AT3.1 John Hope Building

John Hope Gateway Royal Botanical Gardens, Edinburgh

Architectural Technology 3.1

Sam Hayes 33241624 Aaron Morris 33250666 Yuen Chak Ngai 33242502 Daniel Whelan 33245349 Brad McArdle 33255523 Jan Harmens 33254426 Christopher Pepper 33250999 Stewart Craven 33259578

Building: John Hope Gateway. Client: Royal Botanical Gardens.

Location: Edinburgh, Scotland. Architect: Edward Cullinan Architects.

Contractor: Xircon. Completion: 2009.

Value: £10,700,000.

The John Hope Gateway is home to Edinburgh’s botanical gardens.

Building was designed by Edward Cullinan Architects and was completed in 2009. The building is situated to the north of Edinburgh

city centre. The building beautifully fits into its surrounding environment making for a stunning link between nature and

architecture.

A sustainable, low-energy, minimum-waste approach to the building's design became part of the message the Garden wished to convey to its

visitors. The Gateway has many demonstrable environmental solutions, including a biomass boiler, a green roof, rainwater

harvesting, a wind turbine, natural ventilation and passive night-time cooling.

KLH by the nature of its product, is a specialist in sustainable construction. The cross laminated timber is produced from spruce and fir trees. They do not release co2 in production and can be recycled and reused to make other forms of timber panels. Much of the by-product is used to manufacture our own biomass pellets which generate heat / power in the KLH factory, with the excess being sold to local CHP plants.

Using KLH timber panels do not just create environmental benefits, but it can also save the cost of the building. -Lighter structure, more economic design of the substructure and foundations (less concrete)

- Reduction on the the thickness of the transfer slab(less concrete) - Prelims can be reduced due to the shortened construction programme

- Programming can be enhanced. E.g. pre-ordering windows, will be delivered to site. K

Cross-laminated timber (KLH) is produced from spruce strips that are stacked crosswise on top of each other and glued to each other. Depending on the purpose and static requirement, the plates are available in 3, 5, 7 or more board layers

Compared to conventional timber construction products, cross-laminated timber offers entirely new possibilities when it comes to load transfer. Not only can loads be transferred in one direction but on all sides.

The crossways arrangement of the longitudinal and crosswise lamellas reduces the swelling and shrinkage in the board plane to an insignificant minimum - static strength and shape retention increase considerably.

The KLH Massivholz GmbH factories in Austria, cutting and beaming of KLH solid cross laminated timber boards takes place using state-of- the-art CNC technology.

Because of the cross-lamination timber , the KLH panels are stronger than conventional wood products.

The CO2 is absorbed by the trees, and the carbon is stored and oxygen been released. With 1m³ of KLH panels will have approx 240-250kg of "locked-in" carbon. The John Hope Gateway Biodiversity Centre has used 674m³ of KLH timber, which has locked 161760-168500kg of carbon.

Ground floor plan

Single height columns

Ground floor plan

Double height columns

Ground floor plan

Load bearing masonry

First floor plan

Double storey columns

First floor plan

Load bearing masonry

Longitudinal section A-A

Cross section B-B

1. Concrete pad foundations 2. Concrete/Dolomite Floor 3. Cold rolled mild steel columns 4. First floor KLH beams 5. Diagonal roof bracing

Longitudinal section

Cross section

Steel base plate - The steel base plate is set into the concrete pad

- Hessian sacks allow for tolerances needed when the column is introduced later on

Shuttering - Ply shuttering is put up around the base plate so the next layers of concrete do not come in contact with steel

Floor construction -The floor is built up around the shuttering -The column is not put in place until the top layer of concrete has dried through

Column connection -The main column slots over the base plate - The hessian sacks under the base plate allow for slight movement of the column

Grout - Grout is applied around the base plate to create a solid connection

Concrete back fill - The remaining gap is backfilled with concrete once the column is in the correct position

1. Inner supports 2. Main column 3. Top column connection 4. Base connection 5. First floor connection 6. Flitch plate

-The inner supports prevent the column from warping - There are a total of 4 cross sections - The gap in the middle is for the later first floor connection plate

- The outer L plates are welded onto the inner supports - These will be done to a high tolerance to ensure that when they arrive on site they can be put in place quickly

-The top connection plate welds into the column

-The bottom connection is welded onto the column

-The first floor connection plate should just slot through the column and be welded to the existing structure

-The flitch plate slots though the top welded connection -This is again welded to the existing column

Pad foundation -The pad foundation is cast with the connection plate inside it - Any required movement in the base plate is accommodated by the hessian sacks

Shuttering - Ply shuttering is put up around the base plate so the next layers of concrete do not come in contact with steel

Dolomite layer -Dolomite is the first layer to be poured on site - 200mm thick

Blinding layer -A thin blinding layer is cast to seal the lower levels

Concrete layer - A concrete base is poured for the main floor structure - 150mm thick

DPM -The damp proof membrane is laid over the concrete

Insulation -Rigid insulation is placed over the DPM layer - 100mm thick

Final concrete layer -The top layer of concrete is polished to make it aesthetically pleasing - 100mm thick

Main column -The main columns are now introduced on site once the floor build up is complete - These columns can be slightly altered due to hessian sacks in the foundations

Concrete backfill -Once the column has been welded in place, concrete is poured to secure the column

First floor beams - Paired 210mm x 815mm gluelam beams are lifted between the columns - There are two different sizes in columns

First floor beams - Steel bolts are then put through both beams and the central connection plate - Total of 18 bolts hold both beams in place

KLH floor panels - The KLH floor panels are now lifted and dropped in place individually - Each panel is 2m x 6m - 226mm thick

KLH floor panels - The KLH floor panels are now lifted and dropped in place individually -Each panel is 2m x 6m - 226mm thick

Top flitch plate - Now that the first floor is in, the top flitch plate can be prepped to receive the roof beams

Roof beams - Each beam is exactly the same as tapers from 1035mm to 500mm - A slot is cut from the larger end to receive the flitch plate

Roof beams - M24 bolts go through the beams and the connection plate to secure the beams in place - There are 24 bolts in total holding each beam

Connection plates - Each connection plate, connects four different beams together

Connection plates - The arrangement of the bolts helps visitors understand the structure; a circular arrangement indicates a rotational force or movement while a vertical arrangement indicates a vertical force or shear.

