1 Learning By Observation Module 20. 2 3 Bandura’s Experiments Applications of Observational...

Learning By Observation

Module 20

Bandura’s Experiments

Applications of Observational Learning

Learning by Observation Overview

Learning by Observation

Higher animals, especially humans,

learn through observing and

imitating others.

The monkey on the right imitates the

monkey on the left in touching the pictures in a certain order to

obtain a reward.

erb Terrace

p. 244

Mirror Neurons

Neuroscientists discovered mirror neurons in the brains of animals and humans that are active during observational learning. Neurons that shaped

civilization at TED 7:44

Imitation Onset

Learning by observation begins early in life. This

14-month-old child imitates the adult on TV

in pulling a toy apart.

Children see, children do.

Bandura's Experiments

Bandura's Bobo doll study (1961)

indicated that individuals (children)

learn through imitating others who receive rewards and

punishments.

General idea“People learn by

observing others.”

Bandura Methodology

• You do not have to write this methodology, it will become clear when you see the clips of the research.

Albert Bandura: Hypothesis

• Believed we learn through observation and imitation• Hypothesized that children would imitate aggressive

behavior they observed

Bandura’s Methodology

• Children watched films of adults beating Bobo dolls• Three groups: aggression-rewarded, aggression-

punished, no consequences• Children went into rooms with toys

Bandura’s Results

• Children in the aggression-punished group expressed the fewest aggressive behaviors toward the Bobo dolls

• Children in the other two groups expressed an equal number of aggressive behaviors and were more aggressive than children in the aggression-punished group

MODELREWARDED

MODELPUNISHED

NOCONSEQUENCES

GIRLSBOYS

EFFECT OF OBSERVED CONSEQUENCE ON IMITATIVE BEHAVIOR

Bandura’s Experiment Cont.

• Children then promised rewards for imitating the adult in the film

• Now, all three groups were equally aggressive

• Children had learned the aggressive behavior from the film, but those who saw the adults being punished were less likely to act aggressively

Viewing aggressive behavior

Rewards for imitation Aggressive behavior

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

• Relates to effects of violence and other images on TV and in the movies

• Children imitate good and neutral behaviors as well as bad ones

This series of photographs shows children observing and modeling aggressive behavior.

Albert Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment 5:03

Applications of Observational Learning

Bandura’s studies show that antisocial

models (family, neighborhood or

TV) may have antisocial effects.

Positive Observational Learning

Prosocial (positive, helpful) models may have prosocial effects.

Television and Observational Learning

Gentile et al., (2004) shows that children in elementary school who are exposed to violent television, videos, and video

games express increased

aggression.

Modeling Violence

Research shows that viewing media violence leads to an increased expression of aggression.

Children modeling after pro wrestlers

Video games, a good side?

• The better that people got at Medal of Honor, the more their attention and memory skills outside the game skyrocketed.

EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY(7th Edition in Modules)

David Myers

PowerPoint SlidesAneeq Ahmad, Amy Jones

w Garber editsHenderson State

University

1 Learning By Observation Module 20. 2 3 Bandura’s Experiments Applications of Observational...

Documents

ACUTE, PRIMARY, AND SPECIALTY CARE PEDIATRIC … · Dreyfus Skill Acquisition Model 15 Table: Dreyfus Skills Acquisition Model 16 Bandura’s Social Learning Theory 16

Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Learning Theory: Self Efficacy Expectations

Learning from Observation Using Primitives Darrin Bentivegna

UNIT V: LEARNING. LEARNING Learning from Observation Inductive Learning Decision Trees Explanation based Learning Statistical Learning methods Reinforcement

Learning from Reciprocal Peer Observation: A collaborative

Learning Observation Instrument Handbook

Valuing Young Children’s Signs of Learning: Observation

1 Learning By Observation Module 20. 2 Bandura’s Experiments Applications of Observational Learning Learning by Observation Overview

Observation Template - Learning Space Toolkit · Observation Template The Observation Template can be used to capture observation data in spaces around your ... a completed example

A study in Bandura’s self-efficacy Theory

Joint Learning From Earth Observation and OpenStreetMap ...openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2017_workshops/... · Joint Learning from Earth Observation and OpenStreetMap Data to

Peer observation for distance learning e-tutors:

How to Observe. Learning How to Observe Observation Techniques What is Covert Observation What is Overt Observation What is Participation Observation

Learning Observation Instrument - mcesa.schoolwires.netmcesa.schoolwires.net/cms/lib03/AZ00001882/Centricity/Domain/121/... · The Learning Observation Instrument (LOI) The REIL Learning

Applications of Bandura’s theory Implications for human behavior

Virtual Learning Online Classroom Observation Tools ... · Online Classroom Observation Tools Virtual Learning Observation Form This observation form is aligned to Virginia’s Performance

LEARNING FROM OBSERVATION: CONCEPTUAL CLUSTERING

Observation Methods: Learning about Leadership … about Leadership Practice through Shadowing ... on their predominant research method: ... Observation Methods: Learning about Leadership

Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Presented by Caley Foster

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory Applied to a “How-to” Expository