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INSPIREINSPIREDirective of the European Parliament and the Council Directive of the European Parliament and the Council
establishing an establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European CommunityInfrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community
John PepperJohn Pepper
United Kingdom United Kingdom Hydrographic OfficeHydrographic Office
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Bringing data and services together Bringing data and services together through a Spatial Data Infrastructurethrough a Spatial Data Infrastructure
Data and services easily
discoverable and accessible to
users
Like a road infrastructure makes it possible to connect
different places, a spatial data infrastructure makes it possible to connect data and services located at
different sources
Easier development of new applications
and services
InstitutionalInstitutional frameworkframework
Information Information ServicesServices
Fundamental Fundamental data setsdata sets
Technical Technical standardsstandards
ComponentsComponents
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Why INSPIRE? Why INSPIRE? Increasing number of environmental policies Increasing number of environmental policies
that have a strong spatial dimensionthat have a strong spatial dimension
• Marine thematic strategy• Thematic strategy on natural resources and on recycling• New soil monitoring system• Revision of SEVESO Directives on hazardous substances• Proposal for Directive on control of pipelines • Integrated Coastal Zone Management• The revised forest monitoring regulation• Noise Directive• Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) • European Action programme on flood risk management
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Example: Proposed Directive on the Example: Proposed Directive on the Assessment and Management of Floods (2006)Assessment and Management of Floods (2006)
• In the period 1998-2002 floods comprised 43% of all disaster events in Europe– 100 major floods– 700 dead– Half a million displaced people– 25 billion Euros uninsured economic loss
• Along the Rhine, 10 m people live in areas liable to extreme flooding, potential damage estimated at 165 bn. Euros
• 101,000 kms of coastline, population doubled in last 50 years. Assets within 500 mt of coast = 500-1000 bn euros.
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70% of all fresh 70% of all fresh water bodies in water bodies in Europe are part of Europe are part of a trans-boundary a trans-boundary river basin !!river basin !!
Risk assessment Risk assessment is compounded by is compounded by problems related problems related to quality of land to quality of land use data, use data, protected areas, protected areas, etc.etc.
Agreement that a common Agreement that a common strategy is neededstrategy is needed
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Past approaches have limitationsPast approaches have limitations• CORINE “Coordination of Information on the Environment” -
85/338/EEC: Council Decision 27/6/1985 – Experimental project for gathering, coordinating and ensuring the
consistency of information on the state of the environment and natural resources in the Community
• Problems:– Variable data access policy– Lack of consistency with other data– Irregular updating– No long term perspective– Lack of quality/reliability– Lack of synchronization
with other MS data
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NATURA 2000NATURA 2000• Directive 92/43/EEC and
97/62/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora– SCI (Sites of community
importance)– SAC (Special Areas of
Conservation)
• Directive 78/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds– SPA (Special Protection
Areas)
Natura 200022.500 areas, 12-15% of the EU15
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What are the problems?What are the problems? Different quality and
different types of attribute information• Data compiled by
Member States:– Paper map / site– Descriptive database– Digital Spatial data
• Data are validated and integrated by DG ENV
• Data sources:– In general 1/100.000,
on topographic maps– Exceptionally 1/250.000
(very large sites)– Often 1/25.000 –
1/1.500 (cadastre)
Activities
•Agricultural structures
•Landfill, land reclamation and drying out
•Professional fishing
•Modification of cultivation practices
•Continuous urbanisation
Area = 67 ha
Species
•Falco Subbuteo
•Rhinolophus Hipposideros
•Lycaena Dispar
•Bombina Variegata
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Natura2000 Data harmonisation Natura2000 Data harmonisation problems problems
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Data utilization problemsData utilization problems
Natura2000 – Typical Questions
• In which administrative region is the site?
• Major roads running through the area?
• Variation of altitude and slope?
• Location of nearest villages and cities?
• How are the land cover and land use distributed?
• Where are potentially polluting nucleus’ situated?
• Is there an area eligible for Community funding? Only data of poor quality are available to
answer those questions….
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But good local dataalready exist and are
accessible !
