Addressing Food Safety in Animal Source Foods for Improved ......Value Chain CommodiXes • October...

Addressing Food Safety in Animal Source Foods for Improved Nutrition

Speakers:AndrewBisson(USAID),HungNguyen-Viet(ILRI),SilviaAlonso(ILRI),DennisKaramuzi

(LandO’Lakes)

Moderators:CarlaFernandezdeCastro(KDAD)andJenniferLane(LandO’Lakes)

January25,2017

Livestock, Animal Source Foods & Household Nutri;on Learning Series

•  May4,2017–AnimalSourceFoods:EvidenceInformedProjectDesignforNutriXonImpact(Nairobi,Kenya)

•  June2016-Livestock&Livelihoods:MeasuringandPromoXngNutrientRich-ValueChainCommodiXes

•  October2016-LivestockMarkets,AnimalSourceFoods&HumanNutriXon:BalancingProgramTensions,MaximizingImpact&AvoidingHarm

•  January2017–AddressingFoodSafetyConcernsinAnimalSourceFoodsforImprovedHouseholdNutriXon

h_ps://www.landolakes.org/Where-We-Work/Africa/Kenya/Livestock-Household-NutriXon-Learning-Series

jklane@landolakes.com

Andrew Bisson, USAID Bureau for Food Security Andrew Bisson is the Livestock Adviser for the Bureau for Food

Security at USAID. Andrew gained his DVM at Glasgow Veterinary

School, UK and worked in small holder private veterinary practice

before completing an MSc in Tropical Veterinary Medicine at

Edinburgh University. He has field experience working with pastoral

and small holder livestock production systems, strengthening animal

health service delivery including community-based animal health,

transboundary and zoonotic disease control, Avian Influenza control

and One-Health, livestock market system development and resilience

building with a focus on dryland communities. He has lived and

worked in a number of countries in East and West Africa, Asia and the

Middle East through appointments with DFID, Tufts University, FAO,

ACDI-VOCA, FHI and Mercy Corps prior to joining BFS.

Hung Nguyen-Viet, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Hung Nguyen-Viet is the acting regional representative for East and

Southeast Asia and senior scientist in food safety and Ecohealth at the

International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). He is based in Hanoi

and a honorary professor at the Hanoi University of Public Health

(HUPH). Prior to HUPH and ILRI, he completed a postdoc with the

Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute in Basel, Switzerland. Dr.

Nguyen-Viet’s research focuses on the link between health and

agriculture, food safety, infectious and zoonotic diseases with an

emphasis on the use of integrative approaches (One Health and

Ecohealth). He co-founded and led the Center for Public Health and

Ecosystem Research (CENPHER) at the HUPH until 2013. Since 2012

he has been coordinating the regional program “Ecohealth Field

Building Leadership Initiative in Southeast Asia.

Silvia Alonso, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Silvia Alonso works for ILRI, as a Scientist epidemiologist in the Animal

and Human Health team. She is a veterinarian with postgraduate

training in epidemiology and public health. She graduated in veterinary

medicine in Spain and completed a PhD in food safety at the University

of Bologna, Italy, where she also worked for few years as a research

assistant. She holds a MSc in Epidemiology from the London School of

Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and is a Diplomate of the European

College of Veterinary Public Health. Before joining ILRI, Silvia worked

for 5 years as a lecturer at the Royal Veterinary College where she

gained experience in teaching and training at undergraduate and

postgraduate level, both nationally and internationally. Her research

looks at the interface between livestock production and human health,

including nutrition.

Dennis Karamuzi, USAID Rwanda Dairy Sector Competitiveness Project II Dennis Karamuzi will outline the steps taken by the

Government of Rwanda (GoR) and RDCPII in increasing the

supply of clean milk for both rural and urban consumers.

Working directly with milk collection centers and farmer

cooperatives, the USAID Feed the Future funded RDCPII

and GoR increased the supply of clean milk available to

processors while decreasing the overall supply of adulterated

milk. Using a multipronged approach, the project tackled the

issue of improving accountability of producers and

processors for clean milk while also increasing the supply

and affordability of milk.

