Astronomy. Review of Test 1. Look at scores, write in percentages if missing. OBJECTIVE 1...
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- Slide 1
- Astronomy
- Slide 2
- Review of Test 1. Look at scores, write in percentages if
missing. OBJECTIVE 1 (SCIENTIFIC METHOD): 1/9 = 11% 2/9 = 22% 3/9 =
33% 4/9 = 44% 5/9 = 55% 6/9 = 66% 7/9 = 77% 8/9 = 88% Write it the
percentages if not already listed for Objective 1. **Note, the
number at the top of your test (1-38) is your total correct for the
test. Divide that number by 38 for your final percentage!***
- Slide 3
- Review of Test Complete your data tracker (half sheet) using
the PERCENTAGES for each objective from the data analysis boxes on
your answer sheet. Again, you are tracking the %. **You are
tracking the PERCENTAGE %%, (not the raw score). Complete the data
chart, then the bar graph, then the reflection questions If you
have questions, please ask me! I am here to help you!
- Slide 4
- Overall Feedback: Strengths: - Following directions- awesome
job!! - Very few people wrote on the test books- thank you! Areas
of Improvement: - Graphing, labeling and intervals of axis. -
Topographic Maps (finding a contour interval) - Locating
coordinates
- Slide 5
- Barycenter The point between two objects where they balance
each other
- Slide 6
- The balance point is not always in the center of a planet, moon
or star
- Slide 7
- Rotation vs. Revolution ROTATION: The Earth rotates (spins) on
its axis. Example: spinning a basketball on your finger.
REVOLUTION: The Earth revolves around the sun. Example: Can you
create one? Page 16
- Slide 8
- The Earths Movement Around The SUN Elliptical Orbit: the Earth
revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit. It takes the Earth
365 days (1 year) to make one orbit. This is an elliptical orbit!
Page 17
- Slide 9
- As its orbiting, its spinning! WHOA! The Earth spins on its
axis. The tilt of the axis is 23.5 degrees Like TyRick spinning a
basketball on his finger. #Ballin Page 17
- Slide 10
- Summer in the Southern Hemisphere- this hemisphere is getting
most of the hot hot sun Summer Winter Summer
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- Slide 12
- Now, back to business...ASTRONOMY! How do we know that Saturn
was married more than once? She had lots of rings.
- Slide 13
- EEn.1.1.1 Explain the Earths motion through space, including
precession, nutation, the barycenter, and its path about the
galaxy. EEn.1.1.2 Explain how the Earths rotation and revolution
about the Sun affect its shape and is related to seasons and tides.
EEn.1.1.3 Explain how the sun produces energy which is transferred
to the Earth by radiation. EEn.1.1.4 Explain how incoming solar
energy makes life possible on Earth.
- Slide 14
- Keplers Laws 1 st law: Elliptical orbit with sun as the center.
2 nd law: Equal areas in equal time Page 17
- Slide 15
- 3 rd law Page 17
- Slide 16
- Keplers Laws in common language Kepler's Notes 3 Laws: 1.
Elliptical Orbit 2. Individual planets travel fastest closer to the
sun. 3. Planets closest to the sun have a smaller radius and take
less time to travel around the sun. **The period (time) to orbit
the sun is greater with an increased radius of the orbit Page
17
- Slide 17
- Foldable Create a foldable that includes the following: 1. All
three of Keplers Laws 2. A picture of each 3. Description in your
own words as to what it means 4. Color 5. An applicable piece of
information from Chapter 22. **Keplers Laws are found on page 618!
Glue into page 18
- Slide 18
- Geocentric Model (Old version): the Earth is the center of the
universe Heliocentric Model (New version)Link: Copernicus in 1543.
Sun is the center of the universe.Link
- Slide 19
- Precession Happens over many, many years. A shift in the
orientation of Earths axis of rotation Changes the direction of the
axis, but not the degree of tilt. Page 19
- Slide 20
- Nutation Wobbling, rocking or swaying around the precessional
axis. Caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon Occurs
over a 18 year period. Page 19
- Slide 21
- Quick Clarifications 1.The rotation of the Earth on its axis
pertains to day and night 2.The revolution of Earth around the sun
pertains to seasons.
- Slide 22
- The Earth revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit. One
revolution takes 365 days/year.
- Slide 23
- Seasons Summer Winter Spring Fall
- Slide 24
- The Earths axis is not straight. In reality, the Earths axis is
tilted 23.5 from vertical. 23.5 Page 19
- Slide 25
- The axis of the Earth is currently pointing in the same
direction, towards the North Star (Polaris), but will change as the
Earth precesses. Page 19
- Slide 26
- Because the axis is tilted, different parts of the earth get
different amounts of solar radiation at a time. Solar
radiation=energy from the sun that heats up the earth. Page 19
- Slide 27
- Earth is tilted towards sun when axis is pointing at the sun.
