Bb task force public safety 10 15-2012

Minnesota Public Safety Broadband and FirstNet Brief

Prepared for:Governor’s Task Force on Broadband

October 16, 2012Presenter: Brandon Abley, DPS-ECN

2

Agenda

1. Public Safety Broadband/LTE Basics2. FirstNet and a New National Model3. Minnesota’s Broadband Study4. Making a Business Case5. Unresolved Issues6. Next Steps for Minnesota

3

Introduction to LTE Technology

• Next generation cellular standard• All Internet Protocol (IP) based• OFDM (DL) and SC-FDMA (UL) Air

Interface• Flat architecture with more capable

eNodeB’s• Use of Multi Inputs Multi Output

(MIMO) antennas• Tens of megabits throughput and sub

50 mS latency

• 10 band classes (incl. Band Class 14 for PS) and in seven bandwidths

• Global adoption by dozens of commercial carriers including all major US carriers

44

• PSBL Block 5+5 MHz• D-Block 5+5 MHz• Total 10 MHz in each

direction• Estimated 3X more

spectral efficiency than 3G• Varies based on antenna

configuration– 2x2 MIMO– 4x4 MIMO

• Highly variable based on signal to noise ratio

LTE PerformanceCategory LTE Performance

Bandwidth 10 MHzPeak Downlink Data Rate Theoretical peak: 86 Mbps

Peak Uplink Data Rate Theoretical peak: 36 MbpsEstimated Avg DL Throughput 16 MbpsEst. Cell-Edge DL Throughput 0.5 Mbps

Est. Avg UL Throughput 9 MbpsEst. Cell-Edge UL Throughput 0.3 Mbps

VoIP Capacity 200 Users per sector

5

LTE Coverage Not Equal to LMR

Coverage and Operations

• LMR link budget is better than LTE at broadband speeds– 4G requires far more sites to match

coverage– However, LTE could scale to non-

broadband speeds

• Significantly less cost per eNodeB than per LRM

• More sites may increase operations budget versus LMR

• Huge eNodeB backhaul requirements to Core

6

Architecture

• RAN– Radio access network– Sites

• EPC– Core network– Servers, gateways,

switching, management• Applications

– 3rd-party/neutral transport– Network-native

7

What is a RAN?

Radio Access Network

• UE (“User Equipment”)– These are user devices!– Cell phones, modems, etc.

• eNodeB – These are sites!– They connect directly to the

core network without intermediate controllers

– LTE has a flat architecture and only IP connections

8

What is an EPC?

Evolved Packet Core

• Distributed Architecture• Not all traffic has to go through every network node• Well-defined interfaces (intended for) vendor interoperability• Some interfaces left open to vendor interpretation (by design)!

9

Why do we care?

• Innovative new services through new applications• Make applications decisions independently of network decisions• Maximum communications interoperability; one network, one

frequency; all systems can be interconnected• Enhanced situational awareness• NG9-1-1 traffic delivery to responders• Reduced long-term costs

– Global standard shared by public and private (economy of scale)– Can offset existing costs spent on commercial services– Expanded public-private partnership capabilities

• Better spectral efficiency (We are in a spectrum crunch!)

FirstNet and a New National Model

11

FirstNet

2012 Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act

• 700 MHz D Block to reallocated to public safety• First Responder Network Authority (new entity within NTIA) will hold

public safety broadband license and be responsible for NATIONAL network deployment and operation– FirstNet board of directors will include federal, state, and local representatives

(NTIA must appoint state/local members by August 20, 2012)

• Up to $7.3 billion in funding for network from future FCC incentive auctions (NTIA can borrow $2 billion up front)

• States can “opt-out” and deploy state networks (subject to FCC approval)

Source: FCC Regulatory Update March 8 2012

12

FirstNet

Source: FCC Regulatory Update March 8 2012

AMultiple Licensee

s

BAT&T(most of

US)

CAT&T(most of

US)

DAT&T

(acquired from

Qualcomm)

EMultiple Licensee

s

AMultiple Licensee

s

BAT&T(most of

US)

CAT&T(most of

US)

CVerizon

746 768 798 806769 775757 776758 799787

698 704 710 716 722 728 734 740 746

Ch 52 Ch 53 Ch 54 Ch 55 Ch 56 Ch 57 Ch 58 Ch 59

Ch 60 Ch 61 Ch 62 Ch 63 Ch 64 Ch 65 Ch 66 Ch 67 Ch 68 Ch 69

PSBB PSNB CVerizon

PSBB PSNB

805788

A Block Guard Band (Access Spectrum,

Pegasus, etc.)

