11 The Cold War Unfolds Ch 15 Sec 1 22 33 At the end of World War II…

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The Cold War The Cold War UnfoldsUnfolds

Ch 15 Sec 1Ch 15 Sec 1

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At the end of World War II…

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…the world was in ruins.

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People wanted peace…

…and needed the world put back together again.

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But there were only two countries with the power to rebuild the world:

The United States and The Soviet Union

And, they were total opposites.

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The United States wanted the world to have democracy and capitalism, like itself.

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But the Soviet Union wanted neither democracy or capitalism…

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But the Soviet Union wanted neither democracy nor capitalism…

…they wanted autocracy and communism.

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The competition became known as the

“Cold War”…

…and it split the industrialized world in two.

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For the next 30 years, the two clashed over…

…China’s communist revolution…

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…the creation of Hydrogen Bombs…

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…the Korean War…

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…the Cuban Missile Crisis…

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…the exploration of space…

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…the Vietnam War.


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QW

• What does playing with an atomic bomb toy say about a culture?

• 2 Min.

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The Cold War 1945-1990US vs Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

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Define Cold War

• The strategic and political struggle that developed after WWII between the United States and it’s Western European allies and the Soviet Union and Eastern European allies

• Democracy vs. Communism

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Poll: Who were the cold war superpowers?

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The Cold War

• Threat of the spread of Communism led to policy of containment

• US declared to take what ever economic and military means necessary to stop the spread of communism

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Poll: Policy to stop the spread of communism?

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Two sides of Cold War

• NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• USA, France, Great Britain, West Germany

• CAPITALISMCAPITALISM

• Warsaw Pact – pro Soviet countries – USSR, and all countries controlled by the USSR.

• COMMUNISM

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NNorth orth AAtlantic tlantic TTreaty reaty OOrganization rganization (1949)(1949)

United StatesUnited States

BelgiumBelgium

BritainBritain

CanadaCanada

DenmarkDenmark

FranceFrance

IcelandIceland

ItalyItaly

LuxemburgLuxemburg

NetherlandsNetherlands

NorwayNorway

PortugalPortugal

1952: Greece & 1952: Greece & Turkey Turkey

1955: West 1955: West GermanyGermany

1983: Spain1983: Spain

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Poll: Principle power of NATO?

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Warsaw Pact (1955)Warsaw Pact (1955)

} U. S. S. R.U. S. S. R.

} AlbaniaAlbania

} BulgariaBulgaria

} CzechoslovakCzechoslovakiaia

} East East GermanyGermany

} HungaryHungary

} PolandPoland

} RumaniaRumania

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Poll: Principle power of the Warsaw pact?

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NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

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Yalta

• Feb 1945• Big Three

o FDRo Churchillo Stalin

• Agreement to govern Germany jointly

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Poll: Where did the big three meet to divide G...

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Poll: The big three divided Germany into ___ s...

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Iron CurtainIron Curtain – – A term used by A term used by Winston Winston

Churchill Churchill to describe the to describe the separating of separating of Those Those

communistcommunistlands of East lands of East Europe from Europe from

the the West. West.

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The “Iron Curtain”The “Iron Curtain”

From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an the Adriatic, an iron curtainiron curtain has descended has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.Europe. -- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

LinkLink

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Poll: Who coined the term Iron Curtain?

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The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)

CheckpoinCheckpointt

CharlieCharlie

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Berlin Wall

• Berlin is Germany’s capital city.

• The Soviets built the wall to keep communists from escaping to the American sector.

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Poll: Who built the wall that divided Berlin?

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Berlin WallBerlin Wall

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4444Link Berlin wall interactive

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QW

• What does it say about a country if you have to build a wall to keep your people IN?

• 2 Min.

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Wall torn down in 1989.

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1968 - Prague Spring• On January 5,

reformer Alexander Dubcek came to power, pledging reforms and democratization

• The Prague Spring movement swept across the country.

• Soviet and Warsaw Pact leaders sent 650,000 troops in August.

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““Prague Spring” Crushed!Prague Spring” Crushed!•Dubcek arrested and hard-liners restored to power.

