Carbon-Neutral Energy Systems for Sustainable Mobility

NSF Engineering Research Center Proposal

Director: Dennis N. AssanisDeputy Director: Levi ThompsonAssociate Directors: Steve Skerlos, Zoran FilipiThrust Leaders: Ken Keegstra, Rachel Goldman, Huei Peng,

Kazuhiro Saitu, Greg KeoleianSite Directors: Ken Keegstra (MSU)

Wai Cheng (MIT)Shamsuddin Ilias (NC A&T)

March 8th 2007

Internal COE Briefing

The Formidable Challenge

Fuel ResourcesFuel Resources

Carbon-Neutral Strategies Needed

Climate Change

Fuel ConsumptionFuel Consumption

Energy for Transportation

Fuel-Cell ElectricHydrogen

ShiftReaction

Plug-In Hybrid ICE

Electric VehicleElectricity

Heat

Renewables(Solar, Wind, Hydro)

Nuclear

EnergyCarrier

PropulsionSystemConversion

EnergyResource

ICE Hybrid

Conventional ICE:Liquid fuel Liquid

Fuels

Petroleum FuelsOil(Conventional)

Oil(Non-Conventional) Synthetic Fuels (XTL)

SyngasCO, H2

FischerTropsch

Coal

Natural Gas

1st and 2nd Generation Biofuels

Biomass

Cri

tica

l Dep

end

ency

on

Bat

tery

Tec

hn

olo

gy

Ele

ctri

fica

tio

n

Fuel-Cell ElectricHydrogen

ShiftReaction

Plug-In Hybrid ICE

Electric VehicleElectricity

Heat

Renewables(Solar, Wind, Hydro)

Nuclear

EnergyCarrier

PropulsionSystemConversion

EnergyResource

ICE Hybrid

Conventional ICE:Liquid fuel Liquid

Fuels

Petroleum FuelsOil(Conventional)

Oil(Non-Conventional) Synthetic Fuels (XTL)

SyngasCO, H2

FischerTropsch

Coal

Natural Gas

1st and 2nd Generation Biofuels

Biomass

Cri

tica

l Dep

end

ency

on

Bat

tery

Tec

hn

olo

gy

Ele

ctri

fica

tio

n

Promising Pathways for Carbon Neutrality

CO2

BiofuelBiomass

Need for Cradle-to-Cradle Analysis

CO2

CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2CO2

Hydrogen

CO2

Material Extraction, Manufacturing

Carbon-Neutral Energy Systems for Sustainable Mobility NSF Engineering Research Center Proposal

Energy-storage Materials(batteries & fuel cells)

Energy-harvesting Materials(light & heat =>electricity)

Biofuels

Powertrains

Aftertreatment

Manufacturing

& Assembly

Well to Tank

Ta

nk

to W

he

els

Well to TankLife Cycle

C

Fundamental Research, Systems Engineering and Testbeds

Energy Conversion Processes

SustainabilityAssessment

Materials Development

Clean Combustion Systems

Life CycleAssessment

EnergyHarvesters

AdvancedEngine System

Testbeds & Demonstrations:-Full vehicles & fleets-Hardware-in-the-loop-Reduced scale bench top systems

Sustainable Production

Vehicle System Integration & Management

Fu

nd

amen

tal

Insi

gh

tsT

ech

no

log

yS

olu

tio

ns

Sys

tem

R

equ

irem

ents

Tar

get

s,

Co

nst

rain

ts

Battery System

Energy HarvestingTechniques

Manufacturing Science

Plant Biology

Control

Manufacturing & Assembly Methods

Biofuel Infrastructure

Biofuels Production Cycles

Biofuel Processor

Aftertreatment System

Organizational Structure

MSU Site Director:

Prof. Ken Keegstra

Thrust 1: Fuels from the SunSun

More ReducedCarbon for Fuelsand Feedstocks

TailoredEnergyCrops

Crop SciencePlant PhysiologyMetabolic EngineeringChemical EngineeringProcess EngineeringSustainability

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Red

uct

ion

in C

o2

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Em

iss

ion

s

Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Vehicle-Kilometer(by Feedstock and Associated Refining Technology)

Wastes (Waste oil, Harvest Residues, Sewage)

Fibers (Switchgrass,

Poplar)

Sugars (Sugar

Cane, Beet)Starches

(Corn, Wheat)

Vegetable Oils (Rapeseed,

Sunflower Seed, Soybeans)

Source: International Energy Agency

Light-emitting diodes(electricitylight)

Energy storage materials(batteries & hydrogen)

Electrochromic windows

Energy-harvesting fabrics & paints

(lightelectricity)

Fuel cells catalysts & membranes

(chemicalselectricity)

