11 The Cold War Unfolds Ch 15 Sec 1 22 33 At the end of World War II…

The Cold War The Cold War UnfoldsUnfolds

Ch 15 Sec 1Ch 15 Sec 1

At the end of World War II…

…the world was in ruins.

People wanted peace…

…and needed the world put back together again.

But there were only two countries with the power to rebuild the world:

The United States and The Soviet Union

And, they were total opposites.

The United States wanted the world to have democracy and capitalism, like itself.

But the Soviet Union wanted neither democracy or capitalism…

But the Soviet Union wanted neither democracy nor capitalism…

…they wanted autocracy and communism.

The competition became known as the

“Cold War”…

…and it split the industrialized world in two.

For the next 30 years, the two clashed over…

…China’s communist revolution…

…the creation of Hydrogen Bombs…

…the Korean War…

…the Cuban Missile Crisis…

…the exploration of space…

…the Vietnam War.

• What does playing with an atomic bomb toy say about a culture?

• 2 Min.

The Cold War 1945-1990US vs Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Define Cold War

• The strategic and political struggle that developed after WWII between the United States and it’s Western European allies and the Soviet Union and Eastern European allies

• Democracy vs. Communism

Poll: Who were the cold war superpowers?

The Cold War

• Threat of the spread of Communism led to policy of containment

• US declared to take what ever economic and military means necessary to stop the spread of communism

Poll: Policy to stop the spread of communism?

Two sides of Cold War

• NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• USA, France, Great Britain, West Germany

• CAPITALISMCAPITALISM

• Warsaw Pact – pro Soviet countries – USSR, and all countries controlled by the USSR.

• COMMUNISM

NNorth orth AAtlantic tlantic TTreaty reaty OOrganization rganization (1949)(1949)

United StatesUnited States

BelgiumBelgium

BritainBritain

CanadaCanada

DenmarkDenmark

FranceFrance

IcelandIceland

ItalyItaly

LuxemburgLuxemburg

NetherlandsNetherlands

NorwayNorway

PortugalPortugal

1952: Greece & 1952: Greece & Turkey Turkey

1955: West 1955: West GermanyGermany

1983: Spain1983: Spain

Poll: Principle power of NATO?

Warsaw Pact (1955)Warsaw Pact (1955)

} U. S. S. R.U. S. S. R.

} AlbaniaAlbania

} BulgariaBulgaria

} CzechoslovakCzechoslovakiaia

} East East GermanyGermany

} HungaryHungary

} PolandPoland

} RumaniaRumania

Poll: Principle power of the Warsaw pact?

NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

• Feb 1945• Big Three

o FDRo Churchillo Stalin

• Agreement to govern Germany jointly

Poll: Where did the big three meet to divide G...

Poll: The big three divided Germany into ___ s...

Iron CurtainIron Curtain – – A term used by A term used by Winston Winston

Churchill Churchill to describe the to describe the separating of separating of Those Those

communistcommunistlands of East lands of East Europe from Europe from

the the West. West.

The “Iron Curtain”The “Iron Curtain”

From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an the Adriatic, an iron curtainiron curtain has descended has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.Europe. -- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

LinkLink

Poll: Who coined the term Iron Curtain?

The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)

CheckpoinCheckpointt

CharlieCharlie

Berlin Wall

• Berlin is Germany’s capital city.

• The Soviets built the wall to keep communists from escaping to the American sector.

Poll: Who built the wall that divided Berlin?

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

4444Link Berlin wall interactive

• What does it say about a country if you have to build a wall to keep your people IN?

• 2 Min.

Wall torn down in 1989.

1968 - Prague Spring• On January 5,

reformer Alexander Dubcek came to power, pledging reforms and democratization

• The Prague Spring movement swept across the country.

• Soviet and Warsaw Pact leaders sent 650,000 troops in August.

““Prague Spring” Crushed!Prague Spring” Crushed!•Dubcek arrested and hard-liners restored to power.

•Dissidents/playwrights Dissidents/playwrights arrested [like arrested [like Vaclav Vaclav HavelHavel—future president —future president of a free Czech Republic].of a free Czech Republic].

Poll: What happened to the Prague Spring?

USSR’s First Atomic Test

} The Soviet Union The Soviet Union exploded its first exploded its first A-bomb in 1949.A-bomb in 1949.

