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Africa During the Post classical Africa During the Post classical PeriodPeriod
African Kingdom Similarities and African Kingdom Similarities and DifferencesDifferences
Common Elements Common Elements in African Societiesin African Societies
Bantu migrationBantu migration AnimismAnimism lineage important in lineage important in
relation with godrelation with god
The Arrival of The Arrival of Islam in North Islam in North AfricaAfrica
Arrival of Islam Arrival of Islam (Spain, by 711)(Spain, by 711)
Berber AlmoravidsBerber Almoravids AlmohadsAlmohads succeed succeed
Berbers, 12th centuryBerbers, 12th century
The Christian The Christian Kingdoms: Nubia Kingdoms: Nubia and Ethiopiaand EthiopiaCoptsCopts
Egyptian ChristiansEgyptian Christians spread to Nubia spread to Nubia
(Kush)(Kush)
EthiopiaEthiopia
Empires of AfricaEmpires of Africa Kingdoms of the Kingdoms of the
GrasslandsGrasslands CaravansCaravans Sahel - transfer pointSahel - transfer point
Sudanic StatesSudanic States Rulers sacredRulers sacred IslamIslam
The Empire of Mali The Empire of Mali Malinke peoples from Malinke peoples from
GhanaGhana Agriculture, gold tradeAgriculture, gold trade Sundiata (d.1260)Sundiata (d.1260)
the “Lion Prince”the “Lion Prince” mansamansa (ruler) (ruler) expanded stateexpanded state
MansaMansa Kankan Kankan MusaMusa pilgrimage pilgrimage Ishal al-Sahili (Sp. Ishal al-Sahili (Sp.
Architect) Architect) beaten clay beaten clay
architecturearchitecture
Empires of the Western Sudan
African KingdomsAfrican Kingdoms
City Dwellers City Dwellers and Villagersand Villagers
Jenne, TimbuktuJenne, Timbuktu
thrive with thrive with expansionexpansion
Some merchantsSome merchants Religious Religious
diffusion?diffusion? Majority farmersMajority farmers
The Songhay Kingdom The Songhay Kingdom (Capital: Gao)(Capital: Gao)
Middle Niger valleyMiddle Niger valley Independent by 700Independent by 700 Muslim by 1010Muslim by 1010 Sunni Ali (1464-1492)Sunni Ali (1464-1492) Hausa states, northern Hausa states, northern
NigeriaNigeria Muslim centerMuslim center
Political and Social Life in Political and Social Life in the Sudanic Statesthe Sudanic States
Fusion of traditionsFusion of traditions
Swahili Swahili CoastCoast
The Swahili Coast of East The Swahili Coast of East AfricaAfrica
Trading portsTrading ports Muslim influenceMuslim influence Cultural diffusion and synthesisCultural diffusion and synthesis
The Coastal Trading Ports The Coastal Trading Ports (*Mogadishu*(*Mogadishu*, Mombasa, Malindi, , Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Pate, Zanzibar)Kilwa, Pate, Zanzibar) Don’t need to know, just be familiarDon’t need to know, just be familiar
MadagascarMadagascar SEA importsSEA imports
Blended cultureBlended culture
The Swahili Coast
Swahili Coast (cont’d)Swahili Coast (cont’d) The Mixture of Cultures on the The Mixture of Cultures on the
Swahili CoastSwahili Coast Islam unifiesIslam unifies
Other CharacteristicsOther Characteristics Egalitarian/homogenous to Egalitarian/homogenous to
cosmopolitan/diversecosmopolitan/diverse
Key Exports & ImportsKey Exports & Imports
Two distinct “trading seasons”Two distinct “trading seasons”
Connection to China?Connection to China? When did this exchange with China end?When did this exchange with China end?