B Block Guard Band (Vacant)

DTV

800 MHz

Upper 700 MHz Band

FirstNet License

13

FirstNet

Transition

• FCC to transition public safety broadband spectrum to FirstNet • FCC Technical Advisory Board for First Responder Interoperability

– Develop technical requirements for broadband interoperability– Board recommendations submitted to FCC for review– FCC approves Interoperability Board recommendations and

transmits them to FirstNet for adoption• Timing:

– March 23 -- FCC appoints Interoperability Board members– May 22 -- Board must submit recommendations to FCC– June 21 -- FCC must transmit recommendations to FirstNet

Source: FCC Regulatory Update March 8 2012

14

FirstNet

FirstNet Duties and Obligations

• Determine uses/access to network• Develop RFPs • Promote competition in the equipment market• Receive payment for use of FirstNet’s spectrum/infrastructure• Consult with States on State & Local Planning• Leverage existing commercial or other infrastructure (e.g, ARMER)• Develop/sponsor national standards and requirements• Represent Public Safety before standards bodies

Source: Alcatel-Lucent, “FirstNet: Implementation Timeline & Requirements”, March 2012

15

FirstNet

FirstNet Duties and Obligations (More) • Creating the over-arching strategic framework for the public safety

network• Ensuring nationwide standards for use and access to the network based

on commercial standards• Working to deliver economies of scale for public safety• Maximizing opportunities for long-term cost savings and improved

functionality• Integrating federal first responders and public-safety-related uses to

maximize the efficiency of the new network• Formulating a fee collection system that reflects market reality and

ensures FirstNet self-sustainabilitySource:http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/firstnet_prospectus_-_final.pdf

Creation ofFirstNet

State & LocalImplementation Grant

FirstNetRFPs

NTIA/Governors

StateOpt-Out

FirstNet Deploys

FCCInterop Board

Some information from: Alcatel-Lucent, “FirstNet: Implementation Timeline & Requirements”, March 2012

Timeline

30 Days (March 23)

6 Months(August 20)

?? (No deadline)

?? + 90 Days)

?? + 180 Days)

Minnesota/SRB planning activities

Minnesota Public Safety Broadband!

17

FirstNet

What is “Opt-Out”?

• State opts to do its own RAN build-out• The state’s network is still part of the national network• The state still pays access fees to FirstNet spectrum• The state may be required to still pay fees for national core

infrastructure, or may be barred from buying its own core with Federal funds

• The state is not excluded from national funding if it opts out• Opt-out plans subject to regulatory approval and must

demonstrate a compelling economic case• Opting out means states can pursue novel/innovative partnerships

18

FindingsCore Functions:

With FirstNet model, these “core” services are not owned by any state/local government.

Minnesota Broadband Study

20

Findings

Section 1: User Needs Assessment

Data collected through:

• Face-to-face interviews (hundreds of man-hours’ worth)

• Online survey (175 respondents)

• Included use cases, equipment/applications needed, and a tabletop exercise

21

Findings

Survey Responses by Organization:

City Government

County Government

Hospital

NGO

State Government

Tribal Government

Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Number of Respondents

22

Findings

Survey Responses by Profession:

Tran

sporta

tion

Communications

Public W

orks

Firefi

ghting

Inform

ation an

d Planning

Mass Care

Resource

Support

Health

, Med

ical, a

nd EMS

Searc

h and Resc

ue

Hazard

ous Mate

rials

Food an

d Wate

r

Energ

y

Military

Support

Public Inform

ation

Volunteers

and Donati

ons

Law En

forcemen

t

Animal

Servi

ces

Public Se

rvice

Educati

on/Schools

Sanita

tion & Se

werOther

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Resp

onse

s

23

Findings

Devices:

Other (please specify)

None

Vehicular Modem (single radio)

Mobile Router (modem + Wi-Fi)

Rugged PC or Tablet

USB Modem Card

Express Card

Expansion Slot or USB Modem

Embedded Cards (within laptop)

Rugged Smartphone or PDA

Smartphone or PDA

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

6%

15%

18%

13%

41%

25%

10%

33%

21%

9%

54%

What device(s) do you currently use on the existing wireless network(s)?