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EC Proposal for a Directive establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in the
Community – INSPIRE
In Summary:In Summary:Environmental Needs• Better information needed to support
policies [6EAP]• Improvement of existing information
flows• Diversity across regions to be
considered• Revision of approach to reporting and
monitoring, moving to concept of sharing of information
Situation in Europe• Data policy restrictions• Lack of co-ordination across borders and
between levels of government • Lack of standards incompatible
information and information systems• Existing data not re-usable
fragmentation of information, redundancy, inability to integrate
Environmental data• 90% of is linked to geography• Out of 58 data components needed for
environmental policy :– 32 are multi-sectoral – 16 are environmental only– 10 are related to other sectors
• These 32 components allow to: – link different ENV themes together: policy
coherence– link with other sectors: integration
source EEA
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• INSPIRE lays down general rules to establish an infrastructure for spatial information in Europe for the purposes of Community environmental policies and policies or activities which may have an impact on the environment.
– This infrastructure shall build upon infrastructures for spatial information established and operated by the Member States.
• INSPIRE does not require collection of new spatial data – electronic format
• INSPIRE does not affect Intellectual Property Rights
INSPIRE DirectiveINSPIRE DirectiveGeneral ProvisionsGeneral Provisions
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INSPIRE COMPONENTSINSPIRE COMPONENTS
• METADATA
• INTEROPERABILITY OF SPATIAL DATA SETS AND
SERVICES
• NETWORK SERVICES
• DATA SHARING (policy)• COORDINATION AND COMPLEMENTARY MEASURES –
Monitoring & Reporting
INSPIRE is a Framework Directive
Detailed technical provisions for the issues above will be laid down in Implementing Rules (IR)
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WhatWhat Kind of Spatial Data ? Kind of Spatial Data ?
• Whose ? - Spatial data held by or on behalf of a public authority operating down to the lowest level of government when laws or regulations require their collection or dissemination
• Which data ? - INSPIRE covers 34 Spatial Data Themes laid down in 3 Annexes – (required to successfully build environmental information systems)
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INSPIRE Spatial Data ScopeINSPIRE Spatial Data Scope
Annex I
1. Coordinate reference systems
2. Geographical grid systems
3. Geographical names
4. Administrative units
5. Addresses
6. Cadastral parcels
7. Transport networks
8. Hydrography
9. Protected sites
Annex II
1. Elevation
2. Land cover
3. Ortho-imagery
4. Geology
Harmonised spatial data specifications more stringent for Annex I and II than for Annex III
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Annex III1. Statistical units2. Buildings3. Soil4. Land use5. Human health and safety6. Utility and governmental
services7. Environmental monitoring
facilities8. Production and industrial
facilities9. Agricultural and
aquaculture facilities10.Population distribution –
demography
11. Area management/restriction/regulation zones & reporting units
12. Natural risk zones13. Atmospheric conditions14. Meteorological geographical
features15. Oceanographic geographical
features16. Sea regions17. Bio-geographical regions18. Habitats and biotopes19. Species distribution20. Energy Resources21. Mineral resources
INSPIRE Thematic ScopeINSPIRE Thematic Scope
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Why are all these themes needed ?Why are all these themes needed ?- Just another example ....- Just another example ....
Creation of SDI to assist in the analysis ofhealth impacts
• Exposure Data• Health Data• Socio- economic data• Geographical data• Environmental data
Air Pollution and Cancer -
Air Pollution Cancer Cases
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INSPIRE Data Sharing PolicyINSPIRE Data Sharing Policy• Member States shall adopt measures for the sharing
of data and services between public authorities for public tasks relating to the environment without restrictions occurring at the point of use.
• Public authorities may charge, license each other and Community institutions provided this does not create an obstacle to sharing.
• When spatial data or services are provided to Community institutions for reporting obligations under Community law relating to the environment then this will not be subject to charging.
