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SCIENCE PPT
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Therefore if any man be in
Christ, he is a new creature:
old things are passed away;
behold, all are become new.
2 Corinthians 5:17
SCIENTIFIC
MEASUREMENT
OBJECTIVES
Define Measurement.
Discuss the History of Measurement.
Name the two systems of measurement.
Convert one unit to another.
WHAT IS MEASUREMENT?
A process of expressing the size or quantity ofan object in terms of a known standard unit.
An essential tool in science.
A process of finding out how many times anunknown quantity is contained in a standard.
A comparison of quantity to a standard.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENTS
How does measurementstarted?
How do people long timeago measure objects?
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENTS
Using your own body, determine:
Length of the table;
- using the distance from your elbow to
the tip of your middle finger.
- the distance between the thumb and the
little finger while the hand is outstretched.
Length of chalkboard;
- using the width of the closed hand.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE CUBIT
A cubit is the distance from your elbow to the
tip of your middle finger.
used by Egyptians for building pyramids (2750
B.C.)
Example: Khufu Pyramid at Gizeh in Egypt.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
Example: Khufu Pyramid at Gizeh in Egypt.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE SPAN
A span is the distance
between the thumb and
the little finger while the
hand is outstretched.
used to measure the
height of
horses.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE FATHOM
is the measure from
fingertip to fingertip when
your arms are stretched
sideways as far as they
will go.
used by seamen tomeasure the depth of
water so that boats would
not run aground and be
stranded.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE PACE
is the measure of distance
from one step to another.
This term was used by theRoman army to judge speed.
The term is still used
frequently during various
types of foot races.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE FOOT
A measurement equal to the length of an
individuals foot.
King Henry 1 standardized this
measurement,
because his foot
was 12 inches
long.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
THE PALM
The palm is the
width of your four
fingers when they
are placed together.
HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT
18th Century- dozens of different units of measurement
were commonly used throughout the world.
1790- the French National Assembly commissioned the
Academy of Science to design a simple decimal-based
system of units. The system they devised is known as
the metric system
1960- the metric system was officially named the
Systme International d'Units (or SI for short) and is
now used in nearly every country in the world.
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEMS
OF MEASUREMENT?
Imperial system
Metric system
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Imperial system Standard Systems are based on some standard
to measure against.
Early standard systems often used body parts of the king or ruler as the standard distance.
When the king died, a new measurement system would be created.
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Imperial System- more complicated
- does not work in multiples of ten.
- commonly uses weight rather
than mass.
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Imperial System12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
1760 yards = 1 mile
1 league = 3 miles
6 feet = 1 fathom
22 yards = 1 chain
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Imperial System- Weight
refers to the gravitational
pull of an object.
- Mass
refers to the amount of matter in
an object.
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Imperial System- Weight refers to the gravitational
pull of an object.
Q: Which of the two apple is lighter,
the one on the moon? Or the one
thats on the earth?
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Imperial System- Mass refers to the amount of
matter in an object.
Q: Which of the two apple is
heavier, the one on the moon? Or
the one thats on the earth?
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Imperial SystemBase units:
Length- inches (in), feet (ft), yards and miles
Time- seconds (s), hours (hr), days (d), weeks and years (yr)
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Imperial SystemBase units:
Weight- pounds (lb)
Temperature- Fahrenheit (F)
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Metric System- SI unit (International system).
- the most common system of
measurements in the world.
- easy to use because it is based on
the units of ten.
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Metric System In 1799, Napoleon commissioned a survey to find
the length from the equator to the North Pole.
One ten-millionth of this distance was defined as a metre.
Conversions from one unit to another were all done by factors of 10.
Metric ConversionsgmL
0.1 .01 .001101001000
Baseunit
deci centi millidekahectokilo
Example #1: Convert 18 liters to milliliters
18 L
1 2 3
18 liters = 18 000 milliliters
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Metric SystemBase units:
Length- meter (m)
Time- second (s)
Mass- gram (g)/ kilogram (kg)
Temperature- Kelvin (k)/ Celsius (C)
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
2 kinds of unitsBase units
Examples
-kilogram (kg) -Kelvin (K)
-meter (m) -mole (mol)
-second (s) -ampere (A)
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
2 kinds of unitsDerived units
- combinations of base units.
- cannot be measured directly
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Derived units
Examples:
volume, area, density, speed,
acceleration
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Derived units
Volume- is a measure of how much
space an object can occupy.
V= l x w x h
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
Derived units
Density- is a physical property of
matter. A measure of the amount of
matter contained in a given
volume.
WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM
OF MEASUREMENT?
2 kinds of unitsDerived units
Area- is derived from the units of
linear measure.
A= l x w
THE END.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
GOD BLESS
QUIZ: In a sheet of paper, write the correct answer to the following:
1. A comparison of a quantity to a standard is called _______.
2. ________ measure on how much a space an object can
occupy.
3-4 Give the two systems of measurement.
5. It refers to the amount of matter in an object.
6. ________ a measure of distance from one step to another.
7. Refers to the gravitational pull of an object.
8. What is the name of the King who standardized the
measurement of Foot?
9. In what system does conversions from one unit to another
were all done by factors of 10?
10. What measurement long ago was use in measuring the
height of a horse?