KLH roof panels - The roof panels are also made of KLH panels - 2m x 6m - 226mm thick

Load Paths: A Live Load in the Office Space. The Occupier

Gravity Exerts a Vertical Load on the First Floor

Gravity Exerts a Vertical Load on the First Floor Where the Seven Laminations of 42mm Thick KLH Panels form a stable platform

Gravity Exerts a Vertical Load on the First Floor Where the Seven Laminations of 42mm Thick KLH Panels form a stable platform And Distributes the Load Evenly Across the Panels

Gravity Exerts a Vertical Load on the First Floor Where the Seven Laminations of 42mm Thick KLH Panels form a stable platform And Distributes the Load Evenly Across the Panels To 855mm Thick Beams

Gravity Exerts a Vertical Load on the First Floor Where the Seven Laminations of 42mm Thick KLH Panels form a stable platform And Distributes the Load Evenly Across the Panels To 855mm Thick Beams Which Connect to and Transfer the Load to Columns Laid on a 6m by 8m Grid Li

Gravity Exerts a Vertical Load on the First Floor Where the Seven Laminations of 42mm Thick KLH Panels form a stable platform And Distributes the Load Evenly Across the Panels To 855mm Thick Beams Which Connect to and Transfer the Load to Columns Laid on a 6m by 8m Grid And then Delivers the Load to a Composite Pad and Raft Foundation

Gravity Exerts a Vertical Load on the First Floor Where the Seven Laminations of 42mm Thick KLH Panels form a stable platform And Distributes the Load Evenly Across the Panels To 855mm Thick Beams Which Connect to and Transfer the Load to Columns Laid on a 6m by 8m Grid And then Delivers the Load to a Composite Pad and Raft Foundation Where the Ground Resists With an Equal and Opposite Force

Load Paths: A Dead Load on the Roof. The Skylight

The Mass of the Skylight Exerts a Force

The Mass of the Skylight Exerts a Force Onto the Diagonal Grid Roof Beams,

The Mass of the Skylight Exerts a Force Onto the Diagonal Grid Roof Beams Which Transfer the Load onto the Flitch Plate of the Columns

The Mass of the Skylight Exerts a Force Onto the Diagonal Grid Roof Beams Which Transfer the Load onto the Flitch Plate of the Columns And Turns the Horizontal force into a Vertical Force

The Mass of the Skylight Exerts a Force Onto the Diagonal Grid Roof Beams Which Transfers the Load onto the Flitch Plate of the Columns And Turns the Horizontal force into a Vertical Force That Then Travels Down the Columns

The Mass of the Skylight Exerts a Force Onto the Diagonal Grid Roof Beams Which Transfer the Load onto the Flitch Plate of the Columns And Turns the Horizontal force into a Vertical Force That Then Travels Down the Columns And Into the Pad and Raft Composite Foundation D

The Mass of the Skylight Exerts a Force Onto the Diagonal Grid Roof Beams Which Transfer the Load onto the Flitch Plate of the Columns And Turns the Horizontal force into a Vertical Force That Then Travels Down the Columns And Into the Pad and Raft Composite Foundation Where the Ground Exerts an Equal and Opposite Force D

Basement floor -In-situ concrete is cast for the basement floor - 250mm thick

Basement walls -In-situ concrete walls are cast using plyboard shuttering - 250mm thick

Basement ceiling construction - Acroprops are put in place the support the shuttering for the ceiling poor

Concrete roof shuttering - Plyboard is layered to create the shuttering

Basement roof - 250mm thick pre-cast concrete slabs

Site backfill - Once the basement concrete panels have been positioned , the basement excavation is backfilled

Pad foundations - As a result of good load bearing underlying strata, pad foundations were the most suitable choice of main foundation - The pad foundations are positioned on a 6m x 8m grid which is shared by the primary structural system -There are two sizes of pad foundations. The larger 1500mm x 1500mm x 800mm pads support the primary structural steel columns whereas the smaller 1200mm x 1200mm x 800mm pads support the wooden cladding facade and atrium area

Alternative foundations -Raft foundations were used in areas of load bearing capacity such as the entrance and structural cores - Strip foundations were used for elongated load bearing retaining walls at the rear of the building

Shuttering - The foundation perimeter is encased with ply board shuttering

Dolomite/hardcore layer -A 200mm thick compacted dolomite is poured around the plyboard shuttering

Blinding/screed layer - A 6mm blinding layer is poured to fill and cracks and gaps within the dolomite to prevent water causing a freeze thaw effect which ultimately prevents cracking within the dolomite and concrete foundations

Concrete - A concrete layer is poured over reinforced steel re-bar which together act as a composite layer to help distribute uneven loads - The concrete is 150mm thick and completes the structural foundations

DPC - The damp proof course is laid over the entire length of the concrete for waterproofing purposes

Insulation - 100mm thick Kingspan rockwool insulation is laid

Under floor heating - Polybutylene piping is laid out over the insulation in isolation zones to allow different areas of the building to be heated individually

Polished concrete -A 100mm thick layer of concrete with marble veneer finish to complete the finished floor level of 600mm

Remove shuttering - Now that the floor build up is complete the shuttering can be removed

Single storey columns - 12 columns are welded into position, attached to the pad foundations . The steel work will start in one corner and progress across site to add strength during the construction sequence

Entrance columns - Full height cold rolled mild steel including flitch plates are erected in the atrium area due to full height uninterrupted nature

Load bearing masonry - Along steel work a group of brick layers

will start laying load bearing masonry

First floor beams - First floor beams are introduced while steel beams are still being erected to provide lateral strength during the build process to withstand wind loading

Continuation of columns and beams - Steel and load bearing masonry progress

Continuation of columns, beams and advanced brickwork

Continuation of columns and beams - Steel and load bearing masonry progress

Completion of columns and beams - Steel and load bearing masonry progress

Advanced ramp brickwork and pond concrete - The load bearings areas are completed with cavity and window and door openings - Wet tradesman will then start laying the in-situ concrete retaining walls for the water feature

KLH floor panels - 2m x 6m KLH panels are added to provide horizontal support during construction

Diagonal roof bracing - The diaconal roof bracing is erected in a similar fashion to the columns by building from a corner and progressing across the building

Continuation of diagonal roof bracing - Diagonal roof bracing progress

KLH roof panels -Each KLH panel has seven laminate layers totalling 226mm thick and are 2m x 6m - The KLH panels span a total of 100m x 50m

Entrance columns - Atrium glazing framework connected to steel base plates which connect to concrete raft foundations

Lower cladding - Lower cladding is constructed of 3000mm x 250mm x 50mm stained Scots Pine

Intermediate cladding -Intermediate cladding is constructed of 3000mm x 250mm x 50mm dark stained Scots Pine -- Complete with internal window glazing and 1100mm tall vertical louvre system

Final cladding -Final cladding is constructed of 3000mm x 250mm x 50mm stained Scots Pine and forms the structural basis of the roof parapett

Zinc roof -Zinc flashing completes the wooden cladding by providing a waterproof layer for the parapett roof - A zinc roof is added to toilets complete with aluminium grey water storage sistern

Insulation - 100mm thick rigid insulation

Concrete tray - A corrugated 12mm thick 100mm riveted concrete in-filled tray is constructed

Sedum bedding tray - Several containment trays are formed as part of the Sedum roof

Soil - Compacted aerated soil is filled to accommodate Sedum layer

Pebbles - A layer of medium to fine course pebbles surround the soil filled containment rays to provide increased drainage

Soffit - A finishing layer of wood encases and

waterproofs the roof build up

ETFE roof skylights -Steel framework, timber batons, plastic window frames, glazing and ETFE skylight roofing are added along with remaining windows to weather proof the building

Glazing - By starting the construction in January the building was weatherproof by the start of next winter, allowing for internal walls and first fix progression while construction is not viable due to weather

Sedum roof - The Sedum roof is used as a dual purpose facility, it is a lightweight, cheap and efficient insulation layer. It also collects a larger volume of water for the grey water system

1) Pad foundations and columns

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking 23) Pressed metal insulated panel

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking 23) Pressed metal insulated panel 24) Glass

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking 23) Pressed metal insulated panel 24) Glass 25) Pressed metal insulation pad

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking 23) Pressed metal insulated panel 24) Glass 25) Pressed metal insulation pad 26) RWP

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking 23) Pressed metal insulated panel 24) Glass 25) Pressed metal insulation pad 26) RWP 27) Stone block

