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Tissue Types Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

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Page 1: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Tissue TypesBody tissues are divided into 4

categories:1. Connective2. Nerve3. Muscle4. Epithelial

Page 2: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

1. Connective Tissue

-Functions: Connect, support, transportation (blood), defense, and storage (fat)

-cells are surrounded by some type of non-living matrix

-classified by their structure and the type of matrix

-there are four major classes of connective tissue with subcategories

Page 3: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

I. Fibrous, II. Bone, III. Cartilage, IV. Blood

Page 4: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

a) Loose- the stretchable fascia between organs-like an elastic glue spread between organs

I. Fibrous (have extracellular fibers)

Page 5: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

b) Adipose- fat storage under the skin -important for protection and insulation

Page 6: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

c) reticular- web like fibers of the lymphatic (immune) system

- helps filter blood - contains white blood cells to destroy

dangerous invaders

Page 7: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

d) dense- tendons and ligaments –flexible but strong

-tendon- connects muscle to bone -ligament- connects bone to bone

Page 8: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

II. Bone bone cells are called osteocytes -osteoblast- bone building cell -osteoclast-­­ bone destroying cell

the 2 cells above work together and can reshape bone

Page 9: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Cross-section of long bone

Haversian system

Osteocytes

Page 10: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

III. Cartilage chondrocytes are cartilage producing cells cartilage is avascular (no blood vessels) there are 3 subcategories of cartilage

Page 11: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

a) hyaline cartilage- shiny and smooth, at the ends of bones (linings of joints)

chondrocytes

Page 12: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

b) Fibrocartilage- strongest and most durable, “shock absorbers” (intervertebral discs, meniscus of the knee joint)

Page 13: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

c) Elastic cartilage- most flexible cartilage (ears, nose, larynx)

Page 14: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Considered a connective tissue because it is made in the bones

Hematopoiesis- the process of blood production in the red marrow of the bones

has a liquid matrix called plasma

There are 3 main types of blood cells:1) Erythrocytes- red blood cells: carry O2 (some CO2)

2) Leukocytes- white cells: kill invaders3) Thrombocytes- responsible for blood clotting by

producing platelets

IV. Blood

Page 15: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial
Page 16: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

2. Muscle TissuesAll are responsible for movement-May be voluntary or involuntary-May be striated or non-striated

Page 17: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Voluntary= may be “willed” to move

Involuntary= not controlled by thought or will

Striated= visible “stripes” on tissue

Non-striated= no visible “stripes

Page 18: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Striated and voluntary Cells are very long and thin with multiple

nuclei

I. Skeletal muscle

Page 19: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Non-striated and involuntary Cells are shorter and each with one nucleus

II. Smooth Muscle

Page 20: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Striated and involuntary Cells connect at dark “disks” and only one

nucleus per cell.

III. Cardiac muscle (heart)

Page 21: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

3. Nerve Tissue

-Rapidly regulate and integrate body activities

-2 basic kinds of cells

1. neurons=conducting cells2. glial cells= support cells

Page 22: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Soma: main body of cell (nucleus is here) Dendrites: short thin branches that carry signal

towards the soma Axon: long thin “wire” carrying signal away from

the soma Synapse: where neurons connect to transmit

signal

Important parts of a neuron:

Page 23: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Schwann Cells- wrap around the axon to insulate the “wiring” to speed nerve signal transmision

One Very Important Glial Cell:

- Responsible for the fatty white matter of the nervous system

Page 24: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

4. Epithelial Tissue-Cells are tightly packed into sheets with no “matrix” between cells

-sheets of cells attached to a “basement membrane”

-2 main types:membranousglandular

Page 25: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Classification is based on shapes and layers:

Membranous Epithelium

Page 26: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Description of Cell Shapes:Squamous -(flat and scaly)Cuboidal -(cubic)Columnar -(tall narrow column)Pseudostratified columnar -(odd columns, not

all reach the surface)

Page 27: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Description of Layers:Simple (one layer)Stratified (several layer of same cell type)

Page 28: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Simple Squamous- VERY thin. Where quick diffusion is necessary

lining of blood vessels, tiny air sacs in lungs, parts of kidney, etc.

Cross-section“flat”

Page 29: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Stratified Squamous- areas that receive friction

skin, mouth, esophagus

Cross-section

Page 30: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Cuboidal- lines many ducts and tubules

Cross-section

Page 31: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Columnar epithelium- may be ciliated with tiny “hairs” (cilia)

Non ciliated- lines gastrointestinal

tract

Ciliated- lines respiratory tract

Page 32: Body tissues are divided into 4 categories: 1. Connective 2. Nerve 3. Muscle 4. Epithelial

Synthesizes and secretes a chemical product

Glandular Epithelium

oEndocrine gland- secrete directly to bloodstream

oExocrine gland- secrete into collecting ducts

oUnicellular gland- single cells called goblet cells that produce mucous