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Carbon-Neutral Energy Systems for Sustainable Mobility
NSF Engineering Research Center Proposal
Director: Dennis N. AssanisDeputy Director: Levi ThompsonAssociate Directors: Steve Skerlos, Zoran FilipiThrust Leaders: Ken Keegstra, Rachel Goldman, Huei Peng,
Kazuhiro Saitu, Greg KeoleianSite Directors: Ken Keegstra (MSU)
Wai Cheng (MIT)Shamsuddin Ilias (NC A&T)
March 8th 2007
Internal COE Briefing
The Formidable Challenge
Fuel ResourcesFuel Resources
Carbon-Neutral Strategies Needed
Climate Change
Fuel ConsumptionFuel Consumption
Energy for Transportation
Fuel-Cell ElectricHydrogen
ShiftReaction
Plug-In Hybrid ICE
Electric VehicleElectricity
Heat
Renewables(Solar, Wind, Hydro)
Nuclear
EnergyCarrier
PropulsionSystemConversion
EnergyResource
ICE Hybrid
Conventional ICE:Liquid fuel Liquid
Fuels
Petroleum FuelsOil(Conventional)
Oil(Non-Conventional) Synthetic Fuels (XTL)
SyngasCO, H2
FischerTropsch
Coal
Natural Gas
1st and 2nd Generation Biofuels
Biomass
Cri
tica
l Dep
end
ency
on
Bat
tery
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Ele
ctri
fica
tio
n
Fuel-Cell ElectricHydrogen
ShiftReaction
Plug-In Hybrid ICE
Electric VehicleElectricity
Heat
Renewables(Solar, Wind, Hydro)
Nuclear
EnergyCarrier
PropulsionSystemConversion
EnergyResource
ICE Hybrid
Conventional ICE:Liquid fuel Liquid
Fuels
Petroleum FuelsOil(Conventional)
Oil(Non-Conventional) Synthetic Fuels (XTL)
SyngasCO, H2
FischerTropsch
Coal
Natural Gas
1st and 2nd Generation Biofuels
Biomass
Cri
tica
l Dep
end
ency
on
Bat
tery
Tec
hn
olo
gy
Ele
ctri
fica
tio
n
Promising Pathways for Carbon Neutrality
CO2
BiofuelBiomass
Need for Cradle-to-Cradle Analysis
CO2
CO2
CO2CO2
CO2
CO2CO2
Hydrogen
CO2
Material Extraction, Manufacturing
Carbon-Neutral Energy Systems for Sustainable Mobility NSF Engineering Research Center Proposal
Energy-storage Materials(batteries & fuel cells)
Energy-harvesting Materials(light & heat =>electricity)
Biofuels
Powertrains
Aftertreatment
Manufacturing
& Assembly
Well to Tank
Ta
nk
to W
he
els
Well to TankLife Cycle
C
Fundamental Research, Systems Engineering and Testbeds
Energy Conversion Processes
SustainabilityAssessment
Materials Development
Clean Combustion Systems
Life CycleAssessment
EnergyHarvesters
AdvancedEngine System
Testbeds & Demonstrations:-Full vehicles & fleets-Hardware-in-the-loop-Reduced scale bench top systems
Sustainable Production
Vehicle System Integration & Management
Fu
nd
amen
tal
Insi
gh
tsT
ech
no
log
yS
olu
tio
ns
Sys
tem
R
equ
irem
ents
Tar
get
s,
Co
nst
rain
ts
Battery System
Energy HarvestingTechniques
Manufacturing Science
Plant Biology
Control
Manufacturing & Assembly Methods
Biofuel Infrastructure
Biofuels Production Cycles
Biofuel Processor
Aftertreatment System
Organizational Structure
MSU Site Director:
Prof. Ken Keegstra
Thrust 1: Fuels from the SunSun
More ReducedCarbon for Fuelsand Feedstocks
TailoredEnergyCrops
Crop SciencePlant PhysiologyMetabolic EngineeringChemical EngineeringProcess EngineeringSustainability
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Red
uct
ion
in C
o2
Eq
uiv
ale
nt
Em
iss
ion
s
Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Vehicle-Kilometer(by Feedstock and Associated Refining Technology)
Wastes (Waste oil, Harvest Residues, Sewage)
Fibers (Switchgrass,
Poplar)
Sugars (Sugar
Cane, Beet)Starches
(Corn, Wheat)
Vegetable Oils (Rapeseed,
Sunflower Seed, Soybeans)
Source: International Energy Agency
Light-emitting diodes(electricitylight)
Energy storage materials(batteries & hydrogen)
Electrochromic windows
Energy-harvesting fabrics & paints
(lightelectricity)
Fuel cells catalysts & membranes
(chemicalselectricity)
Thermoelectric materials (heatelectricity)
Thrust 2: Enabling Materials
C
Thrust 3: Propulsion Technologies• Renewable fuels for advanced
combustion engines
• Advanced hybrid and fuel cell architectures
• Electrified accessories and seamless vehicle integration
• Energy harvesting and waste heat recovery
ElectronicsACcompressor
Aircompressor
Oil pumpPower Steering Pump
ElectronicsACcompressor
Aircompressor
Oil pumpPower Regenbrake
