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basic information on Akava and its members
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2012
A Glance at AkavaHighly educated in the Finnish labour market
A Glance at Akava 2012
Contents
Akava 2012 3
Akava and the labour market 4
Extending working careers 10
Wellbeing at work 15
Salaries 19
Taxation of employees 24
Education 28
Entrepreneurship 31
Union membership 33
2
This publication can be found on the Internet at www.akava.fi/en/Printing house: Kirjapaino Uusimaa, 2012ISBN: 978-952-5628-52-4
A Glance at Akava 2012
Akava 2012
Akava, the Confederation of Unions for Professional and Managerial Staff in Finland, is one of the three independent trade union confederations in Finland
Akava’s 35 affiliates have a total membership of 573,000 including approx. 107,000 student members
Akava’s unionisation rate is about 70 per cent. 27 per cent of trade union members in Finland are Akava members.
Akava represents the interests of professionals and managerial staff and others with a high level of education.
Akava oversees its members’ economic, professional and other common interests.
3
A Glance at Akava 2012
Akava and the labour market
Three out of four Akava members are in permanent full-time employment. Atypical work is common among young women. In 2010, 39,000 Akava members were employed on a fixed-term employment contract. Of these, 78% were unable to get permanent employment, though they wanted it.
50% of highly educated individuals work in the private sector. 29% are employed by local authorities and one in ten is employed by the government. 8% are entrepreneurs or self-employed.
Akava members mainly serve in expert, teaching or managerial positions. The most typical for men are senior expert positions, and for women senior expert positions in teaching. In all age groups, the proportion of men serving in managerial positions is larger than that of women.
At the end of 2010, 46,000 people with tertiary-level education were unemployed in Finland. The unemployment rate for this group was 4.6%. Since 1994, the unemployment rate among those who have completed basic and upper-secondary education has fallen faster than that among the highly educated.
Long-term unemployment is on the increase. The average length of time that highly educated individuals are unemployed is a total of 40 weeks. Approximately 5,400 highly educated Akava members had been unemployed for over a year in October 2011.
Employment rate among recently graduated The employment rate among those who graduated from university in 2005 was relatively good in
2010. In some sectors, people were clearly or slightly overqualified for their jobs five years after graduation.
The situation was the reverse in a number of professional sectors, in which work tasks are felt to be too demanding.
4
A Glance at Akava 2012
012345678910111213141516171819202122
0123456789
10111213141516171819202122
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
%
Unemployment rate 1990–2010 by educational level, %
5
Source: Statistics Finland, Labour force statistics; Akava’s own estimation
%
Basic education only
Upper secondary
Lowest level of tertiaryeducation and lower
degree level
All
Higher degree level of tertiary education &
doctorate
(67,000)
(111,000)
(224,000)
(35,000)
(12,000)
A Glance at Akava 2012
Unemployed Akava members in selected fields, March 2012
6
Excluding persons laid off, situation 31.3.2012Source: Statistics of Ministry of Employment and the Economy
-1 000 0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000
Bachelor of EngineeringBachelor of Business Administration
Master of HumanitiesMaster of Engineering
Master of BusinessMaster of Natural SciencesMaster of Social Sciences
Master of ArtsBachelor of Economics
Master of EducationBachelor of Social Services
DoctorateBachelor of Humanities
Master of LawLicentiate
Bachelor of Natural SciencesBachelor of Nursing
Master of AgricultureMaster of Theology
ArchitectMaster of Medicine
PharmacistMaster of Dentistry
Decrease IncreaseMarch 2012
Change per previous 12
months4 204 -1752 059 2161 751 1101 586 -1291 356 961 234 51936 31603 2556 -19539 -30531 13510 53448 26323 35261 -5229 29202 -2189 18127 295 -873 572 1015 -3
A Glance at Akava 2012
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Alle 20 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–64
%
Age group
Employment rate by age, 2010
7
Persons with at least a master’s degreeSource: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2010
Highly educated
All wage and salary earners
AllHighly
educated
Employment rate, % 67.6 84.9
Unemployment rate, % 8.5 4.4
Outside labour force, % 26.1 11.2
A Glance at Akava 2012
Employment rate among older age groups, 2000–2010
8
Persons with at least a master’s degreeSource: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2010
55–59 years of age 60–64 years of age
5963 65 66 66 65 67 68
71 7174
86 8588 88 89
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
%All Highly educated
23 25 26 27 2934
37 39 41 39 39
56 5760 57 58
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
%
All Highly educated
A Glance at Akava 2012
Employment relationships in Finland in 2010, %
9
Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2010
Akava members All wage and salary earners
81 %
11 %
8 %
Permanent full-time workFixed term full-time workPart-time work
75 %
11 %
14 %
Permanent full-time workFixed term full-time workPart-time work
A Glance at Akava 2012
Extending working careers
Over 70% of Akava members expect to remain in employment until they are at least 63 years of age.