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From Commission proposal to From Commission proposal to Community Directive implementationCommunity Directive implementation
• Preparatory phase (2004-2006)– Co-decision procedure– Preparation of Implementing Rules
• Transposition phase (2007-2008)– Directive enters into force– Transposition into national legislation– INSPIRE Committee starts its activities– Adoption of Implementation Rules by Comitology
• Implementation phase (2009-2013)– implementation and monitoring of measures
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MetadataMetadata
Member States shall create metadata and keep them up to date
• Metadata shall include:– Conformity with IR on interoperability – Conditions for access and use– Quality and validity– The public authorities responsible– Limitations on public access
• Once Implementing Rules adopted:– Created within 2 years for Annex I, II– Created within 5 years for Annex III
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Interoperability of Interoperability of spatial data sets and services (1)spatial data sets and services (1)
Implementing Rules shall be adopted for interoperability and where practical for harmonisation of spatial data sets and
services• Based on relevant user requirements• Integrate existing international standards, if appropriate• Feasible, proportionate, cost-benefit into account (Member
States shall provide information on request)• Member States shall once IR adopted:
– Make services and new data conform within 2 years– Make other spatial data still in use conform (can be done through
transformation service) within 7 years
• Stakeholders shall be given opportunity to participate in development of this Implementing Rule
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Interoperability of Interoperability of spatial data sets and services (2)spatial data sets and services (2)
• Harmonised data specifications– Annex I, II, III:
• definition and classification of spatial objects• geo-referencing
– Annex I, II:• common framework of unique identifiers for spatial objects;• relationship between spatial objects;• key attributes and corresponding multilingual thesauri;• Information on the temporal dimension of the data;• how to exchange updates of the data.
• 3rd parties shall have access to these specifications at conditions not restricting their use
• Cross-border issues shall be agreed on
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Network ServicesNetwork Services
Member States shall operate a network of the following services available to the public for data sets and services for which metadata has been created:
• Discovery services; No charge• View services; No charge (exceptions)• Download services; • Transformation services, • Services allowing spatial data services to be invoked
- Access to services may be restricted
- Services shall be available on request to 3rd parties under conditions
- Implementing Rules will be adopted (cost-benefit considerations)
- INSPIRE GEO portal shall be established – Member States geo-portals
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INSPIRE INSPIRE Roadmap (Roadmap (1/3)1/3)
Mile-stone
Description
2007 X Entry into force of INSPIRE Directive
2007 X+3m Establishment of the INSPIRE Committee
2007 X +1y Implementing Rules for the creation and up-dating of the metadata
Implementing Rules for discovery and view services
Implementing Rules for monitoring and reporting
Implementing Rules governing access and rights of use to spatial data sets and services for Community institutions and bodies
2009 X + 2y Implementing Rules for download and invoke services
2009 X + 2y Implementing Rules for harmonised spatial data specifications and for the exchange of Annex I spatial data
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Mile-stone
Provisions of Directive are brought into force in MS (transposition date)
2009 X + 2y Designation of responsible public authorities for spatial data sets and services
2009 X + 2y Implementation of data sharing framework of spatial data sets and services between public bodies
2009 X + 2y Implementation of provisions on monitoring
2010 X + 3y Metadata available for spatial data corresponding to Annex I and Annex II spatial data
2010 X + 3y Discovery and View Network services are operational
2010 X + 3y Member States’ First Report to the Commission. From then onwards MS have to present reports every 3 years
INSPIRE RoadmapINSPIRE Roadmap (2/3) (2/3)
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INSPIRE INSPIRE Roadmap (Roadmap (3/3)3/3)Mile-stone Provisions of Directive are brought into force in MS (transposition
date)
2011 X + 4y New or updated spatial data sets available in accordance with Implementing Rules for harmonised spatial data specifications and exchange for Annex I spatial data
2011 X + 4y Download Network Service operational for harmonised spatial data specifications and exchange for Annex I spatial data
2012 X + 5y Implementing Rules for harmonised spatial data specifications and for the exchange of Annex II and Annex III spatial data
2013 X + 6y Metadata available for Annex III spatial data
2014 X + 7y Commission’s report to the EP and the Council. From then onwards the Commission has to present reports every 6 years
2016 X + 9y All spatial data sets in use available in accordance with Implementing Rules for harmonised spatial data specifications and exchange for Annex I spatial data
2019 X + 12y All spatial data sets in use available in accordance with Implementing Rules for harmonised spatial data specifications and exchange for Annex II and Annex III spatial data
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Implementing INSPIREImplementing INSPIRE• Needs to consider the broader context of existing
initiatives which could contribute • Interfaces with initiatives GMES, GEO/GEOSS,
GALILEO, global developments of spatial data infrastructures
• Bottom-up implementation by Spatial Data Interest Communities, SDIC
• SDIC bundle the human expertise of users, producers and transformers of spatial information, technical competence, financial resources and policies. Many SDIC exist today, generally organised by region, thematic issue or sector (industry).