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking 23) Pressed metal insulated panel 24) Glass 25) Pressed metal insulation pad 26) RWP 27) Stone block 28) Dressed coping stone

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking 23) Pressed metal insulated panel 24) Glass 25) Pressed metal insulation pad 26) RWP 27) Stone block 28) Dressed coping stone 29) Supports to roof

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking 23) Pressed metal insulated panel 24) Glass 25) Pressed metal insulation pad 26) RWP 27) Stone block 28) Dressed coping stone 29) Supports to roof 30) Cross laminated timber panel

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking 23) Pressed metal insulated panel 24) Glass 25) Pressed metal insulation pad 26) RWP 27) Stone block 28) Dressed coping stone 29) Supports to roof 30) Cross laminated timber panel 31) Sedum roof

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking 23) Pressed metal insulated panel 24) Glass 25) Pressed metal insulation pad 26) RWP 27) Stone block 28) Dressed coping stone 29) Supports to roof 30) Cross laminated timber panel 31) Sedum roof 32) Timber cap

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking 23) Pressed metal insulated panel 24) Glass 25) Pressed metal insulation pad 26) RWP 27) Stone block 28) Dressed coping stone 29) Supports to roof 30) Cross laminated timber panel 31) Sedum roof 32) Timber cap 33) Sedum roof build up

1) Pad foundations and columns 2) Insulation bracket 3) Below slab insulation 4) Ground loadbearing slab 5) Slip membrane 6) Concrete topping 7) Insulation RWP 8) In situ concrete 9) Insulation 10) Breather membrane 11) Engineering blocks 12) Stone wall 13) Floor beams 14) Cross laminated timber panel 15) Single poly membrane 16) Beam 17) Beam fixing 18) Beam 19) Under floor heating 20) Raised timber floor 21) Column 22) Timber decking 23) Pressed metal insulated panel 24) Glass 25) Pressed metal insulation pad 26) RWP 27) Stone block 28) Dressed coping stone 29) Supports to roof 30) Cross laminated timber panel 31) Sedum roof 32) Timber cap 33) Sedum roof build up 34) Outer flooring

1) Concrete base

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier 23) Insulation and laminated timber panel

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier 23) Insulation and laminated timber panel 24) Vertical timber stud

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier 23) Insulation and laminated timber panel 24) Vertical timber stud 25) Lower rail on cleats

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier 23) Insulation and laminated timber panel 24) Vertical timber stud 25) Lower rail on cleats 26) Slotted cleat

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier 23) Insulation and laminated timber panel 24) Vertical timber stud 25) Lower rail on cleats 26) Slotted cleat 27) Cross laminated timber floorboard

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier 23) Insulation and laminated timber panel 24) Vertical timber stud 25) Lower rail on cleats 26) Slotted cleat 27) Cross laminated timber floorboard 28) Angles to fix vertical panel to horizontal

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier 23) Insulation and laminated timber panel 24) Vertical timber stud 25) Lower rail on cleats 26) Slotted cleat 27) Cross laminated timber floorboard 28) Angles to fix vertical panel to horizontal 29) Insulation

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier 23) Insulation and laminated timber panel 24) Vertical timber stud 25) Lower rail on cleats 26) Slotted cleat 27) Cross laminated timber floorboard 28) Angles to fix vertical panel to horizontal 29) Insulation 30) Sedum roof

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier 23) Insulation and laminated timber panel 24) Vertical timber stud 25) Lower rail on cleats 26) Slotted cleat 27) Cross laminated timber floorboard 28) Angles to fix vertical panel to horizontal 29) Insulation 30) Sedum roof 31) Vertical timber stud

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier 23) Insulation and laminated timber panel 24) Vertical timber stud 25) Lower rail on cleats 26) Slotted cleat 27) Cross laminated timber floorboard 28) Angles to fix vertical panel to horizontal 29) Insulation 30) Sedum roof 31) Vertical timber stud 32) Timber cap

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier 23) Insulation and laminated timber panel 24) Vertical timber stud 25) Lower rail on cleats 26) Slotted cleat 27) Cross laminated timber floorboard 28) Angles to fix vertical panel to horizontal 29) Insulation 30) Sedum roof 31) Vertical timber stud 32) Timber cap 33) Sawn larch cladding

1) Concrete base 2) Pad foundations 3) Load bearing slab 4) Engineer blocks 5) Foundation casing 6) Waterproof membrane 7) Concrete slab 8) Slot drain 9) Insulation 10) Façade fixtures 11) Breather membrane 12) Laminated timber panel 13) Horizontal timber element 14) Laminated timber panel 15) Cross laminated timber floor 16) Slotted MS cleat 17) Insulation 18) Laminated timber panel 19) Vertical timber stud 20) Cavity 21) Vertical sawn larch cladding 22) 2x plasterboard and vapour barrier 23) Insulation and laminated timber panel 24) Vertical timber stud 25) Lower rail on cleats 26) Slotted cleat 27) Cross laminated timber floorboard 28) Angles to fix vertical panel to horizontal 29) Insulation 30) Sedum roof 31) Vertical timber stud 32) Timber cap 33) Sawn larch cladding 34) Window fixture

1) Concrete base

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window 6) Cross laminated timber panels

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window 6) Cross laminated timber panels 7) Laminated timber panel

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window 6) Cross laminated timber panels 7) Laminated timber panel 8) Insulation

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window 6) Cross laminated timber panels 7) Laminated timber panel 8) Insulation 9) Laminated timber panel

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window 6) Cross laminated timber panels 7) Laminated timber panel 8) Insulation 9) Laminated timber panel 10) Sedum tray

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window 6) Cross laminated timber panels 7) Laminated timber panel 8) Insulation 9) Laminated timber panel 10) Sedum tray 11) Automatic opening vent columns

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window 6) Cross laminated timber panels 7) Laminated timber panel 8) Insulation 9) Laminated timber panel 10) Sedum tray 11) Automatic opening vent columns 12) Insulation

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window 6) Cross laminated timber panels 7) Laminated timber panel 8) Insulation 9) Laminated timber panel 10) Sedum tray 11) Automatic opening vent columns 12) Insulation 13) Pressed aluminium gutter with down pipes

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window 6) Cross laminated timber panels 7) Laminated timber panel 8) Insulation 9) Laminated timber panel 10) Sedum tray 11) Automatic opening vent columns 12) Insulation 13) Pressed aluminium gutter with down pipes 14) Automatic opening vents

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window 6) Cross laminated timber panels 7) Laminated timber panel 8) Insulation 9) Laminated timber panel 10) Sedum tray 11) Automatic opening vent columns 12) Insulation 13) Pressed aluminium gutter with down pipes 14) Automatic opening vents 15) Window 4m span 120x200

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window 6) Cross laminated timber panels 7) Laminated timber panel 8) Insulation 9) Laminated timber panel 10) Sedum tray 11) Automatic opening vent columns 12) Insulation 13) Pressed aluminium gutter with down pipes 14) Automatic opening vents 15) Window 4m span 120x200 16) Pressed all internal cover by ETFE contractor

1) Concrete base 2) Pebble marble surface 3) Cold rolled mild steel column 4) Marble veneered concrete 5) Chanel framed single glazed window 6) Cross laminated timber panels 7) Laminated timber panel 8) Insulation 9) Laminated timber panel 10) Sedum tray 11) Automatic opening vent columns 12) Insulation 13) Pressed aluminium gutter with down pipes 14) Automatic opening vents 15) Window 4m span 120x200 16) Pressed all internal cover by ETFE contractor 17) ETFE pillow fixture

Ground Floor Plan

Ground Floor Plan Fire Exits Doors in the fire cores are held open on electro-magnetic devices -these devices had not yet been activated when we visited. Sliding doors in the entrance and back of the building are fall safe automatic doors with a ‘break-out’ facility.