Propulsionsystem
Simulation (VESIM)Hardware
Vehicle Speed
Driver
Driveline& Vehicle
EMCONController
Hydraulic Motor coupled with the Dynamometer
T wheel rear
T wheel front
brake
slope front
slope rear
speed
w wheel rear
w wheel front
x front
x rear
VEHICLE DYNAMICS
Rear Road
Front Road
Driving Cycle
w pump
driver demand
w shaft rear
w shaft front
braking_command
T pump
T shaft rear
T shaft front
DRIVETRAIN
vehicle speed
speed set
accel
decel
DRIVER
Load Torque
Driver command
EngineSpeed
DIESEL ENGINE_CNV
0
Constant
DriveCycle
Engine and Hydraulic Pump
Thrust 4: Production and Assembly Systems
Fuel-cell production
Ultra lightweight vehicle structure
Electric motor & generator
Supply chain and assembly systemEnd-of-life vehicles
Thrust 5: Life cycle assessment and policy
Well to Tank
Tank to W
heels
Well to Tank
• Well-to-wheel analyses• Total fuel cycle for feedstocks • Powertrain efficiency
• Full life cycle assessment• Vehicle production and disposition • Well-to-wheel analysis• Vehicle miles travelled
• Sustainability assessment• Mineral resource, land use constraints
Source: Argonne National Lab
Assessment of carbon neutral technologies and policies including energy supply and demand strategies
Education
Programs:• CoE/SNRE Dual M.S. Degree Program (Keoleian)• Hydrogen Energy Technology Concentrations (Thompson)• Sustainable Energy & Mobility Concentrations (Skerlos)• InterPro programs (AUTO, PIM, GAME, Design Science, …)• Short courses & Summer Programs
Goal: Graduate diverse students with advanced knowledge of sustainable energy science and technology, and abilities to design and develop systems to meet global needs
CConcentrations
Undergraduate / Graduate
Degree Programs
Continuing Education
Short Courses &Summer Programs
• Goal: Promote public understanding of and interest in sustainable energy science and technology, and increased participation by under-represented minorities and women
• New course on communicating transportation energy science
• Professional development courses for teachers
• Develop instructive exhibits
• Establish a diversified environment within the ERC to a level that is consistent with, or exceeds national demographic levels
• Use existing resources:
• Augment/leverage through funding from:
• REU, RETI, and RET grant opportunities
• 21st Century Jobs Fund
• UROP
• Office of Women in Engineering
• DAPCEP
• Detroit Science Center
• AA Hands On Museum
• Financial Aid Office
• MEPO
• Office of Engineering Outreach
• Focus:HOPE
Outreach & Diversity
Commercialization
• Resources:• UM Technology Transfer Office, MSU Office of Intellectual Property, MIT
Technology Licensing Office, NCA&T Office of Outreach and Technology Transfer
• Innovation Partners: Ann Arbor Spark, Ann Arbor IT Zone, MUCI, MEDC, NextEnergy, NCMS, SBAM
• Goal: Assess and commercialize viable technologies
Existing Collaboration among PI’s• Energy & Transportation:
• W. E. Lay Automotive Laboratory• Automotive Research Center• GM CRL in Engine Systems Research• DOE LTC Consortium (with MIT as
partner)• Transportation Energy Center• UMTRI
• Manufacturing• GM Dust Program• ERC/Reconfigurable Manufacturing
Systems• GM CRL Advanced Vehicle
Manufacturing• S. M. Wu Manufacturing Research
Center
• Energy & Sustainability• Center for Sustainable Systems• Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory• Michigan Memorial Phoenix Energy
Institute• MUSES Materials Use : Science,
Engineering and Society• ERB Institute• Graham Environmental Sustainability
Institute
• Additional opportunities:• The NSF funding will allow us to
leverage MSU’s biofuel expertise through the university research corridor
• Diversity and Outreach• Michigan-Louis Stokes Alliance for
Minority Participation (Michigan – MSU – Western Michigan – Wayne State University)
• Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (AGEP)
Industrial/Government Collaboration
Strength and Uniqueness of the Proposal Brings together, in a strategic way, a world-class team of
engineers and scientists to address the most critical issue presently facing humankind
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