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A Baby Boomer’s Career in Optical
RadiometryDARYL R. MYERS SENIOR SCIENTIST V (RET.) NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
2015 Annual ConferenceFranc Grum Memorial Lecture
Dr. Franc Grum (1922-1982)
Renowned contributor to optical radiation measurement science community &Founding Member of The Council for Optical Radiation Measurements (CORM)
• Native of Slovenia Yugoslavia• Doctorate in Classical Languages, Univ. of Ljubjana, Yugoslavia• Fluent in 11 Languages• Col. Grum fought Tito’s communist Forces 1943-1950; emigrated to US in 1950• Joined Research Institute of Eastman Kodak as technician • Earned B. S. in Physics and M.S. in Optics, University of Rochester• Rose to Director of Eastman Kodak Research Laboratory Photometrology Section• President U.S. National Committee of International Commission on Illumination • Member Optical Society America and New York Academy of Sciences• Appointed Richard S. Hunter Professor, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT)• Founder and first Director of RIT Munsell Color Science Laboratory • Published over 50 technical papers• Editor of Academic Press five volume series on Optical Radiation Measurements
https://www.rit.edu/cos/colorscience/ab_history.php
Roots Family Tree….. Revolutionary War Soldier George Perkins (1752-1840)
Generations moved west from North Carolina, to Iowa, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas
Grandparents: Farmers/handyman/mechanic jobs during Depression and WW II
years, moving through Texas, Oklahoma, California, eventually Fort Scott, Kansas.
Relocation 1946 Grandmother moved to Denver with her daughter Betty (my
mother; 1930-2011) and son. Joined Greyhound (bookkeeper) met my step-grandfather (ticket agent)
Parents Mother graduated from East High School in 1947; Hired by Greyhound Lines
same year,worked as bookkeeper, ticket agent; retired in 1985. Biggest impact on my lifeFather was a Driver for Greyhound lines. 1
So what Influenced Daryl?
1950-1958
1955-56
Insatiable curiosity, available books, thoughtful (mostly) television!
1960-1966
Excellent Jr. High and High School Education (advanced placement…unknown to me !! )
Top 10/500 Aurora Central H.S. Graduates
Courted by many Colleges (high SAT scores!) Chose “hometown” University of Colorado, Boulder, CO.,
Awarded Regents Scholarship 4 Years
1966-1970: 4 Academic years (10 ‘Semesters’) at University of Colorado
“CollegeTeaches
One HOW
TO LEARN”
Vietnam War Era 1970-1974 Army Service U.S. Army Security Agency Ft. Leonard Wood MO
Presidio Monterey CA DLIWCGoodfellow AFB San Angelo TXWobeck Det. F.S. Augsburg FRG
Russian Linguist/Signals Intelligence
300 ftRadio intercept tower
1974-1978 Staff Physicist - Smithsonian Institution Radiation Biology Laboratory (RBL)
Filter measurements
Light measurements in Plant Growth Chambers
Calibrate, install, maintain solar radiometers
Data processing with Programmable calculator
Historical Reference Instruments
Spectroradiometer calibration and measurements
Mentors: Bernard Goldberg Smithsonian RBL solar radiation section- Solar UV and Broadband stations Alaska, Panama, Maryland- Custodian Charles Greely Abbot instruments/data
John Hickey Principal Scientist Eppley Laboratory-Solar Instrument designer (Terrestrial and space applications)- NASA Earth Radiation Budget (ERB), Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF);, NOAA Nimbus 6-7 ERB satellite radiometers
Light all around us – “Visible” and “Invisible”Photometry -- human eye as a detectorRadiometry – wider parts of spectrum
Color perception space
Photosynthetically Active Radiation
Optical Radiometry:Radiometry: Measuring the quantity and quality of “electro (E) magnetic (B) radiation”, or “photons”
Maxwell’s Eqns.