The employment rate of highly educated individuals over the age of 60 was approximately 20 percentage points higher than it was for other employees in 2010.
6% of highly educated individuals aged 58-62 are receiving a disability pension or are unable to work due to a long-term illness; the corresponding figure for all employees was 20%.
In 2010, the average age of those retiring on an earnings-related old-age pension was 63.4. One in three retired people retired on a disability pension at an average age of 52. Due to this, the overall retirement age was 59.6.
Mental health problems were the most common reason for highly educated individuals retiring on a disability pension.
Job security, reducing time pressure and improving managerial and supervisory skills in particular are all factors that make it easier for people to cope at work.
The majority, 63%, of Akava members are prepared to start a new job after receiving rehabilitation if the alternative is to retire on a disability pension.
60% of Akava members would be prepared to continue working after 63 years of age if they were to receive more annual leave or other time off.
Almost 70% of Akava members are very or fairly willing to work after they retire on an old-age pension.
If the funding of pensions has to be changed, Akava members would prefer their retirement benefits to remain the same and to pay more in employment pension contributions.
10
A Glance at Akava 2012
62
32
3
2
1
59
32
4
5
1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Normal old-age pension
Disability pension
Early old-age pension
Unemployment pension
Special pension for farmers
%
2011; total 71,600 persons 2010; total 70,700 persons
Persons retiring in 2010 and 2011 with a pension based on their ownwork history by pension benefit
11
Source: Statistics of Finnish Centre of Pensions
• In 2009 for the first time more people retired on a normal old-age pension than on a disability or an unemployment pension.• In 2010 one in three retired people retired on a disability pension at an average age of 52.• Average age of those retiring, years: 2009 2010 2011
• Old-age pension 63.4 63.5 63.5• Unemployment pension 60.3 60.9 61.7• Disability pension 52.1 52.0 52.1• All 59.5 59.6 59.8
A Glance at Akava 2012
8,100
6,700
6,500
1,700
7,300
6,600
6,900
2,500
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system
Other diseases
Mental disorders
Diseases of the circulatory systemPersons
2011 2001
Persons retiring on disability pension in 2001 and 2011, by main diagnosis
12
Both in 2001 and in 2011 approx. 23,000 persons retired on a disability pension. In 2011 almost one in three of these was due to a mental disorder.
Source: Statistics of Finnish Centre of Pensions
Share 2011, %
35 %
29 %
28 %
7 %
A Glance at Akava 2012
Average intended age of retirement of Akava members
13
Three in four persons think they will stay in working life at least until the age of 63.The employee pension scheme reform of 2005 has achieved the desired results.
Sources: *) Akava Member Opinion Polls **) Statistics Finland, Quality of Work life Survey***) Survey by TNS Finland commissioned by Akava, autumn 2010
61.2
61.3
62.0
62.8
63.2
58 59 60 61 62 63 64
1997*
2001*
2004*
2008**
2010***
Years
A Glance at Akava 2012
14
Total number of respondents: 1,094Source: survey by TNS Finland commissioned by Akava, autumn 2009
80
69
62
61
59
49
48
47
47
45
41
38
35
16
27
30
32
31
41
36
40
47
46
49
47
52
4
4
7
7
10
10
16
13
7
9
9
15
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Job certainty
Reduction in pace of work
Improvement of leadership skills
Improvement of working environment
More flexible working hours
Improvement of occupational health care services
Job alternation or sabbatical leave
Part-time pension
Reduction of work load
Rise in salary
Improvement of rehabilitation possibilities
Increased education & training possibilities
Change in work assignments
%
Important Not very important Meaningless
Job certainty
Reduction in pace of work
Improvement of leadership skills
Improvement of working environment
More flexible working hours
Improvement of occupational health care services
Job alternation or sabbatical leave
Part-time pension
Reduction of work load
Rise in pay
Improvement of rehabilitation possibilities
Increased education & training possibilities
Change in work assignments
Factors enabling Akava members to remain longer in working life
A Glance at Akava 2012
Wellbeing at work
The average working week of Akava members in full-time employment was 40.6 hours in their main job. The working week of one in ten Akava members, and of one in five who are managers and senior officials, was longer than 48 hours.