Page 19
- Slide 28
- Video As we watch the video, write down 3 facts you learned in
your notes. Keep in mind, you should write down facts about
astronomy, seasons, etc., not that there was a kangaroo in the
video Example: The Earth moves in an Elliptical pattern. When the
sun is farthest from the Earth, that is NOT winter.
- Slide 29
- Quiz Time! Take out a piece of lined paper or scrap paper. You
only need a half sheet- so if you have extra to share, please do.
You have 20 seconds to take it out and put your name on it! Now,
number it 1-5, leaving space between the numbers.
- Slide 30
- Quiz 1. Place the following words in hierarchical order from
largest to smallest: galaxy, star, Universe 2. Is the sun the
center of our solar system? 3. The heliocentric model of the
Universe states that planets revolve around the ______________. 4.
What type of path do planets move in? A circular or elliptical
path? (Hint: Keplers 1 st Law) 5. Fill in the blank to complete the
sentence: The farther a planet is from the star, the ____________
the planet orbits that star.
- Slide 31
- When the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, it is
getting the highest amount of radiation. Axis is tilted towards the
sun When the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, it is
getting the lowest amount of radiation. Page 20
- Slide 32
- If looking down from the north pole, the Earth rotates
counterclockwise. One half of Earth experiences daylight (faces the
sun) while the other half experiences night (faces away from the
sun). This means that the Earth is rotating.
- Slide 33
- When the earths tilt is neutral, it is receiving a moderate
amount of radiation from the sun. Page 20
- Slide 34
- CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING 1. Stand up, demonstrate with your arm
what rotation is. 2. Still standing, Rows 1 and 3: sun Rows 2 and
4: Earth. Rows 1 and 2 will work together and 3 and 4 will work
together. Partner up and demonstrate what revolution is,
specifically when the Earth revolves around the sun.
- Slide 35
- Tilt Which hemisphere is closer to the sun TowardsNorthern
AwaySouthern NeutralNeither (same distance)
- Slide 36
- YOUR TURN! Take 2 minutes to fill in the first two columns of
your table!
- Slide 37
- Whats happening here?
- Slide 38
- Why does this matter? Why does that matter? The Earths tilted
axis allows us to have seasons
- Slide 39
- WINTER (Brrr, its cold outside) When the Earth is tilted away
from the sun. Coldest temperatures Top tilted away from sun=
winter
- Slide 40
- SPRING Moderate (medium) temperatures Starts cold and gets
warmer as that part of Earth is tilted toward the sun Beginning to
be pointed towards the sun...spring.
- Slide 41
- SUMMER When the Earth is titled toward the sun. Warmest
temperatures Top tilted towards the sun = summer
- Slide 42
- AUTUMN (FALL) Moderate (medium) temperatures Starts warm and
gets cooler as that part of Earth is tilted away from the sun
Beginning to be tilted away from the sun = spring
- Slide 43
- YOUR TURN Complete the last two columns of your chart!! :)
- Slide 44
- The equator divides the earth into top and bottom halves
(Northern and Southern hemisphere) Because of the tilt of the
earth, the hemispheres have opposite seasons.
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Summary 1. Earth revolves the sun in an elliptical orbit. This
orbit takes 365 days. 2. Earths revolution is responsible for the
seasons.
- Slide 47
- 3. Seasons are caused by change in the angle of earths solar
radiation. 4. The angle of solar radiation changes because earths
axis is constantly tilted at 23.5 degrees. 5. The northern and
southern hemispheres have opposite seasons.
- Slide 48
- Globe Lab Create a story/rap/poem as a group that explains: 1.
That the Northern and Southern Hemispheres have opposite seasons
**Through using countries as an example** 2. Explain how the tilt
of the Earth causes seasons HINT: when the _____ Hemisphere is
pointing towards the sun, that hemisphere is experiencing ______.
**Use geographic locations to make your point! Page 21
- Slide 49
- Pop Quiz Take out a half sheet of paper for your pop quiz.
Write your name on the top right corner.
- Slide 50
- Pop Quiz 1.When Charlotte is experiencing fall, what season is
the eastern hemisphere experiencing? 2. Why do we have seasons?
(EXPLAIN in at least 2 sentences) 3.What does the proximity to the
sun have to do with seasons, if anything?