Africa During the Post classical Africa During the Post classical PeriodPeriod
African Kingdom Similarities and African Kingdom Similarities and DifferencesDifferences
Common Elements in Common Elements in African SocietiesAfrican Societies
Bantu migrationBantu migration one language baseone language base AnimismAnimism cosmologycosmology ethical codeethical code lineage important in lineage important in
relation with godrelation with god
The Arrival of Islam in The Arrival of Islam in North AfricaNorth Africa
Part of MediterraneanPart of Mediterranean Arrival of Islam (Spain, by Arrival of Islam (Spain, by
711)711) Berber AlmoravidsBerber Almoravids western Sahara, western Sahara,
assist conversionassist conversionAlmohadsAlmohads
succeed Berbers, succeed Berbers, 12th century12th century
The Christian Kingdoms: The Christian Kingdoms: Nubia and EthiopiaNubia and EthiopiaCoptsCopts
Egyptian ChristiansEgyptian Christians welcome Muslimswelcome Muslims spread to Nubia spread to Nubia
(Kush)(Kush)
EthiopiaEthiopia heirs to Axumheirs to Axum King LalibelaKing Lalibela
Empires of AfricaEmpires of Africa II. Kingdoms of the II. Kingdoms of the
GrasslandsGrasslands Caravans across SaharaCaravans across Sahara Sahel (grasslands)Sahel (grasslands) transfer pointtransfer point
A. Sudanic StatesA. Sudanic States Rulers sacredRulers sacred IslamIslam from 900sfrom 900s supports statesupports state
B. The Empire of Mali B. The Empire of Mali and Sundiata, the and Sundiata, the “Lion Prince”“Lion Prince”
Malinke peoples from Malinke peoples from GhanaGhana
Agriculture, gold tradeAgriculture, gold trade Sundiata (d.1260)Sundiata (d.1260) mansamansa (ruler) (ruler) expanded stateexpanded state
Mansa Kankan MusaMansa Kankan Musa pilgrimage to Meccapilgrimage to Mecca
Floods land with goldFloods land with gold brings back Ishal al-Sahilibrings back Ishal al-Sahili architect from Muslim architect from Muslim
SpainSpain beaten clay architecturebeaten clay architecture
Empires of the Western Sudan
African KingdomsAfrican Kingdoms City Dwellers and City Dwellers and
VillagersVillagers Jenne, TimbuktuJenne, Timbuktu
thrive with thrive with expansion of Mali, expansion of Mali, SonghaySonghayMandinka Mandinka juulajuula
Some merchantsSome merchants Religious diffusion?Religious diffusion?
Farmers the Farmers the majoritymajority
The Songhay Kingdom The Songhay Kingdom (Capital: (Capital: Gao)Gao)
Middle Niger valleyMiddle Niger valley Independent by 700Independent by 700 Muslim by 1010Muslim by 1010 Sunni Ali (1464-1492)Sunni Ali (1464-1492) expanded territoryexpanded territory successors: successors: askiaaskia Defeated by Morocco, 1591Defeated by Morocco, 1591 Hausa states, northern Hausa states, northern
NigeriaNigeria Kano becomes Kano becomes
Muslim centerMuslim center
E. Political and Social Life in the E. Political and Social Life in the Sudanic StatesSudanic States
Fusion of Muslim, Fusion of Muslim, indigenous traditionsindigenous traditions
Swahili Swahili CoastCoast
The Swahili Coast of East AfricaThe Swahili Coast of East Africa Trading portsTrading ports
Muslim influence strongMuslim influence strong Rest of population remains traditionalRest of population remains traditional Significangt cultural diffusion and synthesisSignificangt cultural diffusion and synthesis
The Coastal Trading Ports The Coastal Trading Ports (*Mogadishu*(*Mogadishu*, , Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Pate, Zanzibar)Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Pate, Zanzibar) Don’t need to know, just be familiarDon’t need to know, just be familiar
MadagascarMadagascar southeast Asian immigrants, bring bananas, southeast Asian immigrants, bring bananas,
coconutscoconuts
Blended cultureBlended culture Bantu, IslamicBantu, Islamic SwahiliSwahili spreads along coastspreads along coast trade with Asiatrade with Asia
The Swahili Coast
Swahili Coast (cont’d)Swahili Coast (cont’d) The Mixture of Cultures on the The Mixture of Cultures on the
Swahili CoastSwahili Coast Islam unifies along with SwahiliIslam unifies along with Swahili
Other CharacteristicsOther Characteristics Egalitarian and homogenous to Egalitarian and homogenous to
cosmopolitan and diversecosmopolitan and diverse Key ExportsKey Exports
Ivory, gold, iron, slaves, exotic animalsIvory, gold, iron, slaves, exotic animals Key ImportsKey Imports
Textiles, Silks, porcelain (China and India)Textiles, Silks, porcelain (China and India) When during the year did this take When during the year did this take
place?place? Two distinct “trading seasons”Two distinct “trading seasons”
What was the connection between What was the connection between the Swahili Coast and China?the Swahili Coast and China?
When did this exchange with China When did this exchange with China end?end?
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