Devices:

24

Findings

Devices:

SCAD

A fo

r Fac

ilitie

s

Softwar

e & O

pera

ting S

yste

m U

pdat

es

Biom

etric

s: Pa

tient

or Pe

rsonn

el

AVL o

r Tele

met

ry Se

rvic

es (v

ehic

les, p

erso

nnel,

offen

ders)

GIS-b

ased

Disp

atch

Dat

a

Map

ping

or G

eosp

atial

Data

High R

esol

ution

Vide

o (TV

quali

ty)

Low Re

solu

tion V

ideo

(Web

quali

ty)

Web

brow

sing

Email

Datab

ase L

ooku

ps: D

river

licen

se, fi

nger

prin

t ret

rieva

l, etc

Incid

ent R

epor

ting

Voice

: Pus

h-to

-Talk

Voice

: Ful

l Dup

lex

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Current 2015 Current (2015 responders)

Applications:

25

Findings

Service Area:

• Existing carrier coverage is not ubiquitous, many rural areas without service– 85% of respondent reported coverage problems

• Expectations:– Priority must be to provide 95% mobile coverage on County-by-

County basis– In-building coverage to be a growing requirement– Must have quicker coverage augmentation solutions available

for emergencies; COWs, COLTs, Satellite, etc.

26

FindingsIncident Modeling:

0 15 30 45 60 75 90105

120135

150165

180195

210225

2400

20

40

60

80

100

120

Law Enforcement Incident Command SWATFire EMS

INCIDENT TIMELINE (minutes)

Num

ber o

f Firs

t Res

pond

ers b

y Ag

ency

27

Findings

PEAK Uplink PEAK Downlink Average Uplink Up % Average Downlink Downlink %

Strike Team Subtotal: 2856 kbps 492 kbps 2667 kbps 62% 303 kbps 4.0%

Unified Command Subtotal: 1106 kbps 10009 kbps 427 kbps 10% 6524 kbps 86%

Staging Area Subtotal: 1044 kbps 609 kbps 947 kbps 22% 513 kbps 7%

Perimeter Subtotal: 257 kbps 256 kbps 257 kbps 6% 256 kbps 3.4%

INCIDENT TOTALS: 5263 kbps 11366 kbps 4298 kbps 7596 kbps

Stats:

• Peak Traffic: 11,366 DL / 7596 UL kbps• Or, approximately one completely maxed out 10x10 MHz LTE sector

• Uses multicast/broadcast for traffic efficiency• Does not include mission-critical push-to-talk• At the time, showed we did not have enough spectrum

for an incident. We do now with the D Block.

28

Findings

Other Notes:

Study document includes separate figures for urban, rural, present, future scenarios

Scenario Average Uplink (kbps)

Average Downlink

(kbps)

Percentage Video

(UL/DL)

Present / Urban

623 3,849 26%/60%

Present & Future Rural

197 2,509 41%/61%

Future / Urban

4,298 7,596 74%/77%

Speed Comparisons:Dial-up: 56 kbpsProject 25: 9.6 kbps

(per-channel)DSL: 1,500 / 256 kbps

(down/up)Cable Modem: 3,000 / 756 kbps

(down/up)

29

Findings

Network Requirements

• A statement of basic technical requirements that would form the basis of an RFP specification

• Includes detail on coverage, throughput, features, security, etc.