Ground Floor Plan Other Exits

Ground Floor Plan Capacity of Each Space

Ground Floor Plan Fire Cores

Ground Floor Plan Fire Travel Distances The maximum travelling distance should be 42.5meters as the building is public visitors centre

Ground Floor Plan Area Outside Fire Travel Distances The space outside the fire travel distance was allowed as a timber downstand beam was put within the ceiling which will form a smoke reservoir. Therefore occupants can escape via a smoke free reservoir.

Ground Floor Plan Exits to Assembly Points

Ground Floor Plan Assembly Points

Ground Floor Plan Fire Zone 1

Ground Floor Plan 60 min Protected Zone

Ground Floor Plan 60 min Protected Walls and Doors

Ground Floor Plan 30 min Protected Walls and Doors

Ground Floor Plan Access For Emergency Services

Ground Floor Plan Emergency Services Turning Circles These must be a minimum of 14m in diameter.

Ground Floor Plan Smoke Detectors and Sprinklers

First Floor Plan

First Floor Plan Fire Exits

First Floor Plan Other Exits

First Floor Plan Capacity of Each Space

First Floor Plan Fire Cores

First Floor Plan Fire Travel Distances

First Floor Plan Fire Zone 1

First Floor Plan 60 min Protected Zone

First Floor Plan 60 min Protected Walls and Doors

First Floor Plan 30 min Protected Walls and Doors

First Floor Plan Smoke Detectors and Sprinklers

First Floor Plan Hazardous Zone The kitchen

Spring: Autumn:

Summer: Winter:

> 480 460 - 480 440 - 460 420 - 440 400 - 420 380 - 400 380 - 380 340 - 360 < 340

> 640 600 - 640 560 - 600 520 - 560 480 - 520 440 - 480 400 - 440 360 - 400 < 360

> 170 160 - 170 150 - 160 140 - 150 130 - 140 120 - 130 110 - 120 100 - 110 < 100

> 320 300 - 320 280 - 300 260 - 280 240 - 260 220 - 240 200 - 220 180 - 200 < 180

Average Values (Hours) Average Values (Hours)

Sunshine Duration Averages:

Average Min and Max Temperature Degrees Celsius: Extreme Min and Max Temperature Degrees Celsius:

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Temperature Averages:

The general solar analysis shows that the site averages temperatures above 0 degrees Celsius throughout the year Occasional extreme temperatures may occur and the building should factor in these extremes Advantages: The relatively steady temperature should inform accurate predictions for building systems Disadvantages: the occasional extreme temperature could occur and preparations for such days should be factored

9.00, March

There are no man-made structure casting shadow onto the building. The shadowing of the building is only affected by itself and the foliage around it in the garden

Shadow Study:

12.00, March

Shadow Study:

15.00, March

Shadow Study:

18.00, March

Shadow Study:

9.00, July

Shadow Study:

12.00, July

Shadow Study:

15.00, July

Shadow Study:

18.00, July

Shadow Study:

9.00, September

Shadow Study:

12.00, September

Shadow Study:

15.00, September

Shadow Study:

18.00, September

Shadow Study:

9.00, December

Shadow Study:

12.00, December

Shadow Study:

15.00, December

Shadow Study:

18.00, December

Shadow Study:

Summer: Winter:

> 25 20 - 25 15 - 20 10 - 15 8 - 10 6 - 8 < 6

Average Values (Knots) > 25 20 - 25 15 - 20 10 - 15 8 - 10 6 - 8 < 6

Average Values (Knots)

Mean Wind Speed Averages:

The wind analysis shows that the site may experience winds which average 10-25 knots throughout the year Advantages: strong winds can be used by wind turbines to generate power Disadvantages: the shape of the building may cause adverse wind deflections

Jan: May: Sept:

Feb: June: Oct:

Mar: July: Nov:

Apr: Aug: Dec:

Month By Month:

Year Overall:

The wind analysis shows that the site may experience strong winds, predominantly from the north-east and south-west

The large trees around the site can channel the wind into narrow spaces and increase wind forces and speed

Wind Channels:

South West:

Strong winds often approach the site from the south-west

South West:

1. Winds approach from the south-west

South West:

1. Winds approach from the south-west 2. As wind is forced through channels speeds increase

South West:

1. Winds approach from the south-west 2. As wind is forced through channels speeds increase

South West:

1. Winds approach from the south-west 2. As wind is forced through channels speeds increase 3. Wind disperses into more open ground

South West:

As the wind passes by the large trees areas of negative pressure Positive pressure Negative pressure

South West:

North East:

Strong winds often approach the site from the north-east

North East:

1. Winds approach from the north-east

North East:

1. Winds approach from the north-east 2. As wind is forced through channels speeds increase

North East:

1. Winds approach from the north-east 2. As wind is forced through channels speeds increase

North East:

1. Winds approach from the north-east 2. As wind is forced through channels speeds increase 3. Wind disperses into more open ground

North East:

Spring: Autumn:

Summer: Winter:

> 800 600 - 800 500 - 600 400 - 500 300 - 400 250 - 300 200 - 250 150 - 200 < 150

Average Values (mm) Average Values (mm)

Rainfall Averages:

Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm):

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Rainfall Averages:

Rainfall analysis shows that the site experiences a large amount of rainfall throughout the year Advantages: rainwater may be harvested for utilities Disadvantages: the building will need to be very weather tight and damp conditions may restrict material choice

Spring: Autumn:

Summer: Winter:

> 40 30 - 40 20 - 30 15 - 20 10 - 15 5 - 10 < 5

Average Values (mm) Average Values (mm)

Average Values (days) Average Values (mm)

Lying Snow Averages:

Average No. Days Ground Frost: Average No. Days Air Frost:

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Frost:

Snow and frost analysis shows that the site may experience severe cold spells Advantages: no significant advantages Disadvantages: lying snow will need to be accounted for in room loading, colder conditions may not be suitable for some environmental conditions

River Location:

The site is located on raised ground to the north of the Water of Leith

Flood Zone:

Flood analysis shows that the site should not experience any significant flooding should the river burst its banks. Please note: localised flooding could occur if drains are not properly maintained and cleared due to the large volume of rainfall the site experiences.

