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Human Anatomy, Larry M.Frolich, Ph.D.
Specialized Connective Tissues
Bone
Cartilage
Blood
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Functions of Bone
Maintain body shape
Protect internal organs, brain, spinal cord
System of levers for the muscle system to actupon
Mineral storageCa2+ and Phosphorus
Blood formation: hematopoiesis
Surface features for muscle insertions and
origins
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Bone Structure
There are two main categories of bone :
Compact bone (cortical bone)
Spongy bone (trabecular bone, cancellousbone)
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Two Kinds of Bone
Compact Bone
Spongy Bone
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Cells of Bone Tissue
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Compact Bone
Compact bone is arranged in units called
osteons or Haversian systems.
Osteons (Haversian canal) contain blood
vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves
Surrounding this canal are concentric rings of
osteocytes along with the calcified matrix
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Compact Bone
Compact bone is arranged in units called
osteons or Haversian systems.
Osteons (Haversian canal) contain blood
vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves
Surrounding this canal are concentric rings of
osteocytes along with the calcified matrix
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Bone-Connective
Tree ring-like
appearance
Supports & protects
Mineral storage
Fat storage Blood cell production
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Bone Tissue
Figure 4.12j
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Bone Matrix
35% collagenorganic
Some chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid and
polysaccharides
65% calcium phosphate minerals
hydroxyapetite
Combination provides strength and rigidity
Laid down by osteoblasts
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Periosteumwhere you find pain receptors and more vessels
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Spongy (Trabecular) Bone
Does not contain osteons.
It consists oftrabeculae surrounding many
red marrow filled spaces.
It forms most of the structure of short, flat,
and irregular bones
Also found in epiphyses of long bones
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Spongy Bone
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Two Kinds of
Ossification
Intramembranous Ossification
Endochondral Ossification
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Centers of Ossification
Centers of Ossification
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Endochondral Ossification Developing bones are deposited as a hyaline
cartilage model
Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue.
All bones of the body except:
All roofing bones of the Skull
Mandible Clavicle
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Endochondral Ossification
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Endochondral Ossification
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Cartilage
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic
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Functions of cartilage
Rigid, yet more flexible than bone
Support and protection
Abundant in the fetus and embryo Site of skeletal growth
Covers joints
Supports nose, ears, trachea, ribs, etc
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Cartilage
Jelly-like matrix (chondroitin sulfate)
Has NO blood vessels or nerves
Surrounded by a membrane called theperichondrium.
Chondrocytes occur within spaces in the
matrix called lacunae.
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Hyaline Cartilage
Most abundant type of cartilage in body
Supports while providing flexibility
Absorbs compression between bones in joints(articular cartilage)
Holds open respiratory passages
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Hyaline Cartilage
Figure 4.12g
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Supportive Connective Tissue Hyaline Cartilage
400X
chondrocytes in lacuna
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Elastic Cartilage
Figure 4.12h
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Fibrocartilage
Figure 4.12i
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