} Now there were Now there were two nuclear two nuclear superpowers!superpowers!

Poll: When did the Soviets explode their first...

Poll: Spies contributed to the quick Soviet bo...

5656Soviet Nuclear Missile Target Sites

What would have happened if the Soviets ever decided to expand into Western Europe?

…And it would not have stopped there -

What would happen if we ever fought the Soviets Directly?

Lets nuke Modesto and see what would happen…

US Test Hydrogen Bomb-1952

• 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb

• Set off on Bikini Island in the Marshall Islands

Note the crater

Poll: Where did we vaporize an island to test ...

Link Bikini atoll and nuke testing7:27Link Bikini atoll and nuke testing7:27

Doctrine of First Use

• US stockpiled nuclear weapons in order to initiate nuclear bombing whenever enemy forces threatened America

Poll: Threatening the use of nuclear weapons w...

• Less money than a large army

• More money for atomic weapons of all kinds.

• From 1,000 to18,000 bombs by 1961

• Fighting small wars to stop the spread of Communism was too expensive (like Korea)

• Instead threaten to use nuclear weapons, this policy is called Massive Retaliation

National Defense Budget [1940-1964]

Nuclear Missiles!

SALT and START• SALT – Strategic Arms

Limitation Talks

• START – Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty

• A series of treaties from 1972 to 1991

• Limited nuclear weapons

Poll: What happened to nuclear weapons as a re...

SALT I TREATY

1959 - Castro takes power

• January 1, 1959 leftist forces under Fidel Castro overthrow Batista

Poll: Who led the leftists in Cuba?

Embargoes

• Refusing to trade or aid countries in order to punish them

Cuba embargo

• Still today, the USA has an economic embargo on communist Cuba.

Bay of Pigs

• The CIA trained and funded an invasion of communist Cuba.

• The invasion failed, and Castro had some powerful friends!

Poll: Where did the CIA attempt to invade Cuba...

Khruschev Embraces Castro,Khruschev Embraces Castro,19611961

Soviet response.

• Don’t worry comrade Castro. We got your back!

The Cuban Missile Crisis

• Castro had a powerful ally in Moscow – Khrushchev who promised to defend Cuba with Soviet arms

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

• During the summer of 1962 the Soviets sent nuclear missiles to Cuba

Cuban Missile Crisis

Poll: What were the Soviets trying to put in C...

Poll: The Cuban Missile Crisis took place in t...

• But wait… why did the Soviets do this?

• In 1961, one year prior the U.S. had deployed 15 missiles in Turkey aimed at Western USSR cities including Moscow.

Poll: The Soviets wanted misslies in Cuba beca...

A Blockade..kinda

• Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of Cuba to stop the Soviets from delivering the missiles

• Also that the missiles already in Cuba be removed

Poll: How did Kennedy respond to the CMC?

101101

The Cuban Missile Crisis• Kennedy made it clear that

an attack from Cuba would be considered an attack by the USSR.

• Finally Kruschev agrees to remove the missiles

Link 6 vids

102102

Soviet Union in the Cold WarStalin Dies-1953

103103

Nikita Khrushchev Takes Over

• Closed prison camps• Eased censorship

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1956 - Khrushchev's 'secret speech'

• In a speech, February 14, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev denounces the abuses of Stalin.

• He rejects the Leninist idea of the inevitability of war and calls for a doctrine of "peaceful coexistence." 1959 Kitchen debate

Poll: What happened to opression of Soviets be...

106106

• What do you think is the biggest fear we might have as nation right now?

107107

•Communism and the threat of the atomic bomb dominated life for Americans and their leaders in the 1950s.•The threat of an atomic attack against the United States forced Americans to prepare for a surprise attack.

108108

• Bomb shelters and air raids drills were a result of this fear

109109Duck and Cover

110110

111111

People built more bomb shelters.

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Poll: What happened to world tension because o...

116116

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The Scenario:• Nuclear war has been declared. The only people that will survive the

attack must be inside the bomb shelter. Here is the problem. The bomb shelter only has space and supplies for 6 people. In order to survive, 4 people must stay inside the shelter for at least 3 months. At hand is the survival of humans on Earth. The repopulation of Earth will depend on the 6 people that survive,

The Task:• Your group is to decide, based on the information given, which people

will be allowed to remain (and live) and which people will be left out of the shelter (and die). Carefully evaluate all the information given. Consider their health, experience, age, gender, talents, intelligence, etc.

