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Animal Form and Function. Circulation and Gas Exchange Refer to pg 237-243 in Holtzclaw , Ch 42 in Campbell and media resources Also refer to AP Lab 10. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ANIMAL FORM AND FUNCTIONCirculation and Gas ExchangeRefer to pg 237-243 in Holtzclaw, Ch 42 in Campbell and media resources
Also refer to AP Lab 10
LEARNING GOAL: HOW DO ANIMALS EXCHANGE GASES AND TRANSPORT THEM INTERNALLY? WHAT ARE VARIOUS STRUCTURE/FUNCTION EXAMPLES ACROSS THE ANIMAL KINGDOM?
LEARNING INTENTIONSYou must know: The circulatory vessels, heart chambers, and
route of mammalian circulation. How red bloods cells (RBCs) demonstrate the
relationship of structure to function. The general characteristics of a respiratory
surface. The pathway a molecule of oxygen takes
from the air until it is picked up by the hemoglobin of a red blood cell.
THE CIRCULATORY VESSELS, HEART CHAMBERS, AND ROUTE OF MAMMALIAN CIRCULATION. You must exchange gas, wastes, and
nutrients at the cellular level by diffusion!
Two solutions: 1) Keep all cells in contact with environment
Gastrovascular Cavity 2) Move fluid around to tissues/cells for
exchange Circulatory System
Gastrovascular Cavity
WHAT ARE THE THREE COMPONENTS OF A CIRCULATORY SYSTEM? Circulatory System
WHAT ARE THE THREE COMPONENTS OF A CIRCULATORY SYSTEM? Blood (Circulatory Fluid) Vessels (Tubes) Heart (Pump)
IN CLOSED CIRCULATION YOU HAVE: Arteries –
Capillaries –
Veins –
IN CLOSED CIRCULATION YOU HAVE: Arteries – carry blood away from heart
Thick, lots of smooth muscle Arterioles are smaller
Capillaries – Gas/Nutrient/Waste Exchange Microscopic Walls are one-cell layer thick (significance?)
Veins – carry blood back to the heart Have valves to prevent backflow Venules are smaller
The heart has atria and ventricles
TRY THIS! TRUE OR FALSE?Capillary beds:
A. Are the site of nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues
B. Have a total cross-sectional area much smaller than the total cross-sectional area of major arteries
C. Join arterioles and venules
TRY THIS! TRUE OR FALSE?Capillary beds:
A. Are the site of nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues TRUE!
B. Have a total cross-sectional area much smaller than the total cross-sectional area of major arteries FALSE!
C. Join arterioles and venules TRUE!
VARIATIONS!
VARIATIONS!
TAKE A MOMENT TO READ AND UNDERSTAND THE PATH OF CIRCULATION ON PAGE 239 IN HOLTZCLAW
THE CARDIAC CYCLE – SYSTOLE (CONTRACTION) AND DIASTOLE (RELAXATION)
THE CARDIAC CYCLE – READ HEART RATE ON PAGE 240 IN HOLTZCLAW
BLOOD PRESSURE: READ 42.2 ON PAGE 240 IN HOLTZCLAW Analyze the graphs
BLOOD PRESSURE What happens
to cross-sectional surface area, velocity, and pressure as you move through the circulatory system?
ACTIVITY: MEASURING BLOOD PRESSURE! Experimental, not diagnostic!!!
LEARNING INTENTIONSDo you know? The circulatory vessels, heart chambers, and
route of mammalian circulation.
LEARNING INTENTIONSYou must know: The circulatory vessels, heart chambers, and
route of mammalian circulation. How red bloods cells (RBCs)
demonstrate the relationship of structure to function.
The general characteristics of a respiratory surface.
The pathway a molecule of oxygen takes from the air until it is picked up by the hemoglobin of a red blood cell.
RED BLOOD CELLS: STRUCTURE/FUNCTION Biconcave disks
Why? 250 million Hb/RBC No nuclei!
Why? No mitochondria!
Why? Produced from stem
cells in bone marrow (as are all blood cells)
RED BLOOD CELLS: STRUCTURE/FUNCTION Biconcave disks
More surface area
250 mill Hb/RBC No nuclei!
More room for Hb No mitochondria!
O2 not used up Produced from stem
cells in bone marrow (as are all blood cells)
THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESPIRATORY SURFACE Respiratory surface (skin, gills, tracheae,
lungs) are: Moist High surface area/volume ratio (folding,
branching) Closely associated with vascular system of large
animals
BREATHING
CONTROL Sense carbon
dioxide and hydrogen ion
Why hydrogen ion? Chemistry of
carbon dioxide
HEMOGLOBIN Globular protein
Subunits? Where is it made?
Can change its affinity for oxygen by slightly changing shape (Bohr Shift)
Can carry oxygen, carbon dioxide, or hydrogen ions!
Carbon dioxide usually carried as bicarbonate ions
TO DO: Read Holtzclaw and do all
activities in chapter 42 media resources (interactive animations)
Do you know? The circulatory vessels, heart
chambers, and route of mammalian circulation.
How red bloods cells (RBCs) demonstrate the relationship of structure to function.
The general characteristics of a respiratory surface.
The pathway a molecule of oxygen takes from the air until it is picked up by the hemoglobin of a red blood cell.
BioFlix!!
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