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6-3: World War I, 1914-1918
Overview
▪ Ongoing debates about U.S. role in the world
▪ How to best achieve national security?
Neutrality▪ Beginning of the War
▪ Wilson issued neutrality proclamation
▪ Urged belligerents to respect neutral rights
▪ Submarine Warfare
▪ British blockade of Germany
▪ Sinking of the Lusitania and Sussex
▪ Sussex Pledge and renewal of submarine warfare
Neutrality
▪ Zimmermann Note
▪ Germany proposed alliance with Mexico
▪ Links with Britain and France
▪ Economic Ties
370% increase in exports to Allies
7,000% decrease in exports to Central Powers
▪ Psychological and Ethnic Ties
Traditions, propaganda
Declaration of War
▪ Wilson’s War Message
▪ German violations of freedom of the seas
▪ German killings of Americans
▪ German interference with Mexico
▪ Making the world “safe for democracy”
Reshaping world through progressive principles
Declaration of War
▪ Preparedness
▪ U.S. quite prepared
▪ Build-up of Navy under T. Roosevelt
▪ Army enlarged in 1915 due to war in Europe
▪ Selective Service Act (draft)
Mobilization
▪ Financing the War
▪ Congress empowered Pres. Wilson to direct U.S. economy
▪ War Boards
War Industries Board
War Labor Board
Fuel Administration Board
Food Administration Board
▪ Liberty bonds
▪ Income taxes on the wealthy
Mobilization▪ Public Opinion and Civil Liberties
▪ Propaganda
Committee on Public Information
Aroused public support
Stifled opposition
Voluntary censorship of the press
War Bonds
Prohibition
▪ Espionage and Sedition Acts
▪ Schenck v. United States
“clear and present danger”
Mobilization
▪ Effects on American Society
▪ More Jobs for Women
▪ Migration
Great Migration of African Americans
Conflict following return of white troops
Increased Mexican immigration
American Expeditionary Force
▪ General John Pershing
▪ Most fighting in France
▪ Germany halted at 2nd
Battle of the Marne
▪ Final counteroffensive and German surrender
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