Next:• On a separate sheet of paper, list the 6 people that will stay in the

shelter. Explain and give reasons why each person was allowed to stay in the shelter. Also, list the people that were chosen to leave and give reasons for this decision. Next, choose a leader for your group to present the decisions to the rest of the class.

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What did Americans build in their backyards to hopefully save them from a nuclear fallout?

•Fallout shelters

119119

Poll: The fear of communism in the 50's was ca...

121121

Why was there a fear of communism in the 1950s?

The fear and distrust of communism intensified in America when the Soviet Union began to test nuclear weapons

122122

• A near hysteria was created in the late 40's and 50's with hearings led by Joseph McCarthy accusing people of belonging to the Communist Party

“Are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?”

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• 1947- HUAC investigated Communist infiltration of the Motion-Picture Industry.

• Unfortunately McCarthy was making unproven charges and accusing innocents

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• 1954- Finally, an army lawyer named Joseph Welch stood up to McCarthy.

• Later that year, the Senate passed a vote of censure, or formal disapproval, against McCarthy.

McCarthy you are a liar and an

idiot!

128128

• Students pick a small piece of paper from a plastic bag. Some of the pieces of paper have a red dot on them while most of the pieces are blank. Students are not to reveal what is on their piece of paper to anyone else.

• The object of the “game” is for the students to create the largest group possible without any red dots. They may question each other as they form groups. The largest group without a member with a red dot wins. Any person who holds a red dot and has infiltrated a group wins.

• The purpose of the “game” is for the students to experience some of the suspicions associated with the McCarthy Era.

• END

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Group Assignment

• Get into groups of your own choice– 4 people

• Create a timeline for the Cold War using people, events, locations etc for the decade I assign to you

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11 The Cold War Unfolds Ch 15 Sec 1 22 33 At the end of World War II…

Documents

Cold War Timesthe Cold War Museum is dedicated to preserving Cold War history and honoring Cold War Veterans. For more information: Cold War Museum, P.O. Box 178, Fairfax, VA 22030

Origins of the Cold War Origins of the Cold War The Cold War Heats Up The Cold War Heats Up The Korean War The Korean War The Continuing Cold War The Continuing

The Cold War: 1946 - 1991 The Cold War: 1946 - 1991

The Cold War The Cold War. The Cold War - Origins The Cold War - Origins Conflicting goals and ideologies linked to origin of Cold War U.S.S.R. - security

The Cold War APUSH: Chapter 36: The Cold War Begins

Cold War, Hot War

The Early Cold War: 1945-1953 The Early Cold War: 1945-1953 The Cold War at Home

1946 to 1961: Three Main Themes COLD WAR COLD WAR CONSUMERISM CONSUMERISM CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT COLD WAR COLD WAR CONSUMERISM CONSUMERISM

TThe Cold War he Cold War Begins - Burlington Area … EVENTS TThe Cold War he Cold War Begins 758 Chapter 22 The Cold War Begins SECTION 1 The Origins of the Cold War ... United States,

The Cold War: 1947-1991 The Cold War: 1947-1991 The Cold War: “Big Three” at Yalta

The Cold War Unfolds - cf.edliostatic.comcf.edliostatic.com/p06l61mADyFe49qWYCwWiog3qaHLb8Ng.pdfArms Race Superpowers engaged in weapons race Both sides developed nuclear weapons To

COLD WAR OPPOSITION The small conflicts of the Cold War

Beginnings of the Cold War - Cold War I

Chapter 29 – The Cold War. Origins of the Cold War

Review The Cold War. Cold War Review Game GOOD LUCK

The Cold War Unfolds Chapter 15 Section 1. Superpowers After WWII, the USA and the USSR emerged as superpowers – nations stronger than other powerful

World War II and the Cold War Dictators and War Mobilizing for War Roots of the Cold War The Cold War Expands

The Cold War A Bipolar World. 2 Cold War Confrontation

Berlin during the Cold War Berlin during the Cold War

Cold War-