Animal Source Foods and Food Borne Diseases: The Good, the Bad and the Challenges

Speaker:AndrewBisson,USAIDBureauforFoodSecurity

Animal Source Foods (ASF) and Food borne diseases: The Good, the Bad and the Challenges

Outline

•  Rising Demand for Animal Source Foods

•  Animal Source Foods and their contribution to the burden of food borne disease

•  Key challenges of informal ASF marketing systems

The important role of livestock and animal source foods

•  Increasing incomes and poverty alleviation

•  Improved nutritional outcomes

•  Building resilience

Photocred

it:LandO’Lakes

Photocredit:LandO’Lakes

Drivers shaping ASF systems

GovernanceandEnablingenvironment

•  Policies•  InsXtuXons•  RegulaXon•  Infrastructure•  CommunicaXons/

educaXon

StrugglingtokeeppacewithsurginggrowthindemandforASF

PopulaXongrowth&urbanizaXon

FoodSystem

Economicdevelopment

AgriculturalintensificaXon

GlobalizaXon

NutriXonaltransformaXon

Causes of foodborne disease?

•  Microbialpathogens(viruses,bacteria)

•  Foodborneparasites(Helminthsandprotozoa)

•  Toxins(includingmycotoxins&chemicals)(linkageswithstunXngandimmunosuppression)

30-80%ofFBDareASForigin

Diarrhoealdiseasesresponsiblefor>½globalburdenofFBD

WHO Global Estimates and Regional Comparisons of the Burden of Foodborne Disease in 2010 (Havelaar et al, 2015)

Africa S&EAsia

Europe

RegionalvariaXoninburdenofFBDandtheunderlyingcauses

Wet markets and the informal sector •  MostFBDistheresultofconsuming

fresh,perishablefoodsfrominformalmarkets

(formalmarketsnotnecessarilysafe)

•  Regulatorycontrolisdifficultininformalmarkets(Donoharm!)

•  Needtobalancetrade-offsbetweenfoodsafety,livelihoodsandaccesstoASFs(‘meatinthemiddle’)

Practical solutions in low resource settings: •  ‘Farmtofork’approach

•  Useofriskmanagement

•  Recognize/supporttheriskladeninformalsector

•  Stakeholderengagementandtraining

•  CreateinclusivepathwaystoformalizaXon

•  AlignimprovedpoliciesandpracXcestoincenXvesandmoXvaXonsofactorsandconsumers

•  Useofappropriatetechnologies

•  Strengthenpolicy/foodsystemgovernance

Photo:LandofLakes

Risk assessment for food safety management in Vietnam

Speaker: Hung Nguyen-Viet, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) & Hanoi

University of Public Health

ContribuXon•  DeliaGrace

•  FredUnger

•  MaxBarot

•  LucyLapar

•  DangXuanSinh

•  TranTuyetHanh

•  PhamDucPhuc

•  HoangVanMinh

•  TranThiNgan

•  NaXonalFoodSafetyRiskAssessmentTaskforce

Outline

•  AnimalsourcefoodandfoodsafetyininformalmarketsinVietnam

•  Evidencefromriskassessmentforfoodsafety:porkandfishvaluechainswithinaOnehealth/Ecohealthcontext

•  FromfoodsafetyresearchtopolicytranslaXon

FoodsafetyinVietnam

•  FoodsafetyamongthemostpressingissuesforpeopleinVietnam,moreimportantthaneducaXonorhealthcare

•  Vietnamhasamodernfoodsafetylegisla9onsystembuttheuseofriskbasedapproachislimited

•  RiskpercepXontowardschemicalhazardsisimportant

•  Willingtopay5-10%premiumforfoodsafety

•  FoodexportsrelaXvelywellmanagedbutdeficitsindomes9cmarkets

ImportanceofporkforfoodsecurityinVietnam

PorkisanimportantcomponentoftheVietnamesediet•  Morethan70%ofconsumedmeatispork,27kg/capita/year

•  83%producedbyverysmallorsmallfarms

•  76%ofpigsareprocessedinsmallslaughtering,nearly30,000

•  Preferenceforfresh“warm”porksuppliedinretail

tradiXonalmarkets(80%ofallporkmarketed)•  affordable,addresslocaldemands•  orenescapeeffecXvecontrol

–  f

•  ConsumpXonofriskyporkproductsiscommon

(rawfermented/bloodpudding)