30

Findings

Coverage Requirement:

Coverage Requirement Area Description UL Rate DL Rate

95% In-Building Metropolitan areas 256 kbps 933 kbps

95% Outdoor Handheld Suburban counties 256 kbps 1437 kbps

95% Mobile Statewide County-by-County 256 kbps 1437 kbps

Speed Comparisons:Dial-up: 56 kbpsProject 25: 9.6 kbpsDSL: 1500 / 256 kbpsModem: 3000 / 756 kbps

Scenario Av UL Av DL % Video

Present Urban 623 3,849 26%/60%

Rural 197 2,509 41%/61%

Future / Urban 4,298 7,596 74%/77%

31

Findings

Section 3: Carrier Assessment• No pre-emptive priority• No ARMER-level coverage (no commercial benefit)• Availability approx. 99.5%• Not public safety-grade on carrier spectrum• May have option for using public safety spectrum on carrier

network (hosted core/leased backhaul)

793

A B C

Media

Flo

D

Media

Flo

E A B C

Guard

AD

- BL

OC

KD

Pu

blic S

afetyB

roa

db

and

Pu

blic S

afetyN

arro

wb

and

Guard

B

D - B

LO

CK

D

Pu

blic S

afetyB

roa

db

and

805

Gua

rd

Pu

blic S

afetyN

arro

wb

and

Guard

B

Guard

A

788776 787775768

Gua

rd

763758 769798

799757746740734728722698 704 710 716

C C

LTE Band 17LTE Band 17 LTE Band 13 LTE Band 13LTE Band 14 LTE Band 14

LTE Band 12LTE Band 12

32

Findings

Section 4: Implementation ModelModel Description Advantages DisadvantagesPrivate Service

Completely Private Solution (could be DBOM by 3rd party)

State controls requirements and priorities (public safety grade, pre-emption)

Highest capital cost

Public / Private Partnership

Leverages assets of commercial carriers

Reduced capital costs, balanced requirements versus capital

Unknown operating costs, potentially unmet requirements

Commercial Service

Commercial carrier DBOM system

No capital costs High risk of unmet requirements

33

FindingsPreliminary Network Designs:“ARMER PLUS”

Region ARMER Sites

New Sites Total % New

Central 63 20 83 24%

Metro 70 36 106 34%

Northeast 97 35 132 27%

Northwest 59 18 77 23%

South Central 20 3 23 13%

Southeast 39 18 57 32%

Southwest 32 11 43 26%

Total 380 141 521 27%

521 sites to meet all requirements

34

Findings

35

FindingsActual Throughput

• Actual LTE throughput at each site can be as high as 8500 kbps with 5x5 MHz; double that with 10x10 MHz

• Various factors degrade actual throughput, so statewide requirement is actually a fraction of peak performance

• Sectors are unlikely to perform at peak performance most of the time for technical reasons (adaptive modulation, intra-system interference, others)

36

FindingsNote: Throughput rateswith 5x5 MHz Channels

(i.e. without D Block)

37

FindingsPreliminary Network Designs:“ARMER” 380-site Transitional Design

ARMER Only – Broadband Speed• Avoids 141 tower builds• 94% statewide mobile coverage (lt.

green)• 28 counties < 95%, E.G.,:

– Cook: 78%– Winona: 82%– Lake of Woods: 86%– Lake: 82%

ARMER Only – Dial-up Speed• LTE can scale down to lower rates in the

yellow areas• > 95% statewide coverage• 4 counties < 95%:

– Cook: 92%– Winona: 93%– Lake of Woods: 91%– Lake: 94%

38

Findings

39

Findings

Section 5: Funding Models• Three models covered• To range the gamut from fully state-owned (like

ARMER; “opt-out” scenario) to carrier-ownedModel DescriptionState Public Model The State builds, owns, operates, and maintains the network.

This is analogous to land-mobile radio deployment in the past, such as ARMER.

Vendor-Financed Model A vendor fills in financial shortfall for building and operating the network by making commercial usage available to the network.

Commercial Carrier Model An existing carrier augments it network to meet public safety needs.

40

Findings0

10,0

00

20,0

00

30,0

00

40,0

00

50,0

00

60,0

00

70,0

00

80,0

00

90,0

00

100,

000

110,

000

120,

000

130,

000

140,

000

150,

000 $-

$10.00

$20.00

$30.00

$40.00

$50.00

$60.00

$70.00

$80.00

$90.00

$100.00

Implementation Cost per Subscriber

ARMER+

Amort. & ARMER+

ARMER

Amort. & ARMER

Number of Subscribers (Users)

Cost

per

Use

r per

Mon

th

41

Phase 2

Phase 2 Broadband Study “Plan the Plan”

• To develop a process for:– Compiling the data needed by FirstNet to design in MN– Compiling the data needed by stakeholders to join NPSBN

• To Identify gaps in – Governance– Statewide planning– Sustainability– Support needed by FirstNet

• To create a basic Minnesota public safety broadband plan template to empower stakeholders to make “the big decision”

Making a Business Case

43

Making a Business Case

An LTE Network is Useless!

