4 /24 Focus:

• 4/28 Focus: 4/28 Focus: – Military technology and disease allowed

the Spanish to quickly conquer Native people in the Americas.

• Important TermsImportant Terms– Encomienda System

• Do Now:Do Now:– Identify one way that the Inca

adapted to their physical geography and environment.

European Exploration and European Exploration and Imperialism in the AmericasImperialism in the Americas

•

The EncounterThe Encounter

• Oct. 1492 Columbus lands in the West Indies– Encounters Native

Americans • Initial relations

between Spanish and Native Americans were friendly

• This changed when the Spanish tried to exploit Native Americans and their lands for profit

•

• God, Gold, and Glory – God: Spanish wanted to

convert Native Americans to Christianity

• Missionaries: priests who came to the Americas to convert Native Americans

– Gold: acquire wealth for Spain

– Glory: personal wealth and power

ConquistadorsConquistadors

• Spanish soldiers who came to North and South America for God, Gold, Glory

• Conquered native people throughout the Americas– Guns– germs (disease)– iron weapons– the horse

ConquistadorsConquistadors

• Hernan Cortez – Explored Mexico– Conquered the Aztec

Empire in 1519

ConquistadorsConquistadors• Francisco Pizarro

– Explored south America

– Destroyed the Incan Empire in 1532

Missions Missions

• A religious community that usually included a town, surrounding farmland, and a church

Spanish Colonial Spanish Colonial Economy Economy

• Was based on:– mining gold

and silver – Farming

sugar cane on plantations

TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!

TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!

The Encomienda SystemThe Encomienda System• Forced Native

Americans to pay tribute or provide labor to Spanish landowners

The Encomienda SystemThe Encomienda System• Disease and

overwork killed large numbers of Native Americans – Led Spanish to start

bringing slaves from Africa to work plantations

Bartolome de la CasasBartolome de la Casas

• Spanish priest who convinced the Spanish gov’t to pass a law which forbid using Indians as slaves

• Led to Spain using Africans as slaves

• Known as the protector of the Indians

The Spanish Class Structure in The Spanish Class Structure in the Americasthe Americas

The Spanish Class Structure in The Spanish Class Structure in the Americasthe Americas

PeninsularPeninsulareses

CreolesCreoles

MestizoMestizoss

Native AmericansNative Americans African African SlavesSlaves

MulattoesMulattoes

People born in Spain

People born in America with Spanish parents

People with mixed Spanish and Native American/African parents

Spanish Class Structure in the Americas

• Peninsulares – People born in Spain; owned the land; ran

gov’t• Creoles

– Born to Spanish parents in the Americas• Mesitzos & Mulattoes

– People with Spanish and Indian/African parents

• Native Americans & Enslaved Africans

Spanish Government in the Spanish Government in the AmericasAmericas

• Spanish Viceroyalties – Spain divided it’s

territory into 4 provinces– Each province run by a

viceroy appointed by king

•

ClosureClosure

• Identify three reasons that Spanish conquistadors came to the Americas.

• What was the Encomienda System?

• Why did Spain begin bringing in African slaves as labor on their plantations?