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7/21/2019 Aitor Marti Nez Jaime Ponce Non Finite Clauses
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NON-FINITE CLAUSESAitor Martnez Rolle
Jaime Ponce de Querol
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1. Introduction
2. Non-finite forms
3. Catenative constructions and verbless
4. Functions
5. Practical grammar
6. Exercises
7. Sources
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1.INTRODUCTION
Complex sentence in which there is
subordination.
Tenseless.
Features:Non-finite clause can have special subordinates (to
and for)
Can lack overt subjects despite not being
imperativemay have a non subject NP left understood
Non-finite usually replaces that-clauses.
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2.FORMS
InfinitiveBare infinitive
You had better say nothing.
To-infinitiveWe began to go to the cinema every week.
Gerund participleHe was accused of smuggling.
Past participleI want those exercises done.
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3.CATENATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
AND VERBLESS
CatenativeSubstitution of the subordinates is not possible
Some verbs such (seem, appear)can have other
categories of complement, but the function is
different than the one of a non-finite form of the verb.Two types:
Simple: Max regrets locking the door.Complex: I remember Sue locking the door.
VerblessPredicator is missing.
Usually associated with the function as an adjunct
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4.FUNCTIONS
Subject and extraposed subjectOnly to-infinitive clauses and -ing participle
clausesTo infinitive: It was clear who to nominate.
Ing participle: Driving a car is a difficult thing.Ing participle clauses with overt subject cannot be
extraposed: Oscar attempting the double somersault
should amuse you.
Complement of a POnly Ing participle clauses can complement apreposition within PP-Ing participle: We became zombies through watching
TV.
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4.FUNCTIONS
Complement of VgrpTo and bare infinitive, -ing participle and past participle.
To and bare infinitive: Her parents intend to buy her a car/ The
Devil made me do it.Ing participle: remember telling you about her visit.Past participle: I could have you dismissed on the spot
Complement of a NOnly to infinitive
His ability to think straight was severely impaired by the
experience.Complement of ATo infinitive and ing participle
To infinitive: This exercise is impossible to finish.Ing participle: Judith was busy stuffing the peppers.
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4.FUNCTIONS
AdverbialPast participle, ing participle and to infinitive
Past participle: I want those accusations investigated.Ing participle: Having sold the swamp, Buster departed.To infinitive: I go to the gym to keep fit.
Modifier of a NOMTo infinitive, -ing participle and past participle
To infinitive: He was the last person to be executed on the
guillotine.Ing participle: Who was the doctor performing the
operation?Past participle: The guns stolen in the break-in were
recovered.
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5.PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
Uses of the infinitiveTo express purpose
He went to France to learn French
In order+to+infinitive: either the subject wants to
perform the action or he wants it to happen
When purpose is less immediate
She gave up work in order to have more time
with her children.
To emphasize that it expresses purpose
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5.PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
When there is a personal object but we want
the infinitive to refer unambiguously to the
subjectHe sent his sons to a boarding school in order to have
some peace.
To emphasize that the subject really had the
purpose in mind
Infinitive+noun+prepositionI want a case to keep my records in
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5.PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
Connect two clausesHe survived the clash only to die in the desert.
To replace relative clausesShe was the only to survive the crash (the only one
who survived)
After nouns or pronouns to show they can be
used or what is to be done with themI have letters to write.
As sentence adverbialsTo be perfectly honest
To be fair
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5.PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
GerundAs a subject of a sentence
As a complement of a verb
After prepositionsIm tired of being here.
Phrasal verbsIm looking forward to meeting her.
In noun compounds
A diving boardVerbs+possessive adjective/ pronoun+gerund
He insisted on me reading the letter.Tom insisted on reading the letter.
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5.PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
ParticipleAs an adjective
To replace relative clauses
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6.EXERCISES
The sentences below are a diverse set of
examples taken from different sources. Look at
them and:
a)Identify the non-finite forms.
b)Identify the subordinate clause to which they
belong.
c)Replace, if possible, with a that-clause or arelative clause.
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6.EXERCISES
From @smoshanthony, via Twitter
A joke in our new vid was similar to the one made by @thetomska.
Weve seen his videos but never the one with the similar joke. Id
like to apologize for somehow using the same joke despite never
seeing the video. We have much respect for you, @thethomska,and would never intentionally steal from you.
From BBC News
An air and sea search is called off for four British yachtsmen
missing in the Atlantic after their boat began taking in water.
Thousands of people line the streets of north London to celebrate
Arsenals FA Cup final victory over Hull
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6.EXERCISES
Stars including Olivia Colman and Mark Gatiss gather on the red
carpet
The search for a crew member from Brecon missing from his
vessel in the Mediterranean Sea has been called off.
An RAF spy plane has left the UK to help search for 223
schoolgirls abducted by Islamic militants in Nigeria.
From Parkour Generations
Le Parkour, originally named Lart du Deplacement, thoughcrystallised into its current guise by the yamakasi sometime in
the 1980s, is a practice
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6.EXERCISES
It has a drawn on a myriad of sources, been inspired by a number
of notable individuals and evolved through several traditions to
arrive at the modern discipline.
For many practitioners the goal is to master their own physical
vessel, to sophisticate their mobility and improve their overall
agility.Yet more walk the path for esoteric reasons, finding philosophy
and contemplating the way as they go.
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7.SOURCES
Huddleston, R. & G. Pullum. (2006). A Students
Introduction to English Grammar. . Cambridge:
C.U.P
Burton-Roberts, N. (1997/2010). Analysing
Sentences. London and New York: Longman.
Quirk, Randolph & Greenbaum, Sidney (1973). A
university grammar of English. Longman,
[Harlow]
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