QUIZ: In a sheet of paper, write the correct answer to the following:
1. A comparison of a quantity to a standard is called measurement.
2. Volume measure on how much a space an object can occupy.
3-4 Give the two systems of measurement. Metric & Imperial
5. It refers to the amount of matter in an object. Mass
6. Pace a measure of distance from one step to another.
7. Refers to the gravitational pull of an object. Weight
8. What is the name of the King who standardized the
measurement of Foot? King Henry I
9. In what system does conversions from one unit to another were
all done by factors of 10? Metric
10. What measurement long ago was use in measuring the height
of a horse? Span
CONVERSION FACTORS
HOW TO GO FROM ONE UNIT TO ANOTHER?
Conversion is a process of converting one unit to another.
Dimensional analysis- involves in determining :
What units a problem is given.
What units the answer should be.
What factor to be used to make the conversion from one unit to another.
CONVERSION FACTORS
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN CONVERTING ONE
UNIT TO ANOTHER?
1. Form a unit or unity fraction. Find the basic
relationships between the units.
2. Using this basic relationship put the units you want in
the answer in the numerator of the fraction.
3. Put the units you want to get rid of (are converting
from) in the denominator.
4. Multiply the given quantity by the unity fraction.
5. The units should divide out (cancel), and you should be
left with the units you want.
CONVERSION FACTORS
EXAMPLE:
Convert 12 feet to yards.
1. Form a unit or unity fraction and find the basic relationships
between the units.
The basic relationship is 3 feet= 1 yard
2. The units we want in the answer are yards, so they go into
the numerator. The units of feet are in the denominator.
1 yard
3 feet
CONVERSION FACTORS
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN CONVERTING ONE
UNIT TO ANOTHER?
3. Multiply the given quantity by the unity fraction.
1 yard
12 feet x
3 feet
CONVERSION FACTORS
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN CONVERTING ONE
UNIT TO ANOTHER?
4. The units should divide out (cancel), and you should be
left with the units you want.
1 yard
12 feet x = 4 yards
3 feet
CONVERSION FACTORS
EXAMPLE:
Convert 3 kilometers to meter.
1 kilometer = 1000 meter
1000 m 3000 km . m
3 km x =
1 km km
3000 km . m
km
= 3000 m
CONVERSION FACTORS
EXAMPLE:
Convert kilometer/hour to meter/second
Do in two stages: km/h m/h and m/h m/s
Convert km/h to m/h
1 km 1000 m 1000 km . m 1000 m
h 1 km h . km h
Convert m/h to m/s
1000 m 1 h 1000 m . h 1000 m
h 3600 s 3600 h . s 3600 s
x = =
x = = 0.2777... m/s=
CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Length
Find the correct conversion number (Conversion Charts)
Then multiply by that number
Example: Convert 3 feet into meters.
1 feet = 0.30 m
3 ft = 3 0.30 m = 0.9 m
CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Length
Find the correct conversion number (Conversion Charts)
Then multiply by that number
Example: Convert 5 kilometers into miles.
1 kilometers = 0.62 mile
5 0.62 = 3.1 miles
5 km = 3.1 miles
CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Area
A = L x W
convert once for the length and once again for the width.
Example: Convert 1 square yard into square feet.
1 yd = 3 ft
Result is 3 3 = 9
CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Volume
V = L x W x H
convert once for the length and once again for the width and once more for the height.
CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Volume
Example : Convert 1 cubic yard into cubic feet.
1 yd = 3 ft
3 3 3 = 27.
There are 27 cubic feet
in a cubic yard.
CONVERSION FACTORS
Conversion of Volume
Example : Convert 30 cubic feet into cubic meters (30 ft3 to m3)
1 ft = 0.30 m
30 0.30 0.30 0.30= 0.81
So, 30 ft3 = 0.85 m3
Conversion of Length
CONVERSION TABLE
1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile (mi) 1 mile (mi) = 1.61 kilometer (km)
1 meter (m) = 1.09 yard (yd) 1 yard (yd) = 0.91 meter (m)
1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft) 1 feet (ft) = 0.30 meter (m)
1 centimeter (cm) = 0.39 inch (in) 1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimeter (cm)
1 liter (L) = 0.26 gallon (gal) 1 gallon (gal) = 3.79 liter (L)
1 liter (L) = 1.06 quart (qt) 1 quart (qt) = 0.95 liter (L)
1 kilogram (kg) = 2.20 pound (lb) 1 pound (lb) = 0.45 kilogram (kg)
1 gram (g) = 0.035 ounce (oz) 1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 gram (g)
CONVERSION TABLE
Length Time Volume
12 inches (in.) = 1 foot (ft)60 seconds (sec) = 1
minute (min)
1 teaspoon = 4.9
milliliters
3 feet (ft) = 1 yard (yd)60 minutes (min) = 1
hour (hr)1 cup = 237 milliliters
5,280 feet (ft) = 1 mile (mi) 24 hours (hr) = 1 day 1 pint = 473 milliliters
Weight 7 days = 1 week 1 quart = 0.9 liters
16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound
(lb)52 weeks = 1 year 1 gallon = 3.79 liters
2,000 pounds (lb) = 1 ton
TRY IT OUT!
48 in = ______ ft6 qt = ______ gal5 hr = ______ sec3,000 lb = ______ ton1320 ft = ______ mile525 m = ______km1500 mm = ______m69 cm = _______m0.25 km = ______ cmEmma is 66 inches tall. How tall is she in feet?A mouse weighs 1.3 oz. How much does it weight
in pounds?
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