Akava members did more overtime than the average for all employees, and often without compensation. The weekly overtime hours of one in five Akava members added up to one working day, i.e. 7.4 hours. 7% of these received no compensation for the overtime. 15% of Akava members were compensated for the overtime in the form of money or free time.
The working hours of senior employees are monitored less often than those of other employees. A total of 35% reported that their working hours were not monitored in any way.
Senior employees experience more mental stress as a result of their job than other employee groups. 43% of senior employees experience rather a lot or a lot of mental stress as a result of their job. One in two experiences time pressure in the job fairly often or very often.
Manual workers are more familiar with health and safety issues and the health and safety organisation than other employees. 24% of senior employees are not sufficiently familiar with health and safety documents and 27% believe there is room for improvement in the operations of the health and safety organisation. 35% also state that supervisors are not active enough when it comes to health and safety.
15
A Glance at Akava 2012
Experience of mental stress
16
Source: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health 2009
Experience of time pressure
24
21
33
25
15
6
8
10
6
3
30
29
43
31
18
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
AllSocio-economic groups
EntrepreneurUpper-level employeesLower-level employees
Manual workers%
Rather a lot A lot
27
34
30
27
24
19
19
22
21
15
46
53
52
48
39
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
AllSocio-economic groups
EntrepreneurUpper-level employeesLower-level employees
Manual workers%
Fairly often Very often
A Glance at Akava 2012
Overtime hours/week
7,4
8,1
6,6
7,3
7,9
6,5
7,3
7,6
5,9
8,9
6
8
5
8
7
4
3
6
1
0
14
13
14
14
15
11
13
14
14
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
21
21
20
23
23
16
16
21
16
13
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Men
Women
StatePrivate
Municipality
Upper-level employeesLower-level employees
Manual workers%
Without compensation With compensation Both
Overtime work in 2010
17
Wage and salary earners working full time; overtime compensation in money or free timeSource: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2010
Akava members
Employer
All wage and salary earners
Socio-economic groups
A Glance at Akava 2012
Estimated number of persons who worked at least 48 hours/week,
1,000 persons
100
22
14
7
3
14
4
9
4
1
5
2
10
11
13
9
13
13
7
19
10
10
8
8
0 5 10 15 20
All wage and salary earners
All
Men
Women
State
Private
Municipality
Legislators, senior officials and managers
Teaching professionals
Others
Professionals
Technicians and associate professionals%
Persons who worked at least 48 hours/week, 2010
18
Wage and salary earners in full-time workSource: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2010
Akava members:
Employer:
Position in organisation:
A Glance at Akava 2012
Salaries
Akava members earned EUR 4,050 a month on average, with women earning EUR 3,600 and men earning EUR 4,520 a month in 2010. Women earn 80% of what men earn.
The average monthly salary of all employees was EUR 3,090 in 2010.
50% of Akava members earned EUR 3,590 or more a month, with one in ten earning less than EUR 2,420 and one in ten earning more than EUR 5,930 a month.
The average starting salary of an Akava member is EUR 3,270 a month, increasing to EUR 4,490 towards the end of the working career.
Private sector middle management and corresponding experts in Finland do badly in European salary comparisons. Their gross salary is 84% of the salary of people in corresponding positions in western Europe. The corresponding comparison figure for employees other than manual workers (i.e. for approx. an average Finn) is 92%.
The high price level and steep tax progression in Finland weaken the purchasing power of the salary of middle management and those who carry out corresponding expert tasks to 71% compared with western European countries. The corresponding comparison figure is 78% for employees other than manual workers.
