5.1 the Classification of Microorganisms

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1.1 THE CLASSIFICATION OFMICROORGANISMS

Presenter :

@ Amizan Ab Manaf

SCIENCE SPM

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© Sandera 2011

 Microorganisms and their Effects on Living Things

Classifications Growth factors Effects

Bacteria Nutrient

Algae

Viruses

Medical development

Industry

pH value

Food digestion in animals

Decaying process

Agriculture

Fungi

Protozoa

Humidity

Temperature

Light intensity

Benefits

Diseases

Tuberculosis

Ringworms

Hepatitis A

Dengue fever

Malaria

Prevention

Controlling the vectors

Sterilisation

Immunisation

Treatment

Antibiotic

Radiotherapy

Antiserum

Synthetic medicine

Harmful effects

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Learning objective:

1.1 Understanding the classification of  micr oorganisms

Learning outcomes:

(a) List the characteristics of  various types of  micr oorganisms

(b) Classify micr oorganisms into bacteria, f ungi, 

pr otozoa, vir uses and algae.

(c) Describe the characteristics of  each gr oup of  micr oorganisms

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1.1 classification of micr oorganisms

1 Microorganisms are tiny living things thatare invisible to be seen by the naked eye.

2 The study of microorganisms is known as

microbiology. Microorganisms are also knownas microbes.

Microorganisms can only be seen microscope

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1.1 classification of micr oorganisms

 A nton van Leeuwenhoek (1632 ² 1723)'s discovery

of microorganisms in 1675, in Holland, using a

microscope of his own design.

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1.1 classification of micr oorganisms

3 Microorganisms are divided into fivemain groups based on their characteristics,

namely

(a)Bacteria

(b)Fungi

(c) Protozoa

(d)Viruses

(e) A lgae

The classification are basedon their

(a) Size

(b) Shape ( bentuk)

(c) Methods of reproduction

(d) Nutrition

(e) Habitat

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Bacteria

· Make up the largest number among the five

groups of microorganisms

· U nicellular (singled-cell) organisms

· Very small in size (0.2 - 10 mm)

· Shape :- can be classified into 4 groups based

on their shapes:

(a) Cocci ² spherical (coccus)

(b) Bacilli - rod-shaped (bacillus)

(c) Spirilla - spiral-shaped (spirillum)(d) Vibrios - comma-shaped (vibrio)

· Some bacteria have fine, long

structures called flagella to help

them move

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Bacteria

 Vibrio (comma)

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BacteriaCoccus

Bacillus

Spirillum

 Vibrio

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Bacteria

· Nutrition:- parasitic (  feed on living organisms)or sa pro phytic (  feed on dead organisms)

· Methods of reproduction:- asexually by binar y 

 fission ( belahan dedua) or sexually by conjugation

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Bacteria

· Habitat:- Can be found anywhere (damphabitat, air, water, soil, plants, animals &

human beings)

· Special characteristic:- will form a s pore inunsuitable environment (extreme temperature,

drought or scarcity of food)

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 Viruses Viruses

y Viruses are non-living things coz they do notcarry out life processes activity such as

respiration, digestion or excretion (criteria for

living things). They do not have nucleus, cell

membrane or cytoplasmy Smallest microorganisms

y Can only be seen through electron microscope

y Size:- 0.02 - 0.4 Qm 1 Qm = 1/1000 mm

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 Viruses Viruses

y Shape :- have various shapes, such as spherical,

rectangular, rod-shaped or tadpole- shaped orindefinite shapes

HIV virus

Polio virusBacteriophage T4

virus

Influenza/Flu virus

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 Viruses Viruses

y Nutrition:- Live as parasite ( parasitic)

y Methods of reproduction:- can only reproducewithin a living cell. Reproduces themselves in the

host cells & multiply very quickly

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 Viruses Viruses

y Habitat:- can only live in living cells (host) such

as bacteria, animals, plants or human beingsy Special characteristic:- will form cr ystals (hablur)

when they are out of living cells

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FungiFungi

y Similar to plant but do not have chlorophyll,

roots, stems or leaves

y U nicellular or multicellular organisms

y Various sizes (10 - 100 mm)

y Shape :- have a variety of shapes. Some are like

a ball, have long filament (hyphae) and some are

oval-shaped

 YeastMucor

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FungiFungi

yNutrition:- parasitic ( tinea) and sa pro phytic

( mucor)y Methods of reproduction:- asexually by spore

formation (pembentukkan s pora) or budding (pertunasan) &

sexually by conjugation

 Yeast

Bud (Tunas)

Budding

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FungiFungi

y Habitat:- damp & dark habitats

Mucor (Kulapuk)

Spore formation

Sporangium

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ProtozoaProtozoa

y Largest unicellular microorganisms

y Size:- 5 - 250 mm

y Shape :- have various shapes, such as oval &

round. Some with indefinite shapes

E.g. :-  A moeba (not fixed shape)

Paramecium ( shoe sole @ slipper)

 A moebaParamecium

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ProtozoaProtozoa

y Some of them move by  pseudo podia, flagella or

cillia

y Nutrition:- parasitic (plasmodium) and

sa pro phytic ( amoeba &  paramecium )

· Methods of reproduction:- asexually by binary

fission spore formation or budding & sexually by

conjugation

 A moeba Paramecium Plasmodium

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ProtozoaProtozoa

y Habitat:- Can be found in damp places such as soil & bark

of tree,

fresh water (amoeba @ paramecium),

body fluid of living things (plasmodium)

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 A lgae A lgae

y  A lgae are simple plants with chlorophyll but donot have roots, stems or leaves

y U nicellular or multicellular aquatic plants

y Various sizes, range from very small to very big

in size (1 - 100 000 mm)

Chlamydomonas Euglena

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y Shape :- have a variety of shapes. Some arerounds (pleurococcus @ chlmydomonas) for

unicellular, filamentous (spirogyra), ribbon-like or

plate-like shapes for multicellular

Spirogyra Pleurococcus

 A lgae A lgae

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y Shape · Nutrition:- autotro phic ( carr y out photos ynthesis) / autotro phs

y Methods of reproduction:- asexually by binary

fission, fragmentation or spore formation &

sexually by conjugation

 A lgae A lgae

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y Habitat:- can be found in damp areas that

receive sunlight such as soil & fresh water, salt

water, damp soil or on the damp bark trees

y Special characteristic:- have chloroplast(can produce their own food)

 A lgae A lgae

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1.1 classification of micr oorganisms

Bacteria

(a)Fungi

(b)Protozoa

(d)Viruses

(e) A lgae