Borehole Sample Map: G

Borehole Sample 130m:

Topsoil Soft Silt And Sandy Clay Medium Dense Brown Clay Firm Dark Gray Gravelly Clay Gravel And Sand Sand With Broken Sandstone Fire Clay

Cobble Sets Mudstone Red Clay With Burnt Shale Concrete Compacted Brick Fill Boulders / Broken Rock Paraffin Shale

Medium Sand Mixed With Stone Weak Weathered Mudstone Tarmac Broken Stone Firm Sandstone Black Ash Filling Black Sand

Borehole Samples:

Key: 1: Clay and Large Stones 2:Clay 3: Broken Rock and Boulders 4: Coarse Gravel and Boulders 5: Black Sand 6: Sandstone 7: Clay 8: Paraffin Shale 9: Sandstone 10: Clay 11: Sandstone 12: Clay with Boulders and Gravel 13: Sandstone 14: Clay 15: Sandstone 16: Fireclay 17: Sandstone and Quartz

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

0 - 9.14m 9.14 - 13.1m 13.1 - 15.24m 15.24 - 22.55m 22.55 - 25.29m 25.29 - 30.17m 30.17 - 30.78m 30.78 - 40.23m 40.23 - 53.64m 53.64 - 54.25m 54.25 - 57.30m 57.30 - 67.05m 67.05 - 86.56m 86.56 – 87.17m 87.17 - 118.87m 118.87 - 122.52m 122.52 - 129.54m

Geological Build-Up 130m:

Geological analysis shows that the site sits on approx. 25m of clay and sand. After 25m there are significant deposits of sandstone. Around the site the smaller bore hole samples suggest that a lot of man made spoil could occur. This should not be a problem for the specific site because of the age of the gardens. We would suggest that pad foundations would be suitable for these geological conditions.

Entrance foyer - Natural lighting from the two side glass facade and ETFE roofing - Artificial lighting system is using spot light to shire from the floor up to the roof and from the roof coming down, when the outside is dark - Naturally Ventilated by passive ventilation

Ground Floor Zo

Toilet - Although natural light enter the area from the small glazing on the roof, but artificial lighting is still required - Mechanical ventilated space

Ground Floor Zo

Open plan space - Natural light enter the space from the glass facade and ETFE roofing - Artificial lighting is also required to increase the luminosity - Passive Ventilated from automatically controlled vents - Mechanical ventilation will be use when its needed - Under floor heating is used

Ground Floor Zo

Toilet - Natural and artificial lighting are both used to light up the space - Mechanical ventilated space - Under floor heating is used

Ground Floor Zo

Circulation and Storage -Glazing are installed but due to small openings artificial lighting is mostly used - Spaces are mechanical ventilated - Under floor heating is used

Ground Floor Zo

Plant room - Artificial lighting is constantly needed due to lack of windows, but with the space being not having a lot of human access, the light will not required to be on for a long period of time - Mechanically ventilated through vents controlled by extractor fans

Ground Floor Zo

Open plan spaces - Natural light enter the space from the glass facade and ETFE roofing - Artificial lighting is also required to increase the luminosity - Passive Ventilated from automatically controlled vents - Mechanical ventilation will be use when its needed - Under floor heating is used

First Floor Zo

Office - Natural and artificial lighting are both used in this space - On the facade glazing, white light reflectors are installed to reflect all available sunlight into the space to reduce the need for artificial lighting - The top of the internal walls are also made of glass which allows light enter from the roof atrium - Mechanical ventilated space - Under floor heating is used

First Floor Zo

Kitchen - Natural and artificial lighting are both used to light up the space - It is assume that it is mechanically ventilated, because of the function of the space and the lack of window - Under floor heating is used

First Floor Zo

Toilet - Artificial lighting is used in the enclosed space - Mechanical ventilated space - Under floor heating is used

First Floor Zo

Circulation and Storage - The space is mainly artificial lighted. Although there are glazed opening, but the opening is not big enough to have the space totally naturally lighted - Mechanical ventilated space - Under floor heating is used

First Floor Zo

Education room - Natural and artificial lighting are both used to light up the space - Natural ventilation is controlled by the automatically controlled vents - Mechanical ventilation will be use when its needed - Under floor heating is used

First Floor Zo

First Floor Plan Public Spaces

First Floor Plan Private Spaces

Ground Floor Plan Public Spaces

Ground Floor Plan Private Spaces

Due to the buildings orientation to the sun,

there is very little direct sunlight allowed into the

building one measure implemented to allow sunlight into the office

spaces are these Louvre's. They work by bouncing a

subdued sunlight into the offices

The building internal atriums are lit by roof light

which have a polymer cover on them. This is to give a more uniform and

bright light rather than direct intense sun light. As there is gallery space with

in the atriums this polymer helps to block out

UV rays.

ng Lighting Systems:

UV rays.

Despite the buildings position in relation to the sun, it has been designed to make the most of

the suns natural light throughout the day.

Maximum sun angle 73 degrees

ng Summer 9am:

Summer 12pm

ng Summer 12pm:

ng Summer 5pm:

Minimum sun angle 20 degrees

ng Winter 9am:

ng Winter 12pm:

ng Winter 5pm:

The restaurant light system consists of fluorescent tubes

suspended from the ceiling and integrated into panels that aid

acoustics' and contain heating and ventilation pipes.

Restaurant:

Exhibition Space:

In the exhibition space no lighting could be integrated into the

structural beams or walls this means all the lighting is suspended

within a neat panel system that also contains all of the heat and

ventilation ducts. The lighting in this space

comprises of spot lights that can be moved along tracks to alter the

space depending on what the exhibition requires.

g Lighting - Space By Space:

The restaurant light system consists of fluorescent tubes

suspended from the ceiling and integrated into panels that aid

acoustics' and contain heating and ventilation pipes.

In the evening the space is

transformed by atmospheric blue LED lighting that is contained

within the same suspended ceiling panels.

Restaurant:

Exhibition Space:

In the exhibition space no lighting could be integrated into the

structural beams or walls this means all the lighting is suspended

within a neat panel system that also contains all of the heat and

ventilation ducts. The lighting in this space

comprises of spot lights that can be moved along tracks to alter the

space depending on what the exhibition requires.

The exterior lighting consists of LED units that illuminate up the blue slate wall. This create and

interesting effect of shadows and highlight using the natural form of

the stone work.

Exterior Lighting:

Timber Staircase:

The stairs are one of the most outstanding features within the building. The lighting engineers

worked with architects and manufacturers to integrate an LED

lighting system that would compliment the sculptural form. The LED strips are built into the

treads of the stair and illuminate both the top and bottom of the

staircase.

Section to show the use of lighting throughout the building

g Lighting - Building Overall:

The buildings primary ventilation strategy is the use of windows and vents along side atriums and opening roof lights to create a chimney

stack effect to naturally cool the volume.

The buildings primary ventilation strategy is the use of windows and vents along side atriums and opening roof lights to create a chimney

stack effect to naturally cool the volume.

There is no air conditioning or air pumped within the building, instead the building relies

on allowing air to enter the building through air vents that are automatically controlled by comparing outside temperatures with the

temperatures inside the building

This safes energy and has the additional benefit of allowing us to breathe fresh air instead of

recycled ‘second hand’ air.

This safes energy and has the additional benefit of allowing us to breathe fresh air instead of

recycled ‘second hand’ air.

The services come up the side of the lift shaft located next to the kitchen, above the basement where the plant room is located. In this plant room the utilities enter the building ready to be distributed

throughout the structure. The plant room also services the heating cooling and ventilation systems.

Plant Room Location: Se

Plant Core Location: Se

Service Run Locations: Se

ns Service Run Locations:

Service Run Locations:

ns Heating and Cooling System:

The heating and cooling system on the ground floor is a flat line

radiant system manufactured by Zehnder. The system is an efficient

way of maintaining an ambient temperature. It does this by using

convection to move air through the unit which dependent on

requirements can heat or cool the effected space. The system uses

hot or cold water pumped through the system to either heat or cool

the space depending on the requirement of the gallery.