Riskassessment•  Salmonellariskpathwaysdevelopedforproducers,slaughterhouseand

consumers,quanXtaXvemicrobialriskassessment(QMRA)riskforconsumer•  Chemicalriskassessment

1275samples(farms,slaughterhouse,market)collectedduring1year

PigRISK:PorksafetyinVietnam(2012-2017)

Farm Transporta+ontoSH Slaughterhouse Consumers Retailer

•  Feedinbags,remainingfeedsatthecages,environment

•  Pork•  Liver•  Kidney

•  ConsumpXonsurvey

Actor Sampletype Prev(%)Producer Drinkwater 19.4

Producer Floorswab 36.1

Producer Wastewater 38.9

Slaughterhouse Carcassswab 38.9

Slaughterhouse Feces 33.6

Slaughterhouse Mesenteric 35.6

Slaughterhouse Floorswab 22.4

Slaughterhouse Water 20.4Market Overall 34.1

PigRISK-microbial(Salmonella)contamina9on

Selectedkeyresults:QMRA

Streptococcussuisinslaughterpigs(N=147):S.suistype2,lowprevalence(1.4%)

Poten9alriskbehaviorssuchasconsumpXonof“Tietcanh”(rawpigbloodfood)wascommoninslaughterhouseworkers(43.1%)

Cross-contamina9onsurvey(Salmonella)(N=153):usingthesamecuwngboardinducedthehighestriskofcross-contaminaXonwithSalmonella(66.7%),followedbythesameknife(11.1%)respecXvely

HealthriskbyQMRA:

- Theannualincidencerateofsalmonellosis:12.6%(90%CI:0.5–42.6).

- Thefactorsmostinfluencingtherisk:householdporkhandlingprac9ceandprevalenceinporksoldinthemarket.

DangXuanSinhetal,2017,IJPH

PigRISK-chemicalhazards

514pigfeed,kidney,liverandporksampleswerepooledinto18sampleswereanalyzedforanXbioXcresidues,β-agonists,andheavymetals,comparedwithcurrentregulaXons.Presenceofbannedsubstances(e.g.chloramphenicolandthegrowthpromotersalbutamolinpigfeedandsoldpork)

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TuyetHanhetal,2017,IJPH

Selectedkeyresults:Chemicalriskassessment

Mostofsamples:negaXveordidnotexceedcurrentMRL

TuyetHanhetal,2017,IJPH

Contaminatedfishandhealthriskinanintegratedagriculturesystem

Health and environmental issues & livestock?

Crop Livestock

Fishery

Nguyen-Vietetal,2014

Riskassessment:fishfromwastewaterinHanamprovince

•  WastewaterfromHanoiandsanitaXonsystemàcanalàfishcontaminatedbyheavymetalandpathogensàhealthrisk

•  ConducXngariskassessmentoftapalia

Toanetal(2014)

Riskassessment:fishfromwastewaterinHanamprovince

•  TilapiafromNhueriver.

•  HighlycontaminatedPblevel,butlowriskforXlapia

•  Localpeopleseemtobeawareoftherisk,theysellcontaminatedfish/vegetablestoothertowns

Toanetal(2014)

Pb Cd

NOAEL 1 , 4 m g / k g /day(2)

0,01mg/kg/day

LOAEL 0 , 5 m g / k g /day(2)

3,5-7,5 mg/kg/day2)

MRL 10µg/dl(3) 0,1µg/kg/day TDI 25µg/kg/week 25µg/kg/day

TDI Talapiaconsump9onper

Time/day month

Pb(µg) 7,8±4,61 9,7±5,76

Cd(µg) 0,35±0,206 1,88±1,113

Mẫu n Posi9ve(%) Pb(µg/kg) Cd(µg/kg)

Pb Cd µ µ Canalwater 27 100 40,7 3,7 0,04 Talapia 27 100 96,3 149 5,6

Keymessagesfromporkandfishriskassessment

•  “OneHealth”foodsafetyriskassessment

•  RiskmispercepXon:whatpeopleworryaboutandwhatmakesthemsickarenotthesame

•  Chemicalriskislowinbothporkandfish•  Salmonellariskishigh(annualincidencerate

ofsalmonellosiswasesXmatedtobe12.6%)•  ThefactorsmostinfluencingtheesXmatewere

householdporkhandlingpracXcefollowedbyprevalenceinporksoldinthecentralmarket.