Thermoelectric materials (heatelectricity)

Thrust 2: Enabling Materials

C

Thrust 3: Propulsion Technologies• Renewable fuels for advanced

combustion engines

• Advanced hybrid and fuel cell architectures

• Electrified accessories and seamless vehicle integration

• Energy harvesting and waste heat recovery

ElectronicsACcompressor

Aircompressor

Oil pumpPower Steering Pump

ElectronicsACcompressor

Aircompressor

Oil pumpPower Regenbrake

Propulsionsystem

Simulation (VESIM)Hardware

Vehicle Speed

Driver

Driveline& Vehicle

EMCONController

Hydraulic Motor coupled with the Dynamometer

T wheel rear

T wheel front

brake

slope front

slope rear

speed

w wheel rear

w wheel front

x front

x rear

VEHICLE DYNAMICS

Rear Road

Front Road

Driving Cycle

w pump

driver demand

w shaft rear

w shaft front

braking_command

T pump

T shaft rear

T shaft front

DRIVETRAIN

vehicle speed

speed set

accel

decel

DRIVER

Load Torque

Driver command

EngineSpeed

DIESEL ENGINE_CNV

0

Constant

DriveCycle

Engine and Hydraulic Pump

Thrust 4: Production and Assembly Systems

Fuel-cell production

Ultra lightweight vehicle structure

Electric motor & generator

Supply chain and assembly systemEnd-of-life vehicles

Thrust 5: Life cycle assessment and policy

Well to Tank

Tank to W

heels

Well to Tank

• Well-to-wheel analyses• Total fuel cycle for feedstocks • Powertrain efficiency

• Full life cycle assessment• Vehicle production and disposition • Well-to-wheel analysis• Vehicle miles travelled

• Sustainability assessment• Mineral resource, land use constraints

Source: Argonne National Lab

Assessment of carbon neutral technologies and policies including energy supply and demand strategies

Education

Programs:• CoE/SNRE Dual M.S. Degree Program (Keoleian)• Hydrogen Energy Technology Concentrations (Thompson)• Sustainable Energy & Mobility Concentrations (Skerlos)• InterPro programs (AUTO, PIM, GAME, Design Science, …)• Short courses & Summer Programs

Goal: Graduate diverse students with advanced knowledge of sustainable energy science and technology, and abilities to design and develop systems to meet global needs

CConcentrations

Undergraduate / Graduate

Degree Programs

Continuing Education

Short Courses &Summer Programs

• Goal: Promote public understanding of and interest in sustainable energy science and technology, and increased participation by under-represented minorities and women

• New course on communicating transportation energy science

• Professional development courses for teachers

• Develop instructive exhibits

• Establish a diversified environment within the ERC to a level that is consistent with, or exceeds national demographic levels

• Use existing resources:

• Augment/leverage through funding from:

• REU, RETI, and RET grant opportunities

• 21st Century Jobs Fund

• UROP

• Office of Women in Engineering

• DAPCEP

• Detroit Science Center

• AA Hands On Museum

• Financial Aid Office

• MEPO

• Office of Engineering Outreach

• Focus:HOPE

Outreach & Diversity

Commercialization

• Resources:• UM Technology Transfer Office, MSU Office of Intellectual Property, MIT

Technology Licensing Office, NCA&T Office of Outreach and Technology Transfer

• Innovation Partners: Ann Arbor Spark, Ann Arbor IT Zone, MUCI, MEDC, NextEnergy, NCMS, SBAM

• Goal: Assess and commercialize viable technologies

Existing Collaboration among PI’s• Energy & Transportation:

• W. E. Lay Automotive Laboratory• Automotive Research Center• GM CRL in Engine Systems Research• DOE LTC Consortium (with MIT as

partner)• Transportation Energy Center• UMTRI

• Manufacturing• GM Dust Program• ERC/Reconfigurable Manufacturing

Systems• GM CRL Advanced Vehicle

Manufacturing• S. M. Wu Manufacturing Research

Center

• Energy & Sustainability• Center for Sustainable Systems• Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory• Michigan Memorial Phoenix Energy

Institute• MUSES Materials Use : Science,

Engineering and Society• ERB Institute• Graham Environmental Sustainability

Institute

• Additional opportunities:• The NSF funding will allow us to

leverage MSU’s biofuel expertise through the university research corridor

• Diversity and Outreach• Michigan-Louis Stokes Alliance for

Minority Participation (Michigan – MSU – Western Michigan – Wayne State University)

• Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (AGEP)

Industrial/Government Collaboration

Strength and Uniqueness of the Proposal Brings together, in a strategic way, a world-class team of

engineers and scientists to address the most critical issue presently facing humankind