Heating and Cooling System:

A - Wind Turbine B - Sedum Roof C - Rainwater Harvesting D - Solar Panels E - Bio-mass Boiler

ine Current Wind Turbine System:

Current System: Computer control system (Uses a gust tracking algorithm to detect the behaviour of the wind. This information is then used to gain maximum power from the wind during gusts, to optimize the turbine performance.)

Compact size (Five metres high and three metres in diameter makes it compact and easy to integrate)

One moving part (Limits maintenance and inspection)

Wire safety system (Built in wire tensile system to prevent parts coming away from the turbine in the event of structural failure)

Turbine specification: Physical dimensions 5.5m tall, 3.1m diameter Generator Direct drive, mechanically integrated, weather sealed permanent magnet generator Power control Peak power tracking constantly optimises turbine output for all sites and wind speeds Power The projected peak power at 16m/s is: 8.5kW aerodynamic; 7.0kW DC; 6.5kWh at 7m/s Annual energy yield 4197kWh at 5m/s to BWEA standards Up to 12729kWh at 7m/s No reduction in power output at up to 40% turbulence intensity Operating wind speeds Cut in at sustained 5m/s; Cut out sustained 26m/s Design life 25 years (annual inspections recommended) Rotor construction Carbon fibre Power Regulation and shutdown Power regulation above 13.5m/s wind speed, auto shutdown in high wind speeds (above 26m/s) Roof mounting 6m mast Tower mounting 18m mast Remote monitoring Event log can be accessed via PC. Remote monitoring stores operation, average wind speeds and kW hours of electricity generated Warranty Two years on components

ine Current Wind Turbine System - Statistics:

The turbine can generate around 4000 to 10000kWh per year, energy enough to supply an office which has 15-20 men.

Current Wind Turbine System: A

Designed as a quiet solution of consuming wind energy. Because of its quietness, it can be installed in urban areas.

ine Current Wind Turbine System:

ine Wind Turbine Does Not Work:

The wind turbine is not currently working Possible reasons for turbine failure could be: Too strong / weak wind strength Wind blocked by trees Hardware or software failure A

The Turbine will work at speeds between 5m/s and 26m/s Speeds below 5m/s are shown in Red, The grey areas show up to an optimum speed of approx 16m/s Analysis shows that the site experiences suitable wind speeds for turbine operation

ine Wind Strength?:

Jan: May: Sept:

Feb: June: Oct:

Mar: July: Nov:

Apr: Aug: Dec:

= Turbine Location

ine Turbine Positioning?:

The Turbine will work with winds from any direction As shown in the wind analysis the site experiences strong channels of wind around and over the building Analysis indicates the turbine should not be blocked from the wind and have strong channels passing A

ine Computer System?:

The chosen turbine incorporates a sophisticated computer system which: Determines when to spin turbine to start Determines when to brake in high winds Decides when to shut down Production of event logs for analysis Predictive controller learns site wind analysis over time Remote monitoring

Analysis shows under the environmental conditions of the site the turbine should operate. Because conditions are adequate we would suggest that the turbine may have malfunctioned due hardware or software problems.

Quietrevolution QR5 Windspire Gyromill Venturi Turbine Ropatec Vertical

Cut in: 5m/s 4m/s 2m/s 1.94m/s

Optimum: 16m/s 5.4m/s 5m/s 13.88m/s

Max: 26m/s 45m/s 40m/s 75m/s

kW/hr: 9600 2000 500 2300

Features: Low Noise Predictive Controller Auto Shut Down Low Vibration

Low Noise Small Scale Self Starting High Strength

Low Noise Almost continuous Low Cost Ideal for Low Speeds

Low Noise Low Maintenance Aerodynamic braking system

ine Correct Turbine Choice?:

Our Suggestion: We believe alternative vertical turbines would be suited to the site. A turbine which does not rely on computer systems would eliminate the chance of software failure.

ine Alternative Turbine Choice?:

Our Suggestion: A system using the Ropatec Vertical turbine would be more suited to the site.

Ropatec Vertical Turbine Quietrevolution QR5

Operates at lower speed Requires higher speeds

Able to operate at higher speeds Unable to operate at highest speeds

Optimum speed is higher Optimum speed is lower

Generates less power Generates more power

Aerodynamic braking system Computerised braking system

Although the Quiet revolution produces more power and it optimal at lower speeds, we believe that the Ropatec would be better suited due to its ability to work in lower and higher winds. Also by eliminating a reliance on complex computer systems will minimise failure.

More desirable traits are highlighted in red

ine Alternative Turbine Choice?:

Our Suggestion: Using two Ropatec Vertical turbines would give more power generation and produce approx. 2/3 of the power from the Quietrevolution QR5 system

We would suggest utilising both wind channels and putting a second turbine on the south-east corner Although 2 Ropatec turbines only produce 4600kW/hr compared to 9600kW/hr of the Quietrevolution QR5 system we believe the ability to run at lower and higher speeds would make up for some of this loss

= Turbine Location

Green roof is a roof that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium. Green roof has a longer lifespan than conventional roof, with roofs are under constant ultra-violet light. In it’s first summer the roof was colonised by butterflies, insects and birds

of Current Roof System:

of Green Roof Section:

Key: 1. Sedum Roof 2. Rock Fill 3. Growing Medium 4. Primary Filter Layer 5. Secondary Filter Layer Drainage Layer 6. Root Barrier 7. Insulation 8. Vapour Control Layer 9. Cross Laminated Timber

1 3 4 6 7 8 9

Green roof provide a sustainable drainage as it reduce the immediate storm-water run off, by trapping the water within the soil and plants.

of Drainage:

Green roof has a longer lifespan than conventional roof, with roofs are under constant ultra-violet light.

of Life Span:

During the summer, solar energy is utilised by plants for evapotranspiration, reducing the temperature of the green roof and the surrounding microclimate.

Summer Winter

During the winter months, a green roof can add to the insulating qualities of the roof. Water has a negative effect on thermal conductance. So in damp winter climate, such as the UK, a green roof will add little to the overall thermal performance of the roof.

Thermal Properties: B

Sedums herbs Sedums herbs perennials Perennials grasses shrubs Grasses shrubs trees 76 – 102 mm 127 – 178 mm 203 -279 mm 305 + mm

The roof currently has a thinner growing medium which is only suitable to plants such as sedum, we believe that the roof could benefit biodiversity by having different plant species.

Green Roof Depth Analysis:

The thickness of the growing medium will be depends on the vegetation. The taller and bigger the vegetation , the thicker the growing medium. This is because of the taller and bigger the plants, the more and longer the roots they will have to keep them stable.

of Potential Biodiversity Promotion :

Our Suggestion: The botanical gardens could help bio-diversity by having a green roof incorporating plants which help endangered insect species. However, as discussed on the previous page this would increase the loading on the roof if a thicker growing medium was needed. We suggest a tiered system to enable more diverse planting. This would minimise growing medium thickness and maintain a reduced loading on the structure

Large Heath Butterfly (Coenonympha tullia)

Habitat: Bog moss Hare’s-tail Cottongrass Cross-leaved Heath

Northern Brown Argus (Aricia artaxerxes)

Habitat: Drained and unimproved grasslands Rock-rose Sheltered scrub Patches of bare ground

of Potential Biodiversity Promotion - Priority Species in UK Biodiversity Action Plan:

The roof has already been colonised by some common butterflies and insects. However the area around the site is home to the following endangered butterflies which we feel can benefit from different roof planting

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Boloria selene)

Habitat: Bracken Pteridium aquilinum Damp grassland Flushes and moorland Open wood-pasture

Dark Green Fritillary (Argynnis aglaja)

Habitat: Flower-rich grassland Patches of scrub Bracken Pteridium aquilinum

of Potential Biodiversity Promotion - Priority Species in UK Biodiversity Action Plan:

The roof has already been colonised by some common butterflies and insects. However the area around the site is home to the following endangered butterflies which we feel can benefit from different roof planting

Current System: 2x 7000 litre tanks (5000 litre per tank dedicated to rainwater)

Simple filter system (Because the rainwater is only being use as toilet water, large and complex filter system can be avoid, Gravity treatment cyclonic filters are used to the north)

Part gravity fed (Harvesting to the north toilet drum is gravity fed)

Part pumped (Harvesting to the south end of the building is pumped with the booster set to allow all WC’s in building to be served)

Low maintenance Low running cost

ing Current Rainwater Harvesting From Roof Area:

On this building, the rainwater is collected from the roof and used for flushing the toilets.