Policytransla9on:foodsafety

MeeXngwithDeputyPrimeMinisterVietnam,2Dec2016(Photo:TuyetHanh)

2011 2012

2016

MeeXngwithVFA,Photo:CENPHERMeeXngwithDAHPhoto:CENPHER

TopTakeaways

PorkandfishareimportantforVietnamesediet.Balancebetweenformaland“wet/tradiXonal”marketsRiskassessment:usefultoolforfoodsafetymanagementbutadaptaXonandcapacityareneededRiskmispercepXon:whatpeopleworryaboutandwhatmakesthemsickarenotthesameControl&commandapproachesdon’tworkbutsoluXonsbasedonworkingwiththeinformalsectormorepromisingFoodsafetypolicyinfluence:persistence,opportunisXcandXmesensiXve

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Improving markets to protect food access: an intervention in informal dairy markets in Kenya

Speakers: Silvia Alonso, International Livestock Research Institute

Milk–thewhitegold

HighlynutriXous:•  Macro/micronutrients•  Highbioavailability•  improveanthropometricindices•  reducenutriXonaldeficienciesamong

undernourishedchildren

ComparedtootherASF:•  Verysuitableforchildren•  Moreavailable•  Moreaffordable

Rawmilk

Mostavailableandaffordableformofdairyinmanylowincomecountries

InruralareasinLICfreshrawmilkiseasilyavailable(incl.self-producXon)

Inurbanareasco-existswithpasteurizedmilk:

q WidedistribuXonchannels(incl.doortodoor)q Cheaperq Tastepreferenceq Culturalvalues

Rawmilkandpublichealth

Concernsoverthesafetyofrawmilk

v  IsitahealthriskinKenya?

v  Ispasteurizedmilksafer?

Rawmilkandpublichealth

Concernsoverthesafetyofrawmilk

v  IsitahealthriskinKenya?

v  Ispasteurizedmilksafer?

PUBLICHEALTHINTERVENTIONSINKENYA

•  BasedonincreasedregulaXonandpenalizaXonofrawmilk

VCactors(unsuccessful)

•  PromoXngsellingofboiledmilk

•  BanrawmilkVCandpromotepasteurizaXon

The“informal”(rawmilk)dairysector

Ø Poorinfrastructure,lackofcoldchain,informalagreementmechanismsbetweenactors,orenunlicensed,poorlyregulated(governmentandself-regulaXon)

The“informal”(rawmilk)dairysector

Ø Poorinfrastructure,lackofcoldchain,informalagreementmechanismsbetweenactors,orenunlicensed,poorlyregulated(governmentandself-regulaXon)

Ø But…InformaldairymarketshaveanessenXalroleinatleastthreemainaspects:

q Foodsecurity(especiallydietandnutriXonneedsofchildren)q SourceoflivelihoodsforthepopulaXon(higherpricesforproducers,

givesjobstoagoodamountofpeople)q Supportwomenandyouth

Abanintheinformalsector

Ø Abanofrawmilkcouldhaveunintendedconsequences

Ø  livelihoodsofmanypeopleØ  accesstonutriXousfoodØ  Increasedpriceofpasteurizedmilk

Abanintheinformalsector

Ø Abanofrawmilkcouldhaveunintendedconsequences

Ø  livelihoodsofmanypeopleØ  accesstonutriXousfoodØ  Increasedpriceofpasteurizedmilk

Whileinthelongtermmarketswillformalize,intheshortandmediumtermsintervenXonsthat

seektosuppressinformalmarketscanbeineffec9ve,an9-poorandgender-inequitable

Sodowin-winop9onsexistthatwillprotectnutri9onandlivelihoodsprovidedbythesemarketsands9llprotectpublichealth?

Upscalingtheinformalmarket

TrainingandcerXficaXon

Milkquality/milkhygienebusinessskills/valueaddiXonSustainable/self-sustained

Upscalingtheinformalmarket

TrainingandcerXficaXon

Milkquality/milkhygienebusinessskills/valueaddiXonSustainable/self-sustained

FINDINGS:

•  Improvedmilksafety

•  Happytraders/customers

•  Limitedgovernmentbuy-in

•  Successfulinothercontexts

GivingT&Canotherchance!

