17 Organizing the Elements periodic table- elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and by...

Organizing the Elements

• periodic table- elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and by changes in physical and chemical properties.

The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table

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The Atom and the Periodic Table

• groups the vertical columns in the periodic table numbered 1 through 18.

• Elements in each group have similar properties.

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Electron Cloud Structure

• Most elements have a neutral charge ….the number of protons equals the electrons

• Therefore, a carbon atom, with an atomic number of six, has six protons and six electrons.

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• Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level.

• The number of electrons in the outer energy level determines the chemical properties of the element.

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Rows on the Table

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Rows on the Table • Each new row on the table starts a new

energy level

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Electron Dot Diagrams

• electron dot diagram uses the symbol of the element and dots to represent the electrons in the outer energy level.

• Shows how the electrons are bonded when elements combine.

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Same Group—Similar Properties • The elements in

Group 17, the halogens, have electron dot diagrams similar to chlorine.

• All halogens have seven electrons in their outer energy levels.

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Same Group—Similar Properties • A common property of the halogens is the

ability to form compounds readily with elements in Group 1.

• Sodium has 1 electron in its outer shell Chlorine has 7 electrons in its outer shell = 8

• Electron shell is full so its happy and forms NaCl—ordinary table salt.

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Same Group—Similar Properties • Not all elements will combine with other

elements. (Complete energy Level)

• The elements in Group 18 have complete outer energy levels.

• This special configuration makes Group 18 elements relatively unreactive.

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Regions on the Periodic Table

• The periodic table has several regions with specific names.

• periods - horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table

• Elements increase by one proton and one electron as you go from left to right

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Regions on the Periodic Table • All of the elements in the blue squares are

metals.

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• Those elements on the right side of the periodic table, in yellow, are classified as nonmetals.

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• The elements in green are metalloids or semimetals.

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Section CheckSection Check

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Question 1

How are the elements arranged in the periodic table?

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Answer

The elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and by changes in physical and chemical properties.

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Question 2

What do the elements in a vertical column of the periodic table have in common?

Answer

17.317.3Section CheckSection Check

The vertical columns in the periodic table are called groups; elements in the same group have similar properties, such as electrical conductivity.

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Question 3

What do the dots in this electron dot diagram represent?

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Answer

The dots represent the electrons in the outer energy level.

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17 Organizing the Elements periodic table- elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and by...

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