𝛻∙𝑬=𝜌
𝜖𝑜
𝛻×𝑬=−𝜕𝑩
𝜕𝑡𝛻∙𝑩=0
𝛻×𝑩=𝜇0𝜖0𝜕𝑬
𝜕𝑡
Optical: “Visible” electromagnetic radiation, e.g. “Light” , but often extended short of blue wavelengths (ultraviolet) and beyond red (infrared) wavelengths
𝛻∙ divergence𝛻× curlE electric fieldB magnetic field charge densiity𝜖𝑜 elec. permittivity 𝜇0 mag. permeabilityt time
Blackbody Radiator -- Planck (1900) Transfer standard for Temperature measurementAnd Total and Spectral Radiant Flux
Physical Implementation of Black Body RadiatorElectrically Heated Cavity instrumented with
Temperature sensors
Solar POWER … (only properly sited nuclear power plant) ….
The total energy yield of one whole chain is 26.73 MeV.
1977—Solar Energy Research Institute Site Awarded to Golden Colorado
1978 (Nov) Daryl Applies for job as Staff Engineer; Metrology Laboratory of the Measurement and Instrumentation Branch
July 5th 1977 --- Solar Energy Research Institute Opens for Business
November 28 1978—Daryl Joins the SERI
Metrology Laboratory Team
SERI Metrology LaboratoryElectronic Instrumentation Volt / Ohm / AmpDigital Volt/Amp metersTemperature Decade Resistance BoxesTime/Frequency InstrumentationElectronic and Optical Spectrum AnalyzersBroadband & Spectral Solar RadiometersSometimes photographer’s model !!
Radiometric Instrument Calibration & Measurements World Radiometric Reference Davos Switzerland
Field MeasurementsSolar Radiation
Field Measurements Spectral Solar Radiation (Cannon/Andreas/Myers)
NIST Spectral Reference Standards (Lamp $50; Data $10,000 )
Solar One Daggett CA Spectral Flux Measurements
Solar Simulator Characterization & Classification (Industry, Testing Labs)
Spectroradiometer calibration and Source Characterization
Field and Laboratory Measurements
Field Work Validate NASA developed Procedures—Clearwater FLA
DOE (D.C.) HQ requested UV Spectral data
Saudi Arabia Solar Calibration Station
(Riyadh)
Tools of the Trade-- Computer Evolution 1978 Mainframe/Timeshare terminals 1980 Minicomputer 1990 “personal” computers
National and International Consensus Standards DevelopmentChairman of American Society for Testing and Materials Subcommittee G03.09 Radiometry 2005-2011
Member ASTM E44-09 Photovoltaic EnergyASTM G03 Weathering and Durability 1980-2011
NREL Metrology Laboratory Accredited to ISO Standard 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
https://www.a2la.org/dirsearchnew/newsearch.cfmAnd Enter NREL in ”Search For”….
Modeling Solar Radiation Through the Atmosphere & Resources for Applications“The Continuously Variable Filter”
Air Force Geophysical Laboratory LOWTRAN –MODTRAN- HITRAN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_radiative_transfer_codes#Molecular_absorption_databases
NREL Solar Radiation Models
SPCTRL2 Terrestrial Solar Spectral Irradiance as a function of Atmospheric Parameters
Bird & HulstromClear Sky Solar Radiation Models
NREL (Metstat DISC CSR )and Other Solar Radiation Resource Models-C. Gueymard REST2 clear sky-PEREZ Diffuse on Tilt-HelioClim – Satellite -> solar radiation-PEREZ satellite -> solar radiation
DOE/NREL Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internships5 Summer Interns ; Awarded “Outstanding Mentor 2003”
How “Experts in the Field” Come Together…..NOAA/NREL Workshop on Instrument Characterization
(L-R) Chris Gonzales (NREL Intern) Joe Michalsky (NOAA) Steve Wilcox (NREL) Tom Stoffel (NREL) Don Nelson (NOAA) Daryl (NREL) Ells Dutton (NOAA) Ibrahim Reda (NREL) Charles “Chuck” Long (Pacific Northwest Labs; Now NOAA)
DRM Editor ORN 66 – 96 (30 issues 15 years)
ORN # 1 1974Published By NBS (later NIST)
ORN # 41 1984Published By CORM
CORM Optical Radiation News Semi-Annual Newsletter for CORM Members
NISTIR - 6828
NIST Response to the 6th CORM Report:
Pressing Problems and Projected National
Needs in Optical Radiometry
Albert C. Parr
Gerald T. Fraser
Keith R. Lykke
November 01, 2001
CORM contributions to National Optical Measurement Issues
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