19
A Glance at Akava 2012
1 400 1 900 2 400 2 900 3 400 3 900 4 400 4 900 5 400 5 900
M
Distribution of total earnings(without bonuses)
20
Total earnings in 2010
Wage and salary earners working full time; total earnings in table include bonuses*) From the beginning of 2010 the university sector is included in the private sector (private enterprises)Source: Statistics Finland, Structure of Earnings, 2010
Akava members
All wage and salaryearners in Finland
F102,420
F905,930
F101,940
F904,500
All wage and salaryAkava members earners in Finland
mean, EUR/month mean, EUR/month
Employer sector:State 4,230 3,420Municipality 3,670 2,790Private enterprises 4,270 3,180Men 4,520 3,420Women 3,600 2,800
All 4,050 3,090
A Glance at Akava 2012
Total earnings of wage and salary earners by level of education in 2010, EUR/month
21
Wage and salary earners working full time; total earnings include bonusesSource: Statistics Finland, Structure of earnings, 2010
Number of persons in wage
and salary statistics (1,000)
1,386
172
585
221
196
191
21
3,090
2,590
2,650
3,140
3,310
4,340
5,200
0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 3 500 4 000 4 500 5 000 5 500 6 000
Total
Primary&lower secondary education
Upper secondary education
Lowest level tertiary education
Lower-degree level tertiary education
Higher-degree level tertiary education
Doctorate
EUR/month
A Glance at Akava 2012
Gross earnings per year in private sector 2011Western Europe = 100
22
182130
121121117
107104
1009592
8888
837574
6656
0 50 100 150 200
SwitzerlandDenmark
NorwayLuxembourg
GermanyBelgiumAustria
Western EuropeNetherlands
FinlandSweden
IrelandFrance
ItalySpain
United KingdomPortugal
Western Europe = 100
Clerical/Technicians 1)
162122
116110106103102101100
9695
8885848380
690 50 100 150 200
SwitzerlandLuxemburg
GermanyDenmark
NorwayBelgium
NetherlandsAustria
Western EuropeItaly
IrelandFrance
SwedenFinland
SpainUnited Kingdom
Portugal
Western Europe = 100
Middle management andprofessionals 2)
1) Comparable to Finnish employees with salaries of approx. 2,950 EUR/month; Grade 8 = Graduate/Administrator in Global job value framework of Watson Wyatt2) Comparable to Finnish employees with salaries of approx. 5,290 EUR/month. Grade 14 = Middle Managers Source: 2011/2012 WWDS Global 50 Remuneration Planning Report
A Glance at Akava 2012
Relative purchasing power of salaries in private sector 2011 Western Europe = 100
23
1) Comparable to Finnish employees with salaries of approx. 2,950 EUR/month; Grade 8 = Graduate/Administrator in Global job value framework of Watson Wyatt2) Comparable to Finnish employees with salaries of approx. 5,290 EUR/month. Grade 14 = Middle Managers Source: 2011/2012 WWDS Global 50 Remuneration Planning Report
154151
122113
104103101100
9592
88888585
787170
0 50 100 150 200
SwitzerlandLuxembourg
GermanyIreland
BelgiumNetherlands
AustriaWestern EuropeUnited Kingdom
DenmarkNorwayFranceSpain
SwedenFinland
ItalyPortugal
Western Europe = 100
Clerical/Technicians 1)
147146
1271071041031011009997
928585
797878
710 50 100 150 200
SwitzerlandLuxemburg
GermanyIreland
United KingdomNetherlands
FranceWestern Europe
AustriaSpain
BelgiumItaly
PortugalNorwaySweden
DenmarkFinland
Western Europe = 100
Middle managers andprofessionals 2)
A Glance at Akava 2012
Taxation of employees
The Government is supporting the framework agreement reached for the labour market through reduced taxation for employees in 2012. The net salary of an employee covered by the contractual pay increases and changes in taxation who is earning EUR 3,000 per month will rise by 2.8%, or EUR 60, in 2012. The net salary of someone earning EUR 4,000 will rise by 2.7%, or EUR 71.
One in five full-time employees in Finland is an Akava member. These employees earn a quarter of Finland’s entire wages and salaries bill, and pay one third of taxes and social security contributions paid by employees. Akava members account for 42% of state income taxes paid by employees.