“MoreMilk:makingthemostofmilk”project(2016-2021)

TCMschemetoimprovemilksafetyandhealth&nutri=onoutcomesinchildreninperi-urbanNairobi

• Training:milkquality,safetyandhygiene

• CerXficaXon:“qualitymark”

• MarkeXng:milkconsumpXonmessagestomothers/consumers

MoreMilkforbe_erhealthandnutriXon

Milksafetyandquality

PromoXonmilkconsumpXon

Traders

MoreMilkforbe_erhealthandnutriXon

Milksafetyandquality

-Pathogens

-AdulteraXon+Quality

PromoXonmilkconsumpXon

Traders

MoreMilkforbe_erhealthandnutriXon

Milksafetyandquality

-Pathogens

-AdulteraXon+Quality

-Diarrhea/FBD-Waste

Be_ernutriXon

PromoXonmilkconsumpXon

Traders

MoreMilkforbe_erhealthandnutriXon

Milksafetyandquality

-Pathogens

-AdulteraXon+Quality

-Diarrhea/FBD-Waste

Be_ernutriXon

PromoXonmilkconsumpXon

+ConsumpXon

-Waste

Traders

MoreMilkforbe_erhealthandnutriXon

Milksafetyandquality

-Pathogens

-AdulteraXon+Quality

-Diarrhea/FBD-Waste

Be_ernutriXon

PromoXonmilkconsumpXon

+ConsumpXon

-Waste

Traders

Higherreturns

Moreloyalcustomers

Takehomemessages

•  Rawmilkandrawmilkmarkets–essenXalrolesinmanycountries(nutriXon,health,livelihoods)

•  Can’tlookatfoodsafetyinisolaXon•  FoodsafetyintervenXons:onesizeDOESNOTalwaysfitall.IntervenXonsthatpenalizeinformalactorscandomoreharmthangood.

•  TakeholisXclookatproblemandfindinnova9veapproaches

•  Light-touchinterven9onsininformalmarketscanimprovefoodsafety,andcontributetoimprovedhealthandnutriXonoutcomes.

A Multipronged Approach to Cleaning Up the Milk Supply in Rwanda

Speaker:DennisKaramuzi,LandO’LakesInternaXonalDevelopment

RDCPIIPartnership:A10-yearInvestment

q  USAID:projectfunder$14,999,988q  LandO’LakesInterna9onalDevelopment:leadprojectimplementerq  ABS-TCM,NairobiKenya:trainingonanimalhusbandryq  INSPIRED:DevelopingfinancialproductsfordairyfarmerswithRwandan

banksq  UniversityofCalifornia,Davis:TrainingonmasXXsprevenXon,animalcare

andmilksafety.

RDCPI(2007-2012): RDCPII(2012-2017):Limitedregionalfocus,fewmilkingcows,lowsectormarke9ngcapacity,nascentconsumerdemand

BuildsonGORsectorpolicy,sector-levelleadership,growingurbaniza9onandmiddleclassdemand,newinvestmentintransport,processing,retail

Sejngtheagenda-NDS

RDCPIIGoal“RwandanDairyProductsCompe99veinregionalmarkets’’

NDSGoal

“A compe99ve dairy sector providing quality dairy productswhichareaffordable,availableandaccessibletoallRwandansand other consumers in the region (Dairy Sector WorkingGroup,July2012).”

Producer

Producer

ProducerAggrega9on

PointMilk

Collec9onCenter

LargeProcessors

RawMilkVendors

CooageProcessors

PrimaryProducer

MilkCollec9onCenter

MilkProcessingPlants

MilkSellers,Supermarkets,MilkBars&

KiosksEndUser

InputsupportFeedplans

BreedingplansHerdHealth

QualityTrainingEquipment&

KiwngIncenXvesSystem

QualityTrainingEquipment&

KiwngQMS

QMSIncenXvebased

pricingRelaXons

PUSHeffect-produc9on PULLeffect-consump9on

Policy–enablingenvironment

RDCPII

NaXonalDairy

StrategyMasXXscontrolstrategy

MinisterialOrder

Appropriatepolythenepackaging

advocacyfordairysector

DairySectorWorkingGroups

RNDP

Schoolfeeding/MilkconsumpXonprogram

REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL RESOURCES (MINAGRI)

