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Building Energy Code Modeling and Its applicationCases from China, India, and the United States
Sha Yu, Mereydd Evans, and Bing Liu
Buildings under UNFCCC Flexible Mechanisms WorkshopMarch 14 2011
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Topics
Outcome-Based Codes and Energy BenchmarkingChina Building Energy Codes ModelingAdvanced Energy Guides for Existing Buildings
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Outcome-based codes and energy benchmarking
India’s Energy Conservation Building Code Ultimate energy performance v. building design and constructionOutcome-based codes: energy usage of the building
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Traditional Building Energy Codes
Verification of building designInspection of actual constructionCompliance stagesIncentives and penaltiesThird-party inspectors
Traditional code enforcement does not consider:Process loads and plug loadsEven with modeled loads, theoretical and actual performance can differ substantially.
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Energy Benchmarking
Compare a particular building to similar set of buildings to establish a benchmark and then scoring the particular building’s actual energy performance against the benchmarkUse simulated performance of the building as the benchmarkESCOs and performance contractorsControl companies and utilities
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Verification process
Periodic audits at set moment post-occupancyComparison of energy consumption to benchmark could trigger penaltiesComparing a benchmark that could trigger an audit
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China Building Energy Codes Modeling
Investigate the “long-term” effect of China’s building codes/standards on its energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, considering
• Socioeconomic development (income, urbanization, etc.)• Expansion of building floorspace and energy services• Building retirement and code compliance• Regional heterogeneity in building code • Regional heterogeneity in the effect of climate change
Energy Service Demands
Commercial Building
Floorspace
ChinaPopulation
GDP
Urban population
GDP
Rural population
GDP
Urban Building
Floorspace
RuralBuilding
Floorspace
HeatingCoolingWH&C
LightingAppliance
HeatingCoolingWH&C
LightingAppliance
HeatingCoolingWH&C
LightingEquipment
FurnaceBoiler
Heat pumpDistrict heat
ACCooker
Water heaterIncandescentFluorescentSolidstate
LampAppliancesEquipment
CoalGasOil
HeatElectricityBiomass
Trad. biomass
End-Use Technologies
UrbanizationFloorspaceExpansion
Delivered Fuels
SocioeconomicAssumption
The Detailed Model for China Building Energy Use
The Twelve Building Sectors
9 ProvincesBeijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu
9 ProvincesShanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan
6 Provinces & 2 countriesFujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan Cambodia, Vietnam
6 Provinces & 2 countriesInner Mongolia, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Mongolia, DPRK
Methodological Framework
Building Stock Model: U & FSRBuilding Stock
Model: U & FSR
Heating/Cooling Degree Days by
Sub-Region
Heating/Cooling Degree Days by
Sub-Region
GCAM Detailed Building ModelGCAM Detailed Building Model
Urbanization assumptions for each sub-region
Urbanization assumptions for each sub-region
GCAM assumptions about population/ income for China+
GCAM assumptions about population/ income for China+
Historical info.: ConstructionBuilding typesCodes/standardsU valueFSR valueCompliance
Historical info.: ConstructionBuilding typesCodes/standardsU valueFSR valueCompliance
Policy Compliance
Policy Compliance
Base-year building energy consumption by fuel and service
Base-year building energy consumption by fuel and service
ResultsResults
Income path for urban/rural for each
sub-region
Income path for urban/rural for each
sub-region
Advanced Energy Guides for Existing Buildings
Core ElementsGeneral guidancePackages of energy efficiency improvements at three levelsPackages relative to the Commercial Reference BuildingsTechniques to ensure energy savings achievedCase studies
Building Energy Analysis
Economic Analysis
Commissioning, Operations, Maintenance, and Verification
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THANK YOU!
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