The income tax rate of someone with a monthly salary of EUR 3,000 is 29%, while an income of EUR 4,000 is subject to 34% income tax.
Finnish employees have high and progressive marginal tax rates. The marginal tax rate indicates what proportion of additional income is collected as tax. At a salary of EUR 2,100, nearly 45% of additional income is collected as tax. The marginal tax rate is close to 50% for a monthly salary of EUR 3,400, and almost 57% when the salary exceeds EUR 6,100.
In international comparison, the high and progressive marginal tax rates are evident in the fact that while low-income employees in Finland are taxed moderately by European standards and employees with average salaries are taxed near the European average, those who earn more than average are taxed quite harshly.
24
A Glance at Akava 2012
25
Pay and taxes: Akava members and other wage and salary earners
Employees who have worked at least 6 months full time with income over 12,302 EUR per yearSource: Statistics Finland, Income Distribution Statistics 2009
19
26
32
42
28
26
81
74
68
58
72
74
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Wage and salary earners (1,7 million)
Wage and salaries bill (62,0 billion EUR)
Taxes and payments (15,4 billion EUR)
By type of tax:
State income taxes (4,0 billion EUR)
Municipal tax (9,5 billion EUR)
Pension and unemployment insurance contributions(2,9 billion EUR)
%
Akava members Other wage and salary earners
A Glance at Akava 2012
22.2
29.8
36.3
45.7
24.8 29.6
34.3
41.9
141618202224262830323436384042444648505254
141618202224262830323436384042444648505254
20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000 110,000 120,000
%
Income per year 2011, EUR
Average personal income tax for single wage and salary earners in Finland and in other Western European countries in 2011, %
26
*) Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, United Kingdom, Italy, Austria, Norway, France, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and Denmark. Excluding Estonia. One-person household.Source: Taxpayers’ Association of Finland, International Wage Tax Survey 2011
Finland
Other WesternEuropeancountries*)
A Glance at Akava 2012
Average personal income tax rate in 2011 for incomeof 4,720 EUR/month
27
One-person household with income of 59,000 EUR per yearSource: Taxpayers’ Association of Finland, International Wage Tax Survey 2011
46,7
42,6
40,2
38,5
38,2
36,3
36,1
33,8
32,6
29,5
28,6
27,8
27,0
23,1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Belgium
Germany
Italy
Austria
Denmark
Finland
Holland
France
Sweden
Spain
Norway
United Kingdom
USA
Estonia%
A Glance at Akava 2012
Education
In Finland, the proportion of people aged 25-64 with tertiary-level education has increased by 23 percentage points in 35 years. However, one in five remain with no educational qualification beyond compulsory education.
39% of Finns aged 25-34 have completed a lower or higher degree in tertiary education. This ranks Finland near the middle among OECD countries.
The number of students in relation to teachers in universities has risen by around 70% in the period 1985-2009.
61% of university students and 59% of polytechnic students worked in 2009. The average duration of studies is 6.2 years in universities and 4 years in polytechnics. Nearly half of Akava members state that they need training to maintain occupational skills. 31% of employees with a high-level education attended non-degree training in 2011. For 4%,
the training was not work- or occupation-related. Every tenth employee with a high-level education participated in work-related training either
entirely or mostly during their own time. Responses of Akava members to questions regarding occupational skills and self-development:
90% feel that employers should place more emphasis on maintaining and developing employees’ occupational skills.
14% feel that being busy at work does not present any problem whatsoever when it comes to renewing occupational skills.
30% are of the opinion that no suitable continuing education is available. 10% feel that their competence is outdated and no longer meets the requirements of working life.