Some of the rainwater being store away, the large drainage system for the rainwater will not be required, as another solution on reducing the cost on the construction of the building.

This system reduces the amount of water needed to flush the toilet by at least 36% a year.

ing Potential Rainwater Harvesting From Roof Area:

Our Suggestion: We believe that the rainwater harvesting system can be more efficient than 36% Surface area of roof =1630.099817m2 Based of the following criteria: Adequate drainage can be used to collect 100% of the water The green roof does not consume a large quantity of the water C

Jan = 195,610 Feb = 138,560 Mar = 163,010 Apr = 130,410 May = 154,860 Jun = 179,310

Jul = 187,460 Aug = 171,160 Sept = 203,760 Oct = 220,060 Nov = 187,460 Dec = 203,760

Potential Rainwater Harvesting From Roof Area:

22,000

20,000

18,000

16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

Key: = 2000 Litres Collected

We believe the surface area of the roof and average rainfall for Edinburgh can provide 100% of the water for the building

No. Visitors 2010 = 707,244 visitors Public Buildings require = 3-10 litres per person 100% rainwater harvesting system requires = 2,121,732 litres Summer total (April to September) = 1,273,039.2 litres Winter total (October – March) = 848,692.8 litres Summer month = 212,173.2 litres Winter month = 141,448.8 litres

22,000

20,000

18,000

16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

(We will allow 3 litres per visitor because not all visitors to the park will use the facilities) (As there are more visitors in summer 60% of the total will be required and 40% in winter)

Required Rainwater for 100% Rainwater Usage:

Key: = Required

22,000

20,000

18,000

16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

Key: = Harvested = Stored = Shortage

Jan = +54,161.2 Feb = -2888.8 Mar = +21561.2 Apr = -81763.2 May = -57313.2 Jun = -32863.2

Jul = -24713.2 Aug = -41013.2 Sept = -8413.2 Oct = +78611.2 Nov = +46011.2 Dec = +62311.2

Yearly shortage = -19,465.6 Rainwater harvesting from roof Yearly capacity = 99.08%

Collected Water Vs Required Water: C

The roof falls just short of providing 100% water for the building. Our Suggestion: Harvesting water from the car park to provide any extra water Supplying the missing 0.92% Provide in times of low rain Allow extra water for the green roof

(Car park would be only suitable for flushing toilets due to potential contamination from cars)

ing How to Achieve 100% Rainwater Harvesting:

Surface area of car park area = 407.374491m2 C

Utilising rainwater from both the roof and car park should supply a large surplus which can be utilised in other ways

Our Suggestion: If car park water is used as first choice for toilets, the large surplus of water collected from the roof could use a UV sterilisation system to produce safe drinking water.

Advantages: No chemicals added to the water Low running costs Simple maintenance Safe and environmentally friendly

Rain water harvested from roof

Secondary filtration with a minimum of 5 micron filter to remove any remaining sediment

Pre-filtration 10 micron filter to remove larger sediment

UV sterilisation systems to kill bacteria and viruses making the water suitable for drinking

Safe dinking water produced

Making Rainwater Safe to Drink: C

Photovoltaic and solar hot water heating panels are installed on the south side of the roof.

Current Solar Power System:

Photovoltaic Panel Charge Controller

Charge Controller

Electric Meter

Battery Electrical Device

National Grid

Solar Power System: D

Key: 1.) N-type silicon 2.) Junction 3.) P-type silicon

4.) Photons 5.) Electron flow 6.) ‘Hole’ flow

Solar Power System - Panel Build-Up:

Photons in sunlight strike PV and may be absorbed by atom Energy of the photon transferred to the electron of the atom that receives that energy. Cell materials (semiconductors) N-type, – charge (lot of nearly free electrons) P-type, + charge (lot of "Holes“ - when an electron has left its place) When an electron is free to move and has a negative charge it will try to catch a positive charge Although the charges are attracted it is impossible for electrons to pass the junction The only way to find a Hole is by going out from the solar cell, through an electrical device and toward the P-Type semiconductor. Thus creating electricity. D

When a visible light strike a solar cell, three things would happen: 1) Pass straight through 2) Be reflected 3) Be absorbed

1) 2) 3)

Solar Power System: D

11sqm of photovoltaic panel on the roof Generate 1400 kWh per year, which is equal saving 600kg of carbon dioxide per year

Solar Power System:

Evacuated tube solar thermal panels

Water pump

Hot water

Boiler

Solar Heating System: D

Key: 1.) Evacuated Tube 2.) Copper Heat Pipe 3.) Non-toxic Liquid So

g Solar Heating System - Panel Build-Up:

Infra-red radiation from the sun is absorbed by this sealed heat pipe which contains an anti-freeze liquid. As heat rises, hot vapours from the antifreeze rise up to the top of the heat pipe where its copper tip connects with a header pipe through which more antifreeze flows This hot antifreeze is pumped through pipes inside the hot water tank with the end result that the water gets hotter and the antifreeze cooler

Hot vapour rises to heat pipe tip

Cold vapour liquefies and returns to bottom

15sqm of solar hot water panels can generate 12 kV of warm water, which will provide enough hot water for 100000 hand wash or 1500 showers per year

ing Solar Heating System:

The photovoltaic and the solar hot water heating panels both do not work. During us visit to the building, the panels were protected We suggest an alternative method of heating could be more appropriate

ing Solar Heating System:

Alternative Heating Method:

Ground Source Heat Pump: 1.) Energy absorbed from the ground 2.) Transferred to the refrigerant 3.) Refrigerant turns to gaseous state 4.) Refrigerant compressed, reducing its volume causes temperature rise

5.) Heat exchanger extracts heat from refrigerant to heat water 6.) After loss of heat energy refrigerant turns back to liquid 7.) Cycle begins again

Our Suggestion: Ground source heat pumps require a large space to lay pipes, to minimise damaging the site gardens we suggest the use of a bore hole heat pump.

Alternative Heating Method:

The geology study shows it is relatively easy to drill a borehole to a depth of approx. 25m. Which will be sufficient for the ground source heat pump.

