2006
57SCOPE - TRICHY
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