28
A Glance at Akava 2012
Persons with higher-degree level education in Finland and in some other countries in 2009
29
In addition to university and polytechnic degrees, higher-degree level tertiary education also includes somelowest level tertiary education qualifications, such as technicians and diplomas in Business and AdministrationSource: OECD, Education at a Glance 2011
25–64 years of age 25–34 years of age 55–64 years of age
4441
37373736363534333333
303029
2726
2419
1515
130 20 40
JapanUSA
FinlandEnglandNorwayEstoniaIreland
SwitzerlandDenmarkBelgiumSwedenHollandOECDSpain
FranceEU21
GermanyGreeceAustria
PortugalItaly
Turkey%
564847
4545
434242
41404039
383737
3429
2623
2120
170 20 40
JapanIreland
NorwayEngland
DenmarkFrance
BelgiumSweden
USAHolland
SchwitzerlandFinland
SpainOECD
EstoniaEU21
GreeceGermanyPortugal
AustriaItaly
Turkey%
4133
292928272727272625
2322
2020
18171615
1010
70 20 40
USAEstoniaFinland
EnglandSchwitzerland
HollandJapan
NorwaySweden
DenmarkGermanyBelgium
OECDIreland
EU21France
SpainAustriaGreece
ItalyTurkey
Portugal%
A Glance at Akava 2012
5
51
26
8
8
1
1
11
11
13
46
18
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Akava members
Total labour force
%
Akava members and total labour force in 2010by educational level, %
30
DoctorateHighest level academic degrees of licentiate and
doctorate (scientific post-graduate degrees)
Primary & lower secondary education
Upper secondary educationGives general eligibility for tertiary education
Lowest level tertiary educationVocational college education. Examples of vocational college
qualifications include Technician Engineer, Diploma in Businessand Administration and Diploma in Nursing
Lower-degree level tertiary educationMainly polytechnic degrees and lower university degrees
Higher-degree level tertiary educationMainly higher university degrees (master’s level),
specialist’s degrees in medicine, graduate engineers
Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2010
A Glance at Akava 2012
Entrepreneurship
About 24,000 Akava members, or 6% of the membership, are entrepreneurs and self-employed persons on a full-time or part-time basis. Over one third of these are women.
Around half of Akava’s entrepreneurs operate in the field of social welfare and health care.
62% of Akava’s entrepreneurs are full-time and 38% are part-time self-employed persons and entrepreneurs.
Independent work and fulfilling one’s dreams are motivating factors in entrepreneurship.
The greatest obstacles to entrepreneurship have to do with financial livelihood.
Entrepreneurship is seen as a natural step in career progression or as a way of becoming employed.
Akava’s self-employed and entrepreneur members are more satisfied with their work than members who are employees.
The key challenges faced by highly educated entrepreneurs are the differences in the social security benefits between employees and entrepreneurs, for example in unemployment security and sickness security, and reconciling work and family life.
31
A Glance at Akava 2012
Akava’s entrepreneurial/self-employed members, 2011
32
Among Akava’s membership there are approx. 24,000 full- or part-time entrepreneurs and self-employed persons.
Source: Akava’s affiliates
Medical doctors in all
specialisations44 %
Social services and health
care9 %
Social sciences
27 %
Technology and natural sciences
16 %
Agriculture, forestry and environment
4 %
A Glance at Akava 2012
Union membership
Akava members are highly educated, and mainly join a union that corresponds with their qualifications or occupation.
Akava has 35 affiliated unions, and at the beginning of April in 2012 there were altogether 573,400 members. The number of members is growing. The aim is to have 600,000 members by 2015.
University and polytechnic students can join their respective Akava unions while they are still studying. Akava’s affiliates have 107,400 student members.
Akava members are of the opinion that union membership brings general security in life. Private-sector employees value the earnings-related unemployment security, while public-sector employees value pay security and employment protection.
Members are of the opinion that Akava’s success in representing its members’ interests has improved. Nearly half of Akava’s members are of the opinion that Akava has succeeded well or very well. Four years earlier, one in four felt this way.
