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8/3/2019 5.1 the Classification of Microorganisms
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1.1 THE CLASSIFICATION OFMICROORGANISMS
Presenter :
@ Amizan Ab Manaf
SCIENCE SPM
8/3/2019 5.1 the Classification of Microorganisms
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© Sandera 2011
Microorganisms and their Effects on Living Things
Classifications Growth factors Effects
Bacteria Nutrient
Algae
Viruses
Medical development
Industry
pH value
Food digestion in animals
Decaying process
Agriculture
Fungi
Protozoa
Humidity
Temperature
Light intensity
Benefits
Diseases
Tuberculosis
Ringworms
Hepatitis A
Dengue fever
Malaria
Prevention
Controlling the vectors
Sterilisation
Immunisation
Treatment
Antibiotic
Radiotherapy
Antiserum
Synthetic medicine
Harmful effects
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Learning objective:
1.1 Understanding the classification of micr oorganisms
Learning outcomes:
(a) List the characteristics of various types of micr oorganisms
(b) Classify micr oorganisms into bacteria, f ungi,
pr otozoa, vir uses and algae.
(c) Describe the characteristics of each gr oup of micr oorganisms
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1.1 classification of micr oorganisms
1 Microorganisms are tiny living things thatare invisible to be seen by the naked eye.
2 The study of microorganisms is known as
microbiology. Microorganisms are also knownas microbes.
Microorganisms can only be seen microscope
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1.1 classification of micr oorganisms
A nton van Leeuwenhoek (1632 ² 1723)'s discovery
of microorganisms in 1675, in Holland, using a
microscope of his own design.
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1.1 classification of micr oorganisms
3 Microorganisms are divided into fivemain groups based on their characteristics,
namely
(a)Bacteria
(b)Fungi
(c) Protozoa
(d)Viruses
(e) A lgae
The classification are basedon their
(a) Size
(b) Shape ( bentuk)
(c) Methods of reproduction
(d) Nutrition
(e) Habitat
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Bacteria
· Make up the largest number among the five
groups of microorganisms
· U nicellular (singled-cell) organisms
· Very small in size (0.2 - 10 mm)
· Shape :- can be classified into 4 groups based
on their shapes:
(a) Cocci ² spherical (coccus)
(b) Bacilli - rod-shaped (bacillus)
(c) Spirilla - spiral-shaped (spirillum)(d) Vibrios - comma-shaped (vibrio)
· Some bacteria have fine, long
structures called flagella to help
them move
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Bacteria
Vibrio (comma)
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BacteriaCoccus
Bacillus
Spirillum
Vibrio
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Bacteria
· Nutrition:- parasitic ( feed on living organisms)or sa pro phytic ( feed on dead organisms)
· Methods of reproduction:- asexually by binar y
fission ( belahan dedua) or sexually by conjugation
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Bacteria
· Habitat:- Can be found anywhere (damphabitat, air, water, soil, plants, animals &
human beings)
· Special characteristic:- will form a s pore inunsuitable environment (extreme temperature,
drought or scarcity of food)
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Viruses Viruses
y Viruses are non-living things coz they do notcarry out life processes activity such as
respiration, digestion or excretion (criteria for
living things). They do not have nucleus, cell
membrane or cytoplasmy Smallest microorganisms
y Can only be seen through electron microscope
y Size:- 0.02 - 0.4 Qm 1 Qm = 1/1000 mm
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Viruses Viruses
y Shape :- have various shapes, such as spherical,
rectangular, rod-shaped or tadpole- shaped orindefinite shapes
HIV virus
Polio virusBacteriophage T4
virus
Influenza/Flu virus
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Viruses Viruses
y Nutrition:- Live as parasite ( parasitic)
y Methods of reproduction:- can only reproducewithin a living cell. Reproduces themselves in the
host cells & multiply very quickly
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Viruses Viruses
y Habitat:- can only live in living cells (host) such
as bacteria, animals, plants or human beingsy Special characteristic:- will form cr ystals (hablur)
when they are out of living cells
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FungiFungi
y Similar to plant but do not have chlorophyll,
roots, stems or leaves
y U nicellular or multicellular organisms
y Various sizes (10 - 100 mm)
y Shape :- have a variety of shapes. Some are like
a ball, have long filament (hyphae) and some are
oval-shaped
YeastMucor
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FungiFungi
yNutrition:- parasitic ( tinea) and sa pro phytic
( mucor)y Methods of reproduction:- asexually by spore
formation (pembentukkan s pora) or budding (pertunasan) &
sexually by conjugation
Yeast
Bud (Tunas)
Budding
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FungiFungi
y Habitat:- damp & dark habitats
Mucor (Kulapuk)
Spore formation
Sporangium
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ProtozoaProtozoa
y Largest unicellular microorganisms
y Size:- 5 - 250 mm
y Shape :- have various shapes, such as oval &
round. Some with indefinite shapes
E.g. :- A moeba (not fixed shape)
Paramecium ( shoe sole @ slipper)
A moebaParamecium
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ProtozoaProtozoa
y Some of them move by pseudo podia, flagella or
cillia
y Nutrition:- parasitic (plasmodium) and
sa pro phytic ( amoeba & paramecium )
· Methods of reproduction:- asexually by binary
fission spore formation or budding & sexually by
conjugation
A moeba Paramecium Plasmodium
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ProtozoaProtozoa
y Habitat:- Can be found in damp places such as soil & bark
of tree,
fresh water (amoeba @ paramecium),
body fluid of living things (plasmodium)
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A lgae A lgae
y A lgae are simple plants with chlorophyll but donot have roots, stems or leaves
y U nicellular or multicellular aquatic plants
y Various sizes, range from very small to very big
in size (1 - 100 000 mm)
Chlamydomonas Euglena
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y Shape :- have a variety of shapes. Some arerounds (pleurococcus @ chlmydomonas) for
unicellular, filamentous (spirogyra), ribbon-like or
plate-like shapes for multicellular
Spirogyra Pleurococcus
A lgae A lgae
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y Shape · Nutrition:- autotro phic ( carr y out photos ynthesis) / autotro phs
y Methods of reproduction:- asexually by binary
fission, fragmentation or spore formation &
sexually by conjugation
A lgae A lgae
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y Habitat:- can be found in damp areas that
receive sunlight such as soil & fresh water, salt
water, damp soil or on the damp bark trees
y Special characteristic:- have chloroplast(can produce their own food)
A lgae A lgae
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1.1 classification of micr oorganisms
Bacteria
(a)Fungi
(b)Protozoa
(d)Viruses
(e) A lgae