•Dissidents/playwrights Dissidents/playwrights arrested [like arrested [like Vaclav Vaclav HavelHavel—future president —future president of a free Czech Republic].of a free Czech Republic].

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Poll: What happened to the Prague Spring?

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USSR’s First Atomic Test

} The Soviet Union The Soviet Union exploded its first exploded its first A-bomb in 1949.A-bomb in 1949.

} Now there were Now there were two nuclear two nuclear superpowers!superpowers!

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Poll: When did the Soviets explode their first...

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Poll: Spies contributed to the quick Soviet bo...

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5656Soviet Nuclear Missile Target Sites

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What would have happened if the Soviets ever decided to expand into Western Europe?

…And it would not have stopped there -

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What would happen if we ever fought the Soviets Directly?

Lets nuke Modesto and see what would happen…

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US Test Hydrogen Bomb-1952

• 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb

• Set off on Bikini Island in the Marshall Islands

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Note the crater

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Poll: Where did we vaporize an island to test ...

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Link Bikini atoll and nuke testing7:27Link Bikini atoll and nuke testing7:27

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Doctrine of First Use

• US stockpiled nuclear weapons in order to initiate nuclear bombing whenever enemy forces threatened America

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Poll: Threatening the use of nuclear weapons w...

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• Less money than a large army

• More money for atomic weapons of all kinds.

• From 1,000 to18,000 bombs by 1961

• Fighting small wars to stop the spread of Communism was too expensive (like Korea)

• Instead threaten to use nuclear weapons, this policy is called Massive Retaliation

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National Defense Budget [1940-1964]

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Nuclear Missiles!

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SALT and START• SALT – Strategic Arms

Limitation Talks

• START – Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty

• A series of treaties from 1972 to 1991

• Limited nuclear weapons

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Poll: What happened to nuclear weapons as a re...

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Poll: What happened to nuclear weapons as a re...

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SALT I TREATY

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1959 - Castro takes power

• January 1, 1959 leftist forces under Fidel Castro overthrow Batista

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Poll: Who led the leftists in Cuba?

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Embargoes

• Refusing to trade or aid countries in order to punish them

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Cuba embargo

• Still today, the USA has an economic embargo on communist Cuba.

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Bay of Pigs

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Bay of Pigs

• The CIA trained and funded an invasion of communist Cuba.

• The invasion failed, and Castro had some powerful friends!

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Poll: Where did the CIA attempt to invade Cuba...

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Khruschev Embraces Castro,Khruschev Embraces Castro,19611961

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Soviet response.

• Don’t worry comrade Castro. We got your back!

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The Cuban Missile Crisis

• Castro had a powerful ally in Moscow – Khrushchev who promised to defend Cuba with Soviet arms

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Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

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• During the summer of 1962 the Soviets sent nuclear missiles to Cuba

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Cuban Missile Crisis

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Poll: What were the Soviets trying to put in C...

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Poll: The Cuban Missile Crisis took place in t...

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• But wait… why did the Soviets do this?

• In 1961, one year prior the U.S. had deployed 15 missiles in Turkey aimed at Western USSR cities including Moscow.

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Poll: The Soviets wanted misslies in Cuba beca...

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A Blockade..kinda

• Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of Cuba to stop the Soviets from delivering the missiles

• Also that the missiles already in Cuba be removed

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Poll: How did Kennedy respond to the CMC?

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The Cuban Missile Crisis• Kennedy made it clear that

an attack from Cuba would be considered an attack by the USSR.

• Finally Kruschev agrees to remove the missiles

Link 6 vids

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Soviet Union in the Cold WarStalin Dies-1953

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Nikita Khrushchev Takes Over

• Closed prison camps• Eased censorship

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1956 - Khrushchev's 'secret speech'

• In a speech, February 14, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev denounces the abuses of Stalin.

• He rejects the Leninist idea of the inevitability of war and calls for a doctrine of "peaceful coexistence." 1959 Kitchen debate

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Poll: What happened to opression of Soviets be...

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• What do you think is the biggest fear we might have as nation right now?

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•Communism and the threat of the atomic bomb dominated life for Americans and their leaders in the 1950s.•The threat of an atomic attack against the United States forced Americans to prepare for a surprise attack.