33
A Glance at Akava 2012
Number of Akava members
34
Source: Akava’s affiliates
42
162
265
375
573600
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1970 1980 1990 2000 1.4.2012 Aim 2015
1,000 members
A Glance at Akava 2012
05101520253035404550556065707580
05
101520253035404550556065707580
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
% SAK; 1 040 000 STTK+TVK STTK; 615 000 Akava; 553 000
35
Membership of each of the three main employee confederations as apercentage of all wage and salary earners in Finland, 1970–2011
Source: Employee confederations’ cost distribution
A Glance at Akava 2012
36
Number of student members in Akava
Source: Akava’s affiliates
49,000
64,100
91,200
107,400
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
110 000
1996 2000 2005 1.4.2012
A Glance at Akava 2012
37
Reasons for membership in an Akava member organisation, %
Source: Akava Member Opinion Poll 2011
17
28
36
39
51
34
42
34
73
61
49
34
21
30
20
11
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Pay related benefits in case of unemployment
Security in pay and employment conditions
Membership provides general security
Well-educated should stick together
Services and allowances for members
At present it is customary to be a member
Professional development
Professional activities in the organisation%
Of some significance Very important
A Glance at Akava 2012
Akava’s organisation for negotiations
38
Akava
Akava’s Public SectorNegotiation Commission
JUKO
The Delegation of Professionaland Managerial Employees
YTN
Organisations’ collectiveagreements
Employersand government
Office for Government as EmployerCommission for Local Authority
EmployersChurch
Confederation of Finnish IndustriesEK and its affiliates
Central organisationagreements
Tripartite agreementsCoordination
CollectiveAgreements
(public sector)
Entrepreneurs andself-employed persons
Parliament, Ministries, Local AuthoritiesInfluencing
legislation
Employer organisations
CollectiveAgreements
CollectiveAgreements
Employees in Technical andBasic Service Professions KTN
Commission for LocalAuthority EmployersCollective
Agreements(public sector)
A Glance at Akava 2012
Akava’s affiliates 1.4.2012 and number of members 1.1.2012
Trade Union of Education in Finland 118,967 Finnish Psychological Association 6,274
The Finnish Association of Graduate Engineers TEK 73,491 Finnish Association of Academic Agronomists 5,917
Union of Professional Engineers in Finland UIL 68,984 The Officers Union 5,895SEFE - The Finnish Association of Business School Graduates 48,562 The Union of Church Professionals within Akava AKI 5,783Union of Professional Business Graduates in Finland TRAL 28,377 Finnish Union of Environmental Professionals 4,518
Akava Special Branches 26,589The Institute Officers Union of the Finnish Defence Forces and the Border Guard 4,435
Sales and Marketing Professionals SMKJ 26,212 Union of Swedish-speaking Engineers in Finland 3,337
Finnish Medical Association 23,694 Society of Finnish Professional Foresters 2,619
Union of Professional Social Workers 22,226 The Finnish Association of Architects 2,589
Association of Finnish Lawyers 15,516 Finnish Veterinary Association 2,339
Social Science Professionals 11,347 Union of Finnish University Professors 2,334
Union of Technical Professionals, KTK 9,726 The Union of Diaconal Workers in Finland 1,976
Managers and Specialists in the Private Sector YTY 8,687 The Finnish Association of Occupational Health Nurses 1,834
Finnish Pharmacists' Association 8,647 Union of Finnish Speech Therapists 1,378
Finnish Union of Experts in Science 7,590 Health Science Academic Leaders and Experts 1,075
Finnish Union of Public Health Nurses 7,204 Kirkon Nuorisotyöntekijöiden Liitto KNT 1,053
Finnish Dental Association 6,810 AKAVA's General Group 812
Finnish Union of University Researchers and Teachers 6,608 Total 573,405
A Glance at Akava 2012
Statistical information on Akava members 2011-2012
40
Number of Akava members 1.4.2012 573,405 Proportion of women 52 %
Main occupation: Average age 42 yearsFull-time work 85 % Age distribution 2012:
Part-time work 7 % under 30 9 %
Unemployed 4 % 30–39 29 %
Entrepreneur 4 % 40–49 28 %
Employer 1.1.2011: 50–59 25 %
Private enterprise 56 % over 60 9 %
Municipality 33 % Lower tertiary or a higher level qualification 82 %
State 7 % Living in Helsinki Metropolitan Area 32 %
Self-employed professionals 3 % Members in full-time work:
Church 1 % Fixed term work 12 %
Position in organisation: Average years in service in current employment 9Professionals 34 % Average gross income 2010, EUR/month 4,100Teaching professionals 24 % Average working hours/week 40.6Legislators, senior officials and managers 21 % Persons working overtime 21 %
Technical and associate professionals 16 % Persons working over 48 hours/week 11 %
Others 6 % Persons working overtime without compensation 35 %
Sources: Statistics Finland, Labour force statistics; Akava's affiliates
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