AR Time until 10:29 1. Student Planner February 24, 2015 Place this in the proper place Prepare for...

AR Time

until 10:29

1

Student Planner February 24, 2015 Place this in the proper place

Prepare for this week ending the triad

You need planner, notes, pen/pencil (per 2 AR book)

2

End PlannerEntries

REVIEW OF LAST CLASS

February 23rd

Summary: We had a standard opening. We reviewed the super hero illustration, getting the trait-characteristic paper to add on it. New vocabulary words and some notes on pH

Answer the last class’s EQ which was:

Essential Question: Essential Question: Describe how pH is Describe how pH is determined.determined.

Topic/Objective:Topic/Objective: Name:

Acids and BasesClass/Period:

Date:

Feb 24, 2015

Essential QuestionEssential Question: what would a neutral : what would a neutral substance show a pH of?substance show a pH of?

Warm Up

1. Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?

A) I and O

B) Ir and O

C) Fe and O

D) Pb and O

2. What do the elements sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and bromine (Br) have in common?

A) They are noble (inert) gases.B) They are nonmetals.C) They have the same thermal conductivity.

D) They have the same number of protons.

3. Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely:

A) different from copper or oxygen.

B) similar to both copper and oxygen.

C) similar only to copper.

D) similar only to oxygen.

4. A diagram of the periodic table of the

elements is shown below.

In which region of the table would nonmetals be found? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

12

3

4

13

Answers

1. Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?

A) I and O

B) Ir and O

C) Fe and O

D) Pb and O

1. Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?

A) I and O

B) Ir and O

C) Fe and O

D) Pb and O

2. What do the elements sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and bromine (Br) have in common?

A) They are noble (inert) gases.B) They are nonmetals.C) They have the same thermal conductivity.D) They have the same number of protons.

2. What do the elements sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and bromine (Br) have in common?

A) They are noble (inert) gases.B) They are nonmetals.C) They have the same thermal conductivity.D) They have the same number of protons.

3. Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely:

A) different from copper or oxygen.

B) similar to both copper and oxygen.

C) similar only to copper.

D) similar only to oxygen.

3. Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely:

A) different from copper or oxygen.

B) similar to both copper and oxygen.

C) similar only to copper.

D) similar only to oxygen.

4. A diagram of the periodic table of the

elements is shown below.

In which region of the table would nonmetals be found? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

12

3

4

4. A diagram of the periodic table of the

elements is shown below.

In which region of the table would nonmetals be found? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

12

3

4

Today’s Homework 1.Tests this week – Thursday unit test; Friday Post Triad 4 test, Vocabulary test. Study

Today• Notes - Acid Base• Acids & Base Lab

Smart Chart titlesBox 1 – Atoms - drawing, label, explain electron levels, cloud, isotopes, ions

Box 2 – Periodic Table – key to reading the element box, define period & group

Box 3 – Elements - list categories, essential elements (symbol, name)

Box 4 – Electron bonds – drawings of the bonds, definitions, explain chemical bonding

Acid or Alkaliand the relationship

Of pH

Vocabulary Terms:1.Acid - a material that has a pH of 1 to 6.92.Base - a material that has a pH of 7.1 to 14.3.Alkaline – an adjective that describes a material meaning the material has a pH greater than 7.4.Alkali – a base.

Terms:5. Ion - a molecule or atom that has an electric charge and is reactive. H+ OH- are the ions involved in pH.6. Acidic - an adjective that describes a material meaning the material has a pH LESS than 7

7. Neutral – a pH = 78. pH- potential of hydrogen ions in a solution. (you can think of this as a percentage) Pure water has a pH of 7

VideoElements of Chemistry: Acids,

Bases, and Salts

A pH is expressed as a number from 1 to 14

(there is a rare scientific exception with pH range -1 to 15. 99.99% of the time, the scale is referred as 1 to 14, and that is the reference in school)

