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ARTHURIAN LEGENDARTHURIAN LEGEND
Background information for a unit of study pertaining to the Arthurian legend
(Use outline notes to accompany this presentation.)
10th grade EnglishMrs. DukeSpring 2005Edited and Expanded by C. Barbour
THE LEGEND OF KING ARTHURTHE LEGEND OF KING ARTHUR
Set in Great Britain in the Middle Ages (Medieval) 7th and 8th centuryCode of ChivalryChristianityHas been altered and passed down by many groups….
The Legend of King Arthur—have you seen any of these?The Legend of King Arthur—have you seen any of these?
The Sword in the Stone
Excalibur
First Knight
Monty Python: The Search for the Holy Grail
The Mists of Avalon
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
ArthurArthur
Illegitimate son of Uther Pendragon and Igraine of CornwallFoster child of Sir EctorTutored in secret by Merlin
Did Arthur really exist?Did Arthur really exist?
No definitive evidence of Camelot or the Round TableCertain kings claimed to be descendents of ArthurHmmm……this might be a good idea for a project……
THE ROUND TABLETHE ROUND TABLE
3 versions of the legend to describe its origin:
1) Dowry given by Guinevere’s dad
2) built at Arthur’s request to insure equal seating
3) Merlin built it as a gift
THE ROUND TABLETHE ROUND TABLE
Round shape symbolized equality“First Among Equals”Originally seated 13, later 15013 seats signified the 12 apostles and Christ
THE ROUND TABLETHE ROUND TABLE
Seats were magically inscribed with nameplates:“THIS IS THE SEAT OF….”
Siege PerilousSiege Perilous
The 13th seat at the Round Table where only the Grail hero could sit without dyingMerlin named itReserved for the Knight who found the Grail and was of pure heart
CAMELOTCAMELOT
Legendary capital of Arthur’s kingdomCan’t really place it on a modern map – maybe Tintagil Castle?Sometimes referred to as “The Golden City”Legend says Merlin built it in one night
AvalonAvalon
The island to which Arthur was taken as he lie dyingSaxons believed Arthur would return from Avalon in England’s hour of needNo proof, but often identified with Glastonbury in England
MerlinMerlin
Arthur’s advisor, prophet, and magicianTutored Arthur as a childHad supernatural powersWas locked in a cave by Nimue (Lady of the Lake)
Arthur asking Merlin for advice
GuinevereGuinevere
Arthur’s wifeHad an affair with Lancelot2 theories about what happened to her after Arthur’s death:
Retired to a nunneryAbducted by Mordred
Taken from Idylls of a King
Lady of the LakeLady of the Lake
Nimue (or Vivienne?)Supernatural figure with magical powers she learned from Merlinlives in an underwater kingdomGave Excalibur to Arthur
Morgan Le FayMorgan Le Fay
Arthur’s half-sister (Igraine’s daughter)Often Arthur’s adversary stole ExcaliburMordred’s mother or is it Morgawse? (with Arthur)
The Holy GrailThe Holy Grail
Christ gave it to Joseph of Arimathea when he was imprisoned by the JewsThe cup (chalis) used at the Last SupperThen used to catch the blood of Christ as it dripped off the crucifixPursued by the Knights of the Round Table seeking immortality
LancelotLancelot
Most popularArthur’s favoriteBest swordsmanTaught to fight by NimueCould not see the Grail because of his adultery
GalahadGalahad
Grail Knight and holder of the Siege PerilousSon of Lancelot and ElaineAfter he found the Holy Grail, he chose to stay at the Caste of Corbinic and not return to Camelot. He didn’t want to lose his purity
PercevalPerceval
The main Grail knight after GalahadHe found the Holy GrailLater disappeared; believed to be taken in by a ship with a red/white cross
BedivereBedivere
The only knight who survived the battle between Mordred and ArthurCast Excalibur into the pool after Arthur’s mortal wounding
The Knights of the Round TableThe Knights of the Round Table
http://www.wakemanbrasil.hpg.ig.com.br/arthur.htm
CHIVALRYCHIVALRY
Webster’s Dictionary:
Gallantry, courtesy and honor.
The noble qualities a knight was supposed to have, such as courage and a readiness to help the weak.
The demonstration of any of these qualities.
CODE OF CHIVALRYCODE OF CHIVALRY
A handbook of good conductSelf-imposed standards with the realization that setting a good example sends a message which is far more powerful than anything else one can do.
The Ten Commandments of the Code of ChivalryThe Ten Commandments of the Code of ChivalryFrom Chivalry by Leon Gautier
Thou shalt believe all that the Church teaches, and shalt observe all its directions. Thou shalt defend the Church. Thou shalt repect all weaknesses, and shalt constitute thyself the defender of them. Thou shalt love the country in which thou wast born. Thou shalt not recoil before thine enemy. Thou shalt make war against the Infidel without cessation, and without mercy. Thou shalt perform scrupulously thy feudal duties, if they be not contrary to the laws of God. Thou shalt never lie, and shall remain faithful to thy pledged word. Thou shalt be generous, and give largess to everyone. Thou shalt be everywhere and always the champion of the Right and the Good against Injustice and Evil.
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