- Slide 51
- What causes tides? Gravity! Newtons law of universal
gravitation says that the attraction between two bodies is directly
proportional to the masses. - The sun is 27 million times larger
than our moon - Inertia is a counterbalance to gravity
- Slide 52
- Wilhelmshaven, Germany Switch to Flash Drive :)
- Slide 53
- Game Plan Warm up (10 minutes) Tides notes (8 Minutes) Tides
activity with a partner (7 minutes) Moon Notes (15 minutes) FIRE
Notes! (10) Demonstration Exit ticket Homework: Extra Practice
- Slide 54
- So, when does the water move? - Gravitational attraction
between the Earth and moon is strongest on the side facing the moon
o Causes water to bulge on the side facing the moon.
- Slide 55
- o Remember, the oceans are really one, giant, ocean. So, if one
side goes up, the other side has to retread. o This retreat happens
because inertia exceeds the gravitational force.
- Slide 56
- What about that full moon? - During a new or full moon (when
the sun, moon and Earth are in alignment), the solar tide creates
extra high high tides and very low low tides. - But, When the sun
and moon and are at right angles to each other, the solar tide
cancels out the lunar tide.
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Definitions Perigee: when the moon is closest to the Earth:
tides are greater. (Remember- P in perigee is like p in proximate)
Apogee: when the moon is farthest from the Earth (Remember- A like
away) Perihelion: when the Earth is closest to the sun (January 2)-
the range in tides is greater Aphelion: When the Earth is furthest
from the sun (July 2)- the range in tides is reduced Closeness to
the MOON Closeness to the SUN
- Slide 60
- Foldable Create a poster you could present to a middle school
student at your middle school that explains how tides work and what
they are. 1.What are tides? 2.What does gravity, the moon and sun
have to do with them? 3.What impact do tides have on people or
animals? 4.Why should you care about tides? You may do this as
partners. This is due at the end of class.
- Slide 61
- Act it out! In your groups that I have assigned, you will act
out precession and nutation. Every person must have a role, even if
it is introducing the skit or telling what was nutation and what
was precession. You may dance, you may play a song (clean versions
only and as long as you clear it with me before), and you are
expected to have fun and bring your attention back when I raise my
hand.
- Slide 62
- Lets talk about HEAT and the SUN! Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNz DXXUiqRs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNz DXXUiqRs Why is Miamis team
called the heat?
- Slide 63
- Combustion (AKA Burning) Combustion: Exothermic reaction (gives
off heat) and must have molecular oxygen. Page 38 Title of notes:
Nuclear Fission and Fusion
- Slide 64
- Fission vs. Fusion Fission: The reaction when the nucleus of an
atom splits into two or more nuclei Fusion: process where nuclei
collide to form a heavier atom - Process that produces radiant
energy of the stars
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Fusion Contd. - Radiant energy: the energy that travels by
waves (electromagnetic radiation) - In the core of the sun,
hydrogen atoms split apart. When 4 hydrogen nuclei fuse (combine),
they form a helium atom - Energy travels to the surface of the
Earth
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Life on Earth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L86TFEYjlg 4 Start
at 8:30 **11:00** Most important
- Slide 69
- Write the answers to the following questions: 1. Why can
nuclear fusion not happen on Earth very easily? In other words,
what constraints are keeping nuclear fusion from being a viable
alternative energy source? 2. Explain the process by which energy
is created by the sun and how does this differ from the way plants
need to take in their energy? (Hint: hydrogen and helium are key
words for this question) 3. Photosynthesis is how plants get their
energy, but, how do animals and people get their energy? Think back
to the video...
- Slide 70
- If looking down from the north pole, the Earth rotates
counterclockwise. One half of Earth experiences daylight (faces the
sun) while the other half experiences night (faces away from the
sun). This means that the Earth is rotating.
- Slide 71
- Slide 72
- Slide 73
- The Earth is orbiting the sun, called REVOLVING. The plane in
space which the Earth travels is called the Plane of the
Ecliptic.
- Slide 74
- The earth moves around the sun once a year. The reason we have
seasons is because of the 23.5 degree tilt of Earth Earth rotates
once around its axis each day- causing day and night.
- Slide 75
- The universe is made of galaxies which are made of stars. Some
stars have planetary systems that are similar to our solar system.
Earth is a satellite planet of the sun (a star).
- Slide 76
- Galaxy A galaxy is comprised of hundreds of stars, gases and
dust. Our galaxy is the Milky Way. The universe is always
expanding, however, a new theory was suggested in June 2013 that
the universe may not be expanding.
- Slide 77
- What Galaxy do we live in? Raise you hand silently if you
know!!
