Animal Tissues - srmuniv.ac.in · Animal Tissues. Categories of Tissues. Jenna Hellack Jan ....

Categories of Tissues

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UNIT XIII

Animal Tissues

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Categories of TissuesEpitheliumConnectiveMuscleNervous

Categories of Tissues

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EpitheliumLines, covers, and protects other tissues and organs.Characterized by:

Cells tightly junked togetherThe presence of a cell secretion called the basement membrane.

Named by:Cell shapeOther characteristics of the cells.

Squamous, Cuboidal, and Columnar

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Squamous EpitheliumCells very thin, much wider than they are thick.

Simple Squamous EpitheliumAir sacs of respiratoryLining of blood vessels, heart and lymphatic tubes

Stratified Squamous EpitheliumSkinVaginaEsophagusMouth

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Examples of Simple Squamous Epithelium

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Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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Cuboidal EpitheliumCells cube shaped- secretion and absorption.

Kidney tubulesDuct and small glandsSurface of ovary

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Columnar EpitheliumElongated cells, much longer than they are wide.

Simple Columnar EpitheliumA single layer of cells that line the digestive tract, gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands. Has microvilli at surface for absorption.

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Lines the bronchi, trachea, uterine tubes and some of the uterus. Propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action.

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Simple Columnar epithelium

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Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

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Connective TissueCharacterized by the cells widely separated from each other in a matrix that is produced by the cells.Tissue protects and supports.Cell Matrix composed of two regions

GroundLiquid (sol), Gel, Gum or solid

FibersNon-elastic (= white or Collagen)Elastic (= yellow fibers)

Types of Connective tissue

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Types of Connective TissueLoose (Areolar) Connective TissueDense Connective TissueAdiposeCartilageBoneBlood

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Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar)

Gel like ground with both elastic and non-elastic fibers running though the ground in many directions.

Wraps and cushions organsUnder the skin

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Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Nuclei and fibers arranged in parallel rows.Tendons and ligamentsFibers mostly non-elastic

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Adipose (Fat)Function as storage cells for adipose(lipids)Adipose cells contain a large vacuole which in the live cell contains lipids.Cell nucleus and cytoplasm are pushed out to edge of cell membrane.

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CartilageGround of matrix is gum like.Cells are found in Lacunae within the matrix.Fibers may be elastic or non-elastic, or a form of non-elastic called reticular(where the non-elastic fibers of very thin)

Hyaline Cartilage-example on the ends of bonesElastic Cartilage- example ear cartilageNon-elastic Cartilage- example nose cartilage.

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Hyaline cartilage

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Elastic Cartilage

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BoneGround of matrix is Solid (Calcium carbonate).Has blood supply and nerves running through the Haversian canal systems.

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Vascular Tissue (Blood)Liquid matrix = plasma

90% water10%Plasma proteins, electrolytes, hormones, oxygen, glucose etc.

Formed elementsErythrocytes -48billion(female) to 54 billion (male) cell / ml of blood in humans. Mammals are enucleated while rest of the vertebrates they have nucleiLeukocytes -about 7.5 million / ml of bloodPlatelets -blood clotting

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Blood

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Muscle TissueTissue with cells having fibers specialized for contraction.

Skeletal Muscle (Striated, voluntary) Parallel elongated cells (fibers) multinucleated and each cell is the length of the muscle.Light meat, Dark meat—Slow twitch, fast twitch muscle

Smooth Muscle (Visceral, involuntary)Cells are long and tapered. Organized into sheets of muscle.

Cardiac MuscleIntercalated discMyogenicbranched

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Skeletal Muscle

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Smooth Muscle

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Cardiac Muscle

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Nervous TissueCells specialized to polarize and depolarize.Cell is a neuron

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End of Tissue presentation