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BEST 2014BEST 2011BEST 2014
Special survey & key figure topic 2014
Tickets and ticket inspections
Kjetil Vrenne, BEST Project manager
BEST 2014
Previous special topics
• 2008: Use of PT information channels• 2009: How to finance PT service improvements• 2010: Transfers• 2011: Walking distance vs. frequency• 2012: Comfort vs. travel time• 2013: Ticket media & use of PT information channels• 2014: Tickets & ticket inspections, and use of ticket
media
BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 2
BEST 2014
Content1. Key figures: Reported fare evasion rates2. How common is it to be fined by the PTA for
not paying?3. Perception of the ticketing system (ease of
use)4. Perception of the PTA’s effort to reduce fare
evasion5. Perception of how the inspections are
conducted6. Citizens attitude towards fare evasion7. Preliminary findings
BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 3
BEST 2014
Key figures: Fare evasion rates 2013 • Share of passengers
inspected is around 1 % on average (from 0,87% - 1,5 %)
• Reported fare evasion rates is around 3 to 4 %
BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 4
Share of passengers inspected
Mode Copen-hagen Helsinki Geneva Oslo Stock-
holmTotal 0,87 % 1,22 % 0,90 % 1,5 %Bus 0,24 % 0,27 % 0,85 % 0,55 % Metro 1,75 % n.a. 1,54 % Tram 1,05 % 0,85 % 0,90 % Train* 8,32 % 1,67 % 8,00 % Boat 1,95 % 100,00 %
Share without a valid ticket
Mode Copen-hagen Helsinki Geneva Oslo Stock-
holmBus 3,5 % 0,5 % 2,9 % 7,1 %
Metro 2,9 % n.a. 3,0 %
Tram 2,9 % 2,9 % 5,2 %
Train* 0,9 % 4,0 % n.a. n.a
Boat 1,4 % 0,0 %
Average 2,7 % 3,1 % 4,4 % 3,0 %Comments: *Train includes Movias train and not DSB
BEST 2014
How does share of inspected passengers affect fare evasion?
BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 5
BEST 2014
Around 20% of the population has been fined by their PTA (except Bergen and Stockholm)
BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 6
Bergen Copenhagen Geneva Helsinki Oslo Stockholm0%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
2%
25% 26%17% 19%
5%
73%
74% 65% 78% 72%
80%
25%
2% 8% 5% 8% 15%
Have you ever had to pay a fine because you didn’t have a valid ticket?
Yes NoNever experienced ticket inspection
BEST 2014
Ticketing systems not perceived as user friendly – Helsinki is “best in class”
BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 7
Bergen Copenhagen Geneva Helsinki Oslo Stockholm0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
51%44% 43%
71%
55%
29%
Ticketing system - easy to use
BEST 2014
A reduction in fare evasion not perceived as top-priority in Stockholm
BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 8
Bergen Copenhagen Geneva Helsinki Oslo Stockholm0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
72%67%
74%68%
73%
51%
PTA actively working to reduce fare evasion
BEST 2014
Almost one of four in Copenhagen thinks it is socially acceptable to travel without a ticket
BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 9
Bergen Copenhagen Geneva Helsinki Oslo Stockholm0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
11%
22%
13%9%
17%12%
Socially acceptable to travel without a valid ticket
BEST 2014
How ticket inspections are conducted is perceived quite well – except in Stockholm
BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 10
Bergen Copenhagen Geneva Helsinki Oslo Stockholm0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
67%71%
77% 75%
64%
35%
Ticket inspections performed efficient/professional
BEST 2014
People in Oslo and Stockholm seems more likely to travel without a valid ticket
BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 11
Attitudes towards fare evasion Bergen Copen-
hagen Geneva Helsinki Oslo Stock-holm
I have no trouble traveling without a valid ticket
1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 2 % 1 %
I occasionally travel without a valid ticket, but I try to avoid it
4 % 3 % 9 % 5 % 8 % 15 %
I will always, if possible, travel with a valid ticket 26 % 28 % 28 % 26 % 42 % 41 %
I will never travel without a valid ticket 68 % 69 % 61 % 68 % 48 % 43 %
Total 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
BEST 2014
Attitudes towards travelling without a ticket correlates strongly with social acceptance and how ticket inspections are performed
BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 12
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
40%
60%
51%
42%
34%
67%
45%50%
16%
68%
47%
64%
9%
67%
55%
71%
I have no trouble traveling without a ticketI occasionally travel without a ticket, but try to avoid itI will always, if possible, travel with a valid ticketI will never travel without a valid ticket
Shar
e th
at a
gree
s pa
rtly
or
fully
BEST 2014
Preliminary summary1. Reported fare evasion rates around 3 to 4 %, but
attitudes towards the ticketing system, fare evasion and ticket inspections differs between cities
2. Around 5 to 15 % of citizens might have a tendency to travel without a valid ticket
3. Up to 25 % of the population in some cities have paid a fine
4. Ticketing systems are not perceived as user-friendly, except in Helsinki
5. It’s more socially acceptable to travel without a valid ticket in Oslo and especially Copenhagen
6. Ticket inspections are performed in a way citizens are quite satisfied with (taking into account that it is an inspection), except in Stockholm
BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 13
BEST 2014BEST 2011BEST 2014
Appendix: Questionnaire
BEST 2014
Tickets & ticket inspections
Questions added in the surveyWhat kind of ticket did you use last time you travelled with public transport?• Single ticket• Multiple ride ticket • 24-hours / 7-days passes• 30-days or 365 day passes (season cards)• I did not have a valid ticket • Other type of ticket Which of the following statements best fit for you?• I have no trouble traveling without a valid ticket, and will
continue to do so in the future• I occasionally travel without a valid ticket, but I try to
avoid it• I will always, if possible, travel with a valid ticket• I will never travel without a valid ticket To which degree to you agree with the following statements• It is socially acceptable to travel without a valid ticket• PTA is actively working to reduce the number of non–
paying passengers
• PTA ticketing system is easy to use (read- ticket, check the expiration date, check balance, determine the number of zones, rules when changing lines etc)
• Ticket controls are performed in an efficient and professional manner
In which public transport mode did you last experience a ticket inspection? • Bus/trolleybus• Tramway• Train/RER• Boat• I have never experienced a ticket inspection
Have you ever had to pay a fine because you didn’t have a valid ticket? • Yes• No
BEST Special topic 2014 - fare evasion Page 15
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