A pH of 1 has H ions in solution at a % of 0.1%

0.1= x10-1 = pH 1

A pH of 2 has H ionsin solution at a % of 0.01% .1 = pH 1.01 = x10-2 pH 2

A pH of 3 has H ions in solution at a % of 0.001% .1 = pH 1.01 = pH 2.001 = pH 3

A pH of 4 has H ions in solution at a % of 0.0001% .1 = pH 1.01 = pH 2.001 = pH 3.0001 = pH 4

A pH of 5 has H ions in solution at a % of 0.00001% .1 = x10-1 pH 1.01 = x10-2

= pH 2.001 = x10-3

= pH 3.0001 = x10-4

= pH 4.00001 = x10-5= pH 5

.0.0.0.0.0 1 2 3 4 5

A pH of 7 has a % ofH ions in solution of

1 x10-7 or .0000001%

A pH of 14 has H ions in a solution with a concentration of .00000000000001% 1x10-14

Alkali compounds have more OH ions than H ions in solution.

The more OH ions, the fewer the H ions. Thus the pH increases.

H ions lessen

As H+ decreases, pH rises, & OH- increases

As H+ increases,

OH- decreases

pH decreasesand

OH- OH-H+ H+

Acids and Bases

Standard 5aReactions

Property of Acids1. tastes sour2. turns blue litmus paper to red3. corrosive-wears away metal4. Acids produce hydrogen ions (H+) in water HCl H+ + Cl-

Standard 5aReactions

Property of Bases1. Tastes bitter & feels slippery2. turns red litmus paper to blue3. Base produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water NaOH Na+ + OH-

Standard 5aReactions

Strengths of Acids and Bases1. pH scale- determines if it is an acid (0-6) or a base (8-14)<----Acid Base--->0 <--------------------7-------------------> 14Strong acid Neutral Strong base

2. pH= 5 would be an _____ 3. pH =9 would be a _____

Acids and Bases

Standard 5aReactions

ThursdayMarch 17

67

Neutralization (~pH 7)1. In neutralization, an acid reacts with a base to always produce salt and water

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2OAcid Base Salt Water

VideoElements of Chemistry: Acids,

Bases, and Salts

Importance of pH in Biology

pH is important in regulating the nature and rate of chemical reactions necessary to support life.

In endothermic organisms (regulate body temperature with metabolic heat: like humans), pH is maintained within a very narrow range.

In ectothermic organisms ("cold-blooded") that use behavioral means of regulating body temperature) pH varies inversely with body temperature.

Some examples:•pH ultimately controls the rate at which you breathe;•pH determines the dissociation of oxygen and carbon dioxide from hemoglobin (relative to breathing and metabolic process)

pH determines the dissociation of chemicals and helps regulate chemical reactions in the body, especially buffer systems and enzymes.

pH determines the balance of reactions which occur in aquatic systems relative to things like carbon dioxide, bicarbonates; sulfur.

pH induced problems in livestock

Acidosis : change in pH from normal range to acid. Causes: ingestion of acidic feeds; formation of lactic acids; lung problems; suffocation. Symptoms: seizures, confusion, severe muscle pain, nausea, loss of consciousness, coma, death

Alkalosis: change in pH from normal range to alkali.Causes: hyperventilation, prolonged vomiting, severe dehydration, and eating/drinking alkali plants, liquids or other materials. Symptoms: muscle weakness, severe cramps, tetany, death.

pH induced problems in plants

1.Nutrient shortages.2. Increase in toxic minerals able to be absorbed by plant.

3. Preferences by plants to specific pH ranges (azaleas love pH 5.5-6) )

4. pH affects pesticide and fertilizer applications, tying up or releasing same

An Azalea

pH is involved in inorganic chemistry

• Reactions between metals (batteries) to form electricity

• Swimming pool maintenance – incorrect pH increases algae growth, calcium deposits on pool tile.

Measuring pH

1. Indicators - change color based on pH reaction.2. Electric meter - meter reads based on electrical conductivity

pH Measurement Laboratory