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Anatomy and Physiology Guided Notes
The Human Body
1. Define
a. Anatomy:
b. Physiology:
2. _______________________________________ are related because knowing the structure and shape of the body and its parts allows you to understand how the body functions.
3. _____________________ anatomy has large structures and is easily observable.
4. _____________________ anatomy has very small structures and can only be viewed with a microscope.
5. Label each level:
6.
5.
2.
4.
3.
1.
6. Body Systems
a) Integumentary system
· The __________________ covering of the body, the skin
· ___________________ body
· ________________ and _____________ the deeper tissue from injury
· _____________________________________________________ located here to alert us of bodies surface
b) Skeletal System
· Consists of ____________________________________________________.
· ______________________________________ the bodies organs
· Provides framework that the ___________________ uses to cause movement
· Stores ___________________
c) Muscular System
· One function _________________________________________________________
· Maintains ______________________________________
· Produces ___________________
· Formed by ______________________________________- different from heart and other hallow organs
· What are the three different types of muscle?
d) Nervous System
· Fast acting control system
· ______________________________________
· Responds to irritants or stimuli ______________________________________
· Activates ______________________________________
e) Endocrine System
· Controls the bodies activities but more slowly then nervous system
· Secretes regulatory hormones
· ___________________
· ___________________
· ___________________
f) Cardiovascular System
· Use blood as the transporting fluid pumped by the heart
· ___________________
· ___________________
· ___________________
· ___________________
g) Lymphatic System
· Compliments the cardiovascular system
· Stores ___________________
· Involved in ___________________
· Disposes of _________________________________________________________
h) Respiratory System
· Keeps blood supplied with ___________________
· Removes _______________________________________
i) Digestive System
· A tube from the ______________________________________
· Break down food and deliver ___________________ to the ___________________
· Eliminates ______________________________________ material
j) Urinary System
· Removes the ___________________ containing waste from the _________________
· Flushes waste out with ___________________
· Balance and regulate ______________________________________of blood
· Regulation of materials like ______________________________________
k) Reproductive System
· ___________________
7. What are the Necessary Life Functions?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
8. What are the survival needs?
1)
· Chemicals for energy and cell building
· Includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals
2)
· Required for chemical reactions
3)
· 60-80% of body weight
· Provides for metabolic reaction
4)
· Stable body temperature
5)
· Atmospheric pressure must be appropriate
9. Homeostasis
· ___________________ of a stable internal environment
· A dynamic state of equilibrium
· Homeostasis must be maintained for a normal body functioning and to ___________________
10. Communication through neural and hormonal control system
· ___________________
· Responds to changes in the environment
· Sends information to control center
· ___________________
· Determines set points and analyzes information
· Determines appropriate response
· ___________________
· Provides a means for response to the stimulus
11. Homeostatic Control System
12. Homeostatic Controls
· ______________________________________
· Mechanisms are rare in the body
· Increase the original disturbance (stimulus) and push variables further from original value
· Ex: Blood Clotting at the birth of the baby
· ______________________________________
· Most of homeostatic controls
· Shut off original stimulus to reduce its intensity
· Ex: a home heating system connected to thermostat
13. Language of Anatomy
· Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding
· Exact Terms are used for:
· ___________________
· ___________________
· ___________________
· ___________________
14. Orientation and Directional Terms
· ___________________: Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body, above
· ___________________: Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body, below
· ___________________: Toward or at the backside of the body, behind
· ___________________: Toward or at the front of the body, in front of
· ___________________: Toward or at the midline of the body on the inner side
· ___________________: Away from the midline of the body on the outer side
· ___________________: Toward or at the body surface
· ___________________: Between a more medial and a more lateral structure.
· ___________________: Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
· ___________________: Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
15. Body Planes
16. Body Cavities
17. Label:
18. Body Landmarks
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