- Slide 78
- Solar Nebula Cloud of dust and particles (solar nebula) created
the planets in our solar system
- Slide 79
- Nebular Hypothesis A.Cloud of dust and gases (mostly hydrogen
and helium) B.Started rotating and collapsing toward the center
C.Rocky and metallic materials formed as nebular cools D.Collisions
of particles created asteroid-sized objects E.Asteroids combined to
form planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars); gases and lighter
particles formed planets farther from the center (Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, Neptune)
- Slide 80
- Slide 81
- Solar and Lunar Eclipses Lunar eclipse: Earth passes between
the Moon and Sun. Happens at night. - The Earths shadow blocks part
of the moon or a portion of it Solar Eclipse: Occurs when the moon
passes between the Earth and sun- blocking all or part of the sun -
Happens during the day
- Slide 82
- Slide 83
- Equinox and Solstice
- Slide 84
- Slide 85
- Slide 86
- Blue and Red Shift Blue light is ultraviolet light, too short
to see Red light: long wavelengths. Infrared heat radiates to outer
space.
- Slide 87
- Assignment Create a foldable outlining how the seasons change
based on the rotation and revolution of the Earth. 1. Divide you
sheet into four sections. 2. Label each section with a season 3.
Explain what causes the seasons.
- Slide 88
- Wavelength: the distance between two crests Frequency: the
amount of waves per second
- Slide 89
- Slide 90
- The Outer Planets http://www.history.com/shows/the-
universe/videos/the-universe-outer-planets
- Slide 91
- Check this out! Is there another Earth-like planet?
- Slide 92
- Teams We have 4 teams. How many teams?! Please move your desks
silently when I tell you to move them.
- Slide 93
- With the questions you wrote, we are going to play a review
game. The winning team will receive 3 extra credit points on each
member of the groups test!
- Slide 94
- Test Correction Expectations: 1. Quiet (you should ALWAYS be
able to hear me). Other students may be making up a test. Show your
classmates respect, or your folder will be taken away and you may
not make test corrections during the block and will clean our
classroom instead. 2. EXPLAIN WHY THE CORRECT ANSWER IS CORRECT on
a piece of lined paper!! (Not why you selected the wrong answer.
You need to reinforce the CORRECT answers into your noggin.) 3.
Remember, this is time to refresh your brain, relearn, and have
some 1:1 clarification! 4. When finished, staple the test and
corrections together and put in the bin for your block.
- Slide 95
- Slide 96
- Stress Buster Is anyone feeling stressed? I expect you to do
you best and to remember that you are capable of doing great
things. Lets practice a few exercises...
- Slide 97
- 1. How is biodiversity essential to the environment? a.
Biodiversity decreases the chance that at least some living things
will survive in the face of large changes in the environment. b.
Biodiversity decreases the stability of the ecosystem. c.
Biodiversity adds to the aesthetical value of the environment and
reduces the amount of genetic material in the environment. d.
Biodiversity adds to the aesthetical value of the environment and
increases the amount of genetic material in the environment.
- Slide 98
- 2. Which human activity would be most destructive to the
biodiversity of the biosphere? a. the burning of wood and coal in
rural areas b. the release of species of freshwater trout in lakes
c. the removal of plants from the food webs they support d. the
removal of erosion barriers from forest boundaries
- Slide 99
- 3. Which consequence could an exponentially growing human
population have on drinkable water? A. It could cause a decrease in
the amount of waste and pollutants in the water supply. B. It could
cause an increase in the amount of water available for the
population. C. It could cause an increase in cases of waterborne
diseases. D. It could cause a decrease in needing water for
survival.
- Slide 100
- 4. Which example describes an abiotic factor that could impact
the diversity of an ecosystem? A. An increase in prey can impact
the number of predators in an ecosystem. B. The introduction of an
invasive species can change the amount of available resources in an
ecosystem. C. An increase in the amount of acid rain can change the
pH of the soil in an ecosystem. D. The competition for food can
impact the survival rate between members of the same species in an
ecosystem.
- Slide 101
- 5. Kudzu, a vine covering many acres of North Carolina, was
introduced to the United States in 1876 to control erosion. Over
the years, scientists found that kudzu creates problems by growing
rapidly and preventing other plants from getting sunlight. Which
best describes kudzu? A. a noncompetitive species B. an invasive,
nonnative species C. an agent of terror and disaster D. an abiotic
factor
- Slide 102
- 6. How could the exponential growth of the human population
impact regions throughout the world? A. It could lead to a decrease
in the amount of pollution in the regions. B. It could lead to an
increase in the biodiversity of the regions. C. It could lead to an
increase in the demand for food in the regions. D. It could lead to
a decrease in the demand for land within the regions.
- Slide 103
- 7. Whis is an example of a greenhouse gas? a. Nitrogen b.
Oxygen c. Carbon Dioxide d. Mercury
- Slide 104
- 8. On Mount Everest the temperature decreases as the altitude
increases. The summit of this mountain is in which atmospheric
layer? A. mesosphere B. stratosphere C. thermosphere D.
troposphere