• A network, by itself, does absolutely nothing• The value of the network is determined by:

– The services it provides– The services that users can provide for themselves– The ability for the network to deliver those services– Potential for consolidation and cost center mitigation

• The national model provides us with a means for basic connectivity, but as of yet, there is no real business case

• To make a decision and to interact with FirstNet, the state needs a business case for the network

44

Making a Business Case

Potential Assets in Minnesota:

• Commercial service offsets (cellphones, network, internet access) • Private partners

– Users: Utilities, rural communities, general government ($$ generation)– Providers: Telcos, cellular companies, ISPs ($$ savings)

• Hosted applications (CAD, CPE, logging, LMR, productivity)• Incumbent private public safety communications systems• Incumbent government (agencies, funds, technical staff, leadership)• Pre-existing infrastructure (ARMER, locally-owned fiber)

To make a business case, we should focus on offsetting existing costs first, then exploring new and added value.

45

Making a Business Case

Public Safety is Local

• The role of state and Federal government in public safety is somewhat limited– All incidents are local incidents– Some incidents are state or Federal incidents– E.g., ARMER: <25% of system users are state or Federal responders

• We cannot justify a network of this size without comprehensive support from local government

• Minnesota’s—and the nation’s—business case must be palatable for local government to ensure participation

46

Making a Business Case

How Much Will it Cost?

• Estimates vary; if we extract estimates for Minnesota to all 50 states we can expect:– CAPEX: Over $16 Billion– OPEX: Over $795 Million

• FirstNet bill provides up $7.3 Billion; most likely won’t cover even HALF of CAPEX

• FirstNet bill provides no OPEX, but gives FirstNet the authority to collect fees to support operational expenses

• Unlikely that government at all levels will generate new revenues at these levels; better to focus on cost savings and efficiencies

Unresolved Issues

48

FirstNetState Planning Funding• State grant funding guidelines required to advance the planning strategy• State assets analysis during the planning phase (tower, fiber, data centers, POPs)

FirstNet Network Deployment• What is the role of states and local jurisdictions in developing the implementation

strategy?• How will the network deployment strategy be prioritized?• What FirstNet service level agreements are to be proposed and are the network

coverage objectives?• How will the cost of service be determined?• Who are the authorized public safety users?• Is FirstNet pursuing national or regional partnerships for revenue sharing?• What is the schedule to auction spectrum to fund the build out?• What is the balance of the FirstNet proposal compared to an Opt-Out strategy?

Next Steps

50

Next StepsSRB/SCIP Broadband Action Items:

1. Establish a statewide body under the Statewide Radio Board to sanction public safety interoperable data planning activities

2. Develop a full assessment of assets to contribute to the network

3. Develop a Minnesota Public Safety Broadband Plan

4. Develop applications and data interoperability standards

5. Investigate potential formal partnerships

6. Continue to foster interoperability planning on a regional basis

7. Monitor, and participate when appropriate, in larger planning and standards-setting

51

Next StepsProgress Snapshot, October 2012:

• Goal 1: SRB has established interoperable data committee, representing varied public safety and private interests.

• Goals 2 and 3: Project to establish framework for public safety broadband plan underway. A core component of this plan is a detailed inventory of assets to assist local governments in making a business case.

• Goal 4: Minnesota participation in national efforts to set nationwide baseline requirements for the NPSBN through professional organizations (NPSTC, etc)

• Goal 5: Private partners to be included as stakeholders in the state broadband plan

• Goal 6: Minnesota work through RECCWG; region-wide joint filings with NTIA/FCC on public safety broadband issues

• Goal 7: Minnesota representation in workgroups through NPSTC, APCO, etc.

52

Questions?

Brandon AbleyMN DPS-ECN

brandon.abley@state.mn.us651 201 7554