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AQUACULTURE RESEARCH AQUACULTURE RESEARCH ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES
AND CURRENT AND CURRENT PRIORITIES IN INDONESIAPRIORITIES IN INDONESIA
Ketut SugamaResearch Center for Aquaculture
Agency for Marine and Fisheries ResearchMMAF
Market size fish Broodstock
Eggs/HatchingFingerling/Fry
Larvi Culture Tech:• Biological dev’t• Early feeding• Feeding regime• Rearing manag.
Fish Breeding Tech:• Domestication• Maturation• Spawning• Selective breeding
Post Harvest Tech:• Quality assurance• Value added
Fish Farming Tech:• Good aq. practice• Health manag.• Feed manag.• Site Selection & • Holding systems
Nursery Tech:• Quality indicator• Vaccine dev’t• Biol. detection early diseases
CURRENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Milkfish,Travely,Common carpCatfish,Gouramy,MacrobrachiumCerax sp.Abalone/OysterOthers ..
Shrimp, Grouper,Sea bassTuna, Seaweed, Tilapia, Pearl oyster, Exotic fish,Crabs
MAIN CULTURED SPECIES
Research Research Issues/NeedsIssues/Needs
An important area that An important area that requires requires
further research could be further research could be
grouped into five:grouped into five:Breeding and genetic Breeding and genetic improvementimprovement
Health management (effectively Health management (effectively combat emerging diseases)combat emerging diseases)
Feed development (quality, safe Feed development (quality, safe feeds and efficient)feeds and efficient)
Environmental managementEnvironmental management
Holding systems developmentHolding systems development
Wild caughtWild caught seed seed
Wild caughtWild caught broodstock broodstock
Captive bredCaptive bred broodstock broodstock
>2 generations>2 generationsCaptive bredCaptive bred
GeneticGeneticManagementManagement..
GeneticGeneticImprovementImprovement
PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH FOR FISH BREEDING
Broodstock ImprovementBroodstock ImprovementResearch is focus on production ofgood quality of seeds
Where genetically Where genetically clean (SPF), clean (SPF), Strong or Healthy Strong or Healthy Fast growing and Fast growing and resistant to resistant to diseases (SPR)diseases (SPR)Linkage gene for marker assist selection
What genetic issues What genetic issues should we be taking into should we be taking into
account?account?Maintaining and improving culture performanceMaintaining and improving culture performance– Strain selection (up to 60% difference best-worst)Strain selection (up to 60% difference best-worst)– Harvesting genetic variation at the beginning of domesticationHarvesting genetic variation at the beginning of domestication– Managing genetic variation during and after domesticationManaging genetic variation during and after domestication– Ultimately exploiting genetic variation through selective Ultimately exploiting genetic variation through selective
breeding and other genetics based technologiesbreeding and other genetics based technologies
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Managing environmental impact (genetic Managing environmental impact (genetic pollution)pollution)– The potential impact of translocations and genetic The potential impact of translocations and genetic
changes during domestication on natural genetic changes during domestication on natural genetic diversitydiversity
– Genetic technologies to monitor and minimize impactGenetic technologies to monitor and minimize impact
DiseasesDiseasesResearch focus on:Development of molecular probe for early detection and a rapid respond of viral diseases such as: WSSV,TSV,IHHNV, IMNV, NHPV, VNN, Irido virus.Cost-effective method of controlling certain infectious diseasesDevelopment of Probiotic and Vaccine (No antibiotic use)Development of standards health management
FeedsFeeds
Research focus on:Develop appropriate feed substitute/supplements for fish meal and live feed for hatchery produced fry/juvenile/ Grow-outDeveloping species-specific Broodstock diets that allow complete domestication and maximal reproductive and larval qualityBetter understanding of larval nutritional requirements, in order to develop suitable compound diets, which will further reduce the need for live food (Artemia)
Maggot
Maturation pellet
ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
Research Focus on: Site selection. Land capability assessment
and classification for suitable pond based and cages
aquaculture system
Develop reliable monitoring and management tools of
aquaculture environment (Planning Tool)
Promote the application of environmentally friendly aquaculture technology to remediate deterioration in water quality due to intensification.
In CBF, comprehensive and quantitative assessment of
environmental risks and impact of enhancements in
relation to complete watersheds
Holding SystemHolding System
Develop close-Develop close-recirculation recirculation system hatchery system hatchery for producing of for producing of clean, healthy clean, healthy and strong and strong seedsseedsDesign cages Design cages for offshore for offshore marine finfishmarine finfish
OPPORTUNITIESOPPORTUNITIESTo identifying opportunities, is useful to see
six general development trends of aquaculture in
Indonesia:1. Continuing in/ex-tensification of aquaculture production2. Continuing diversification of species use3. Continuing diversification of production system and
practices4. Increasing influence of markets, trade and consumers5. Enhancing regulation and improving governance6. Increasing attention on better management practices
In support of the above trends four areas of opportunities
have been identified:a. Application of innovative capacity enhancement programb. Search for new technologiesc. Development of new aquatic products, markets and
integration into eco- tourism sectord. Development of new financial product
CURRENT PRIORITYCURRENT PRIORITY
R & D is based on the principles of :“farmer participatory research” or “farmer first and last research”
Participatory research: involves small, resource-poor farmers to generate or adapt appropriate technology on farm
Best Aquaculture Practices for shrimp
Sustainable Technology– Low water exchange
system– Closed pond system– Zero water exchange
(Heterotrophic -bacteria floc) system
Environmental Friendly-- Reservoirs – Sedimentations– No chemicals or anti-
biotics– Mangrove conservationStrict Bio-security TraceabilityIntegrated system (Social & Technical)
RESEARCH PRIORITY
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MAS (marker assisted selection)
the a-marker is linked the QTL (high growth-rate)
ThanksThanks
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