National Dairy Strategy

April 2013

MilkQualitychallenges

q  Lackofenforcementofmilkqualityregula9ons

q  Noincen9vesprovidedforimprovedqualitymilk

q  Limitedcoldchainq  Tradi9onalconsumerpreferences

dictatequalityexpecta9onsq  Limitedprocessingfacili9esq  Lackofelectricityinsomeareasq  LimitedPackagingmaterials

Qualityofmilkapriority

MilkQuality

q  Combining‘Sorware’and‘Hardware’toachievequalitygoals

q  DevelopmentoftheSealofQualityConcept

q  Distribu9onofmilkqualitytes9ngkits

q  Enhancingmilktransportlogis9csq  Advoca9ngforcer9fica9on

servicesthroughsupporttoRALISq  Trainedcheesemakersandtheir

staffaboutmilkquality,tes9ng,processingandmarke9ngoftheirdairyproducts.

SOQ-enabledMilkCollectors

q  IndividualMCCsaggregatemilkfromhundredsofsmallproducerswith1or2cows–highriskofcontaminatedmilkenteringbulkcoolingtanks

q  SOQ-enabledmilkcollectors–“Gate-keeper”forrawmilkqualitypushedtoaggrega=onpointsthatcanensurecompliancefromproducers

q  LessmilkrejectedfromMCCs

q  Providesinstantfeedbacktoproduceronmilkquality

FROMHERE(Usingbansandbamboo) TOHERE(BatchPasteurizer–1000liters)

FROMHERE(Pooropera9ngarea) TOHERE(Cleanarea,Qualitybuoer)

MilkZones

q  Kigali’srawmilktradi9onallymarketedthrough“kiosks”–shopswithstainlesssteeltanksthatdon’talwaysproperlycoolmilk.

q  Cost-effec9veforconsumers,whocanavoidcostlypackagingbypurchasingsmallquanXXesofmilk

q  BeforeRDCPII,kioskshadveryliolesanita9onoversightbyauthoriXes

q  BulkmilksoldintheMilkZoneisscreenedandpasteurized

q  Linksbestprac9cesforrawmilksafetywithconsumerdemandforlowcostandconvenience

.

ShishaWumva

q  Milkconsump9oncampaignthatassociatesmilkwithahealthybody

q  Backedbybestprac9cesatfarm,MCC,processorandretailoutlet

q  Linkstheen9resectoraroundbestpracXcesformilksafetyandquality

q  Allowsfordifferen9a9onfrom“informalmarket”

q  Promotesconsumerdemandq  Promotesinvestorconfidence

Shisha Wumva: Feel the Goodness

Complementaryto“onecupperchild”

Multipronged Approach

Seal Of Quality

Cleaner

Safer Affordable Available

Accessible

MILK products for ALL

2 ON-FARM testing of MILK – extended accountability along value chain

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Bulk tank sales of clean MILK into consumer container at desired amount

Processor collaboration with milk collection centers

1 Increased access to affordable, nutritious, cleaner MILK

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8 Nationwide Milk Consumption Promotion Campaign

Balance between PUSH & PULL elements is ESSENTIAL

Incentive Based Payments for adhering to MILK safety standards

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5 Government policy enforcement of clean MILK standards

Thankyou

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Nutri9ousANDSafeAnimalSourceFoodsTherearestrongdemanddriversbutalsosignificantmicrobialfoodbornediseaserisks.Integratefoodsafetyintoag-nutriXonprogramming

Useriskassessmentandriskmanagementtoachievegreatestimpact

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FarmtoFork-Implementcontrolmeasures(goodpracXces,technologies,behaviorsandregulaXon)acrossthefoodsystem

Bigcarrots,smalls9cks-BalancelighttouchregulatoryapproacheswithposiXvesupporttostakeholdersandcreateincenXvestomeetrealisXcstandards

Workwiththeinformalsector;idenXfyincenXvestocontrolrisksandprovideaninclusivepathwaytoformalizaXonappropriatetocultureandcontext

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Contact: jmaccartee@usaid.gov or koplanick@usaid.gov

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