Alternative Heating Method - Heat Pump Efficiency:

Standard Gas Boiler:

Ground Source Heat Pump:

The ratio of output energy compared to input energy is called co-efficiency of performance (COP). Most standard boilers have a COP of 1 (i.e. 1kW energy is turned into 1kW heat energy). Ground source heat pumps often achieve a COP of 4. At temperature of 35-45 degrees Celsius COP 5 can be achieved.

ive Alternative Heating Method – Combined Passive Cooling System

Our Suggestion: The bore hole can also be utilised in combination with the water tank to provide passive cooling

Summer Cooling: 1.) Rainwater collected 2.) Rainwater transferred to storage tank 3.) Cold energy absorbed from the water tank 4.) Cold transferred via distribution system

Winter Heating: 5.) Heat energy absorbed 6.) Transferred to the refrigerant 7.) Refrigerant turns to gaseous state 8.) Refrigerant compressed 9.) Heat exchanger extracts heat from refrigerant to heat water 10.) After loss of heat energy refrigerant turns back to liquid 11.) Cycle begins again

h Summer (Cold used for cooling)

Winter h (Heat used for compressor)

The Biomass Boiler is used to heat water and the building . The waste ash is then mixed into the soil and acts as fertilizer. The Botanical Garden uses a closed loop system of burning trees and waste from the garden and then replanting any trees used.

E Utilising Waste From The Biomass Boiler:

Advantages -Biomass is a sustainable fuel source if managed correctly, i.e. trees need to be planted to replace those used. -It is virtually carbon neutral. -If they are well maintained and run they will produce very little smoke. -Biomass is a good way of using up waste wood. It is used by the Royal Botanical Gardens for a large proportion of their garden waste. Disadvantage -The main disadvantage of using biomass boilers is the need for a regular supply of wood however this is over come by the building being a Botanical garden Centre. Fact -12 cubic metres of wood chips can produce similar levels of heat to 1000 litres of heating oil. For your information, 4.8 cubic metres (approx 4.8 tonnes) of raw wood makes 12 cubic metres of chips.

E Advantages and Disadvantages of Biomass Boilers:

The Use of KLH Panels

Structure: KLH panels are manufactured to specific sizes and thicknesses which means bulk producing is easy In the event of a fire, the laminations of the panels make it difficult for the fire to spread throughout the building The panels are easily assembled and connected on site, reducing labour costs and construction time Compared to other structural systems, they are very small/thin which means thin load bearing walls are possible They are manufactured from a sustainable wood source and are a storage of carbon

Structure: During the construction of the building there were relatively few problems with the build up. This was due to the standardised KLH panelling system. The first floor, roof and beams were all built offsite and simply delivered to be bolted onto the columns. This consequently meant that the building could be constructed extremely quickly and with relatively low skilled labourers. This not only made it cheaper to build but it also meant that there were a limited number of human errors during construction. Although the building is now structurally complete, the main contractor Xircon went into liquidation towards the end of the build. This has consequently meant that many small finishing bits on the building are either yet to be done or a later contractor had to finish.

Wind Turbine: The current wind turbine is not working due to a technical fault. From our analysis we believe the malfunction could be due to the complex computer system that controls the turbine. We suggest an alternative vertical turbine would be more suited to the site because a turbine which does not rely on computer systems would eliminate the chance of software failure. After analysing several vertical turbines we would suggest a system using the Ropatec Vertical turbine would be more suited to the site. The Ropatec would work under both lower and higher wind speeds. The wind analysis shows that the site could experience high wind due to channelling. The downside to the Ropatec turbine is that is produces less power. To make up for this loss we suggest using two Ropatec Vertical turbines would produce approx. 2/3 of the power from the Quietrevolution QR5 system. The wind analysis shows that the site could be suited to a second turbine to the south of the building, we would suggest locating the second Ropatec turbine here.

Sustainability Conclusion:

Sedum Roof: One of the key objectives of the botanical gardens is to promote biodiversity. We feel that the roof of this building has missed an opportunity to help struggling species of insects and birds. We suggest a green roof which incorporates plants which help endangered insect species would be more suited. New species of plants on the roof may require deeper growing medium which would in turn increase the loading on the building. In order to have both deeper growing medium yet maintain a lower loading force we suggest a tiered system could be suitable and enable more diverse planting. The roof has already been colonised by some common butterflies and insects. Our research showed that there are several species of endangered butterfly which are a priority for government biodiversity targets. We suggest selective planting could create a suitable habitat for these endangered butterflies.

We suggest that the following changes and additions could greatly increase the sustainability of the building:

Rainwater Harvesting: Currently the rainwater harvesting system provides 36% of the toilet water. We believe that the rainwater harvesting system can be utilised better and become more efficient than 36%. Our aim is to increase the amount of water harvested to provide 100% of the water for the building. Based on our calculations with the size of the roof, the amount of average rain on the site and the average consumption of water per visitor it is possible to harvest almost 100% of the water for the building. Because rain amounts fluctuate we also suggest harvesting water from the car park would provide extra water to supply the 0.92% shortfall from the roof, provide in times of low rain and also provide water to feed the green roof. If the building had a system which could utilise rainwater from both the roof and the car park our research shows that 100% of the needed water would be achieved. This can be achieved by increasing the size of the storage tanks and the area of water harvesting.

Car park water would be used as first choice for toilets. We suggest installing a UV filtration system so that the large surplus of water collected from the roof could be sterilised to produce safe drinking water. This filtration and sterilisation system would also be more suited than the current filtration system which leaves the water yellow and has resulted in complaints from the visitors.

Solar panels: The current solar panel system is not working due to a technical fault. The specific fault is unknown, but we suggest that by using several systems together will provide a back-up to cover such times. Based on our geological research we suggest that the site is suitable for a ground source heat pump. Commonly ground source heat pumps require a large space to lay pipes, we suggest that to minimise damaging the site gardens the use of a bore hole heat pump would be more suitable. The geological research shows that a bore hole of 25m should be easy to drill before reaching sandstone. By combining the suggested ground source heat pump with both the bio mass boiler and the solar heating (when it becomes active) the building would be more covered for all eventualities. Ground source heat pumps are also one of the most efficient ways to heat the building and has significant environmental advantages over traditional heating systems. The bore hole system can also be used in reverse to provide additional cooling in the summer. By using the borehole in combination with the water tank the building should be able to cool the passing liquid enough to provide passive cooling to the building

We suggest that the following changes and additions could greatly increase the sustainability of the building:

Sustainability Conclusion: C

http://www.edwardcullinanarchitects.com/ http://www.rbge.org.uk/ http://www.journal-online.co.uk/article/7493-visitor-numbers-for-botanics-on-the-rise http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/es/print.html http://www.solaruk.net/lazer2_solar_thermal_collectors.asp?gclid=CL3njZ7X7KwCFSFItAod_2CLHQ http://www.coste53.net/downloads/Edinburgh/Edinburgh-Presentation/78.pdf http://www.architecture.com/SustainabilityHub/Casestudies/5-RoyalBotanicGardenEdinburgh.aspx http://www.petervaldivia.com/technology/energy/solar-power.php http://www.energ.co.uk/gshp-technology http://www.britishbutterflies.co.uk/protected.asp http://www.windfinder.com/windstats/windstatistic_edinburgh.htm http://www.quietrevolution.com/index.htm?gclid=CJOGmdvh76wCFdEhtAodPmZfPw http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Vertical_Axis_Wind_Turbines http://www.zae-bayern.de/english/division-2/projects/archive/regenerative-cooling-system.html www.speirsandmajor.com www.zehnder.co.uk www.edwardcullinanarchitects.co.uk www.rbge.org.uk

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