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• Bomb shelters and air raids drills were a result of this fear

109109Duck and Cover

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People built more bomb shelters.

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Poll: What happened to world tension because o...

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The Scenario:• Nuclear war has been declared. The only people that will survive the

attack must be inside the bomb shelter. Here is the problem. The bomb shelter only has space and supplies for 6 people. In order to survive, 4 people must stay inside the shelter for at least 3 months. At hand is the survival of humans on Earth. The repopulation of Earth will depend on the 6 people that survive,

The Task:• Your group is to decide, based on the information given, which people

will be allowed to remain (and live) and which people will be left out of the shelter (and die). Carefully evaluate all the information given. Consider their health, experience, age, gender, talents, intelligence, etc.

Next:• On a separate sheet of paper, list the 6 people that will stay in the

shelter. Explain and give reasons why each person was allowed to stay in the shelter. Also, list the people that were chosen to leave and give reasons for this decision. Next, choose a leader for your group to present the decisions to the rest of the class.

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What did Americans build in their backyards to hopefully save them from a nuclear fallout?

•Fallout shelters

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Poll: The fear of communism in the 50's was ca...

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Why was there a fear of communism in the 1950s?

The fear and distrust of communism intensified in America when the Soviet Union began to test nuclear weapons

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• A near hysteria was created in the late 40's and 50's with hearings led by Joseph McCarthy accusing people of belonging to the Communist Party

“Are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?”

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• 1947- HUAC investigated Communist infiltration of the Motion-Picture Industry.

• Unfortunately McCarthy was making unproven charges and accusing innocents

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• 1954- Finally, an army lawyer named Joseph Welch stood up to McCarthy.

• Later that year, the Senate passed a vote of censure, or formal disapproval, against McCarthy.

McCarthy you are a liar and an

idiot!

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• Students pick a small piece of paper from a plastic bag. Some of the pieces of paper have a red dot on them while most of the pieces are blank. Students are not to reveal what is on their piece of paper to anyone else.

• The object of the “game” is for the students to create the largest group possible without any red dots. They may question each other as they form groups. The largest group without a member with a red dot wins. Any person who holds a red dot and has infiltrated a group wins.

• The purpose of the “game” is for the students to experience some of the suspicions associated with the McCarthy Era.

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• END

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Group Assignment

• Get into groups of your own choice– 4 people

• Create a timeline for the Cold War using people, events, locations etc for the decade I assign to you

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Slide Contents

2 Suggested verbal notes for presenters

3 Instructions slide to educate audiences on responding via text messages.

4 Instructions slide to educate audiences on responding via web or mobile web. This must be enabled on your poll in PollEverywhere.com.

5 Instructions slide to educate audiences on responding via Twitter. This must be enabled on your poll in PollEverywhere.com.

6+ The actual poll(s) you downloaded are embedded on these slides.

What’s next? Jump to slide 6 and enter Slide Show mode to see your poll in action. Copy & paste slide 6 and beyond into your own presentation, or just use this presentation.

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Presenter Text Polling Notes• Explain what’s going on

– “Now I’m going to ask for your opinion. You’ll use your phones to respond just like on American Idol. So please take out your cell phones, but remember to leave them on silent.”

– “You’ll participate by sending a text message. If you don’t know how to do that, just ask your kids! Or have your neighbor help you figure it out.”

• Address their concerns– “This is a just standard rate text message, so it may be free for you, or up to twenty cents

on some carriers if you do not have a text messaging plan.”– “The service we are using is serious about privacy. We cannot see your phone numbers,

and you’ll never receive follow-up text messages outside this presentation. There’s only one thing worse than email spam – and that’s text message spam because you have to pay to receive it!”

• Use a demo or practice poll– For example, a Free Text Poll like “Let’s Practice: Text in your first name!”

• Always test your polls in your presentation before your event using the computer that will be projecting your presentation, especially if that computer is not the one you’re currently using.

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How To Vote via Texting

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How To Vote via PollEv.com

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11 The Cold War Unfolds Ch 15 Sec 1 22 33 At the end of World War II…