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Commission Services co-ordinate
Spatial Data Interest Communities participate
Projectscontribute
Drafting Teams
Consolidation Team
Proto-typestest
Pilots validate
CEN, ISO, OGC contribute
INSPIRE Expert Group advises
INSPIRECommittee
votes
ECadopts
Publicreviews
Implementing RulesDraft
Implementing RulesFormal Internet Consultation
ReviewCall for InterestExisting Reference Material
Experts are proposed
Association phase Drafting phase Review phase
LMOsreview
MSapply
INSPIRE process 2005-2009INSPIRE process 2005-2009
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The role of SDICThe role of SDIC Spatial Data Interest Communities Spatial Data Interest Communities
• To collect and describe user requirements, • To submit/develop reference materials• To allocate experts to the drafting teams,• To participate in the review process, • To implement pilot projects
– to test/revise/develop the draft Implementing Rules,
• To contribute to cost/benefit analysis – to assess costs of the draft Implementing Rules,
• To contribute to awareness raising and training
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The role of Legally The role of Legally Mandated Organisations (LMO)Mandated Organisations (LMO)
• To collaborate within the SDICs, or autonomously in providing technical specifications
• To help identify user needs • To contribute to the analysis of the technical and
operational feasibility of implementation of proposed draft Implementing Rules
• To provide feedback on the cost/benefit consequences of Implementing Rules at Member State level.
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22-06-2005
Spatial Data Interest Communities (SDICs)
139
Legally Mandate Organisations (LMOs)
89
Proposed Experts 193
Referenced Materials 96
Identified Projects 94
Results of the call for ExpertsResults of the call for ExpertsOpened on 1 March 2005Opened on 1 March 2005
Experts registered per countryExperts registered per country
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The role of The role of Drafting Teams (DT)Drafting Teams (DT)
• To analyse and review the reference material
• To write draft INSPIRE Implementing Rules
• To provide recommendations to the Consolidation Team, CT (EC) - in case of conflicting technical specifications
• To provide suggestions to the CT for testing any proposed specification
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The role of projects, The role of projects, pilots and prototypespilots and prototypes
• To develop representative use-case scenarios• To develop/test specifications for IR development• To demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of
interoperability-based solutions• To acquire experience in implementing
interoperability-based solutions• To determine cost and benefit of interoperability
based solutions on the basis of real cases
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Example of participative processExample of participative process in IR development in IR development
• Call for experts March 2005• Drafting Teams established in October 2005• Draft IR for Metadata published on 2nd Feb. 2007 based on
requirement of Directive, review of existing material submitted by SDICS and LMOs, international standards, and drafting team knowledge.
• Open for comments by SDICs and LMOs over an 8 week period
• Revised Draft to be published in the Summer 2007• Open for public consultation for an 8 week period NOW• Commission develops its proposal based on all input received
and submits to Regulatory Committee
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ConclusionsConclusions
• INSPIRE is a framework Directive with top-down Implementing Rules developed
But…
• Bottom-up development of Implementing Rules through stakeholder participation - the “Spatial Data Interest Communities”
• Open and transparent drafting and review of Implementing Rules
• Pilots and Projects play a key role to define and validate the Implementing Rules
• INSPIRE is a pillar of GMES
• INSPIRE is a major EU contribution to GEO/GEOSS
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Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attentionhttp://www.ec-gis.org/inspire/
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