Building Energy Code Modeling and Its application Cases from China, India, and the United States Sha...

Building Energy Code Modeling and Its applicationCases from China, India, and the United States

Sha Yu, Mereydd Evans, and Bing Liu

Buildings under UNFCCC Flexible Mechanisms WorkshopMarch 14 2011

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Topics

Outcome-Based Codes and Energy BenchmarkingChina Building Energy Codes ModelingAdvanced Energy Guides for Existing Buildings

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Outcome-based codes and energy benchmarking

India’s Energy Conservation Building Code Ultimate energy performance v. building design and constructionOutcome-based codes: energy usage of the building

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Traditional Building Energy Codes

Verification of building designInspection of actual constructionCompliance stagesIncentives and penaltiesThird-party inspectors

Traditional code enforcement does not consider:Process loads and plug loadsEven with modeled loads, theoretical and actual performance can differ substantially.

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Energy Benchmarking

Compare a particular building to similar set of buildings to establish a benchmark and then scoring the particular building’s actual energy performance against the benchmarkUse simulated performance of the building as the benchmarkESCOs and performance contractorsControl companies and utilities

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Verification process

Periodic audits at set moment post-occupancyComparison of energy consumption to benchmark could trigger penaltiesComparing a benchmark that could trigger an audit

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China Building Energy Codes Modeling

Investigate the “long-term” effect of China’s building codes/standards on its energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, considering

• Socioeconomic development (income, urbanization, etc.)• Expansion of building floorspace and energy services• Building retirement and code compliance• Regional heterogeneity in building code • Regional heterogeneity in the effect of climate change

Energy Service Demands

Commercial Building

Floorspace

ChinaPopulation

GDP

Urban population

GDP

Rural population

GDP

Urban Building

Floorspace

RuralBuilding

Floorspace

HeatingCoolingWH&C

LightingAppliance

HeatingCoolingWH&C

LightingAppliance

HeatingCoolingWH&C

LightingEquipment

FurnaceBoiler

Heat pumpDistrict heat

ACCooker

Water heaterIncandescentFluorescentSolidstate

LampAppliancesEquipment

CoalGasOil

HeatElectricityBiomass

Trad. biomass

End-Use Technologies

UrbanizationFloorspaceExpansion

Delivered Fuels

SocioeconomicAssumption

The Detailed Model for China Building Energy Use

The Twelve Building Sectors

9 ProvincesBeijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu

9 ProvincesShanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan

6 Provinces & 2 countriesFujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan Cambodia, Vietnam

6 Provinces & 2 countriesInner Mongolia, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Mongolia, DPRK

Methodological Framework

Building Stock Model: U & FSRBuilding Stock

Model: U & FSR

Heating/Cooling Degree Days by

Sub-Region

Heating/Cooling Degree Days by

Sub-Region

GCAM Detailed Building ModelGCAM Detailed Building Model

Urbanization assumptions for each sub-region

Urbanization assumptions for each sub-region

GCAM assumptions about population/ income for China+

GCAM assumptions about population/ income for China+

Historical info.: ConstructionBuilding typesCodes/standardsU valueFSR valueCompliance

Historical info.: ConstructionBuilding typesCodes/standardsU valueFSR valueCompliance

Policy Compliance

Policy Compliance

Base-year building energy consumption by fuel and service

Base-year building energy consumption by fuel and service

ResultsResults

Income path for urban/rural for each

sub-region

Income path for urban/rural for each

sub-region

Advanced Energy Guides for Existing Buildings

Core ElementsGeneral guidancePackages of energy efficiency improvements at three levelsPackages relative to the Commercial Reference BuildingsTechniques to ensure energy savings achievedCase studies

Building Energy Analysis

Economic Analysis

Commissioning, Operations, Maintenance, and Verification

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Contacts

Sha Yu301-314-6736sha.yu@pnl.gov

Meredydd Evans301-314-6739m.evans@pnl.gov

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THANK YOU!

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