View
216
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
11Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith
Studying Studying ChildhoodChildhood
DevelopmentDevelopmentThe EpilogueThe Epilogue
Part IVPart IV
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 22
Social Learning TheoriesSocial Learning Theories
• Proposed that children learn new behaviors through ___________ and _________.
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 33
Social Learning TheoriesSocial Learning Theories
• Albert Bandura maintains that children form ______ representations of their _______ world.
• A child has as much influence on environment as the environment has on the child (________ ___________).
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 44
Social Learning TheoriesSocial Learning Theories
• Children’s mental representations of a situation influence the way they ___ and ____, which determines how others _______ and ________ to them.
• These reactions, in turn, influence children’s thinking and behavior in ___________ ________.
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 55
Model of the Bobo Doll Model of the Bobo Doll ExperimentExperiment
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 66
Bandura’s Bobo Doll Bandura’s Bobo Doll & the Study of Violence in Children& the Study of Violence in Children
See the video clip!
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 77
Social Learning TheoriesSocial Learning Theories
• Is an interactive perspective in that emphasis is on __________ relationships between a child’s internal states and the ___________.
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 88
Contextual TheoriesContextual Theories
•Help to explain ______ influences on children’s development.
•Assume a child has an _______ role in shaping his/her own development
•___ ________ _______ or endpoints
•Development cannot be separated from the “________” in which it takes place.
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 99
Social-Cultural TheorySocial-Cultural Theory
• Lev Vygotsky – considered the influence of a child’s _______ and ________ context.
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 1010
Social-Cultural TheorySocial-Cultural Theory
• Proposed that knowledge is not individually constructed; rather, it is _____________ between people.
• Believed that children are _______ with certain “elementary functions”.– ___________– Memory– Attention– Language
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 1111
Social-Cultural TheorySocial-Cultural Theory
• These functions are transformed into higher _______ functions through ___________ with others.
• As a child gains new skills and knowledge, the other person involved in an interaction ________ his or her level of guidance and assistance, which allows the child to assume more and more _____________.
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 1212
Social-Cultural TheorySocial-Cultural Theory
Vygotsky did not specify • a set of developmental _______, or a
________ _______ of development...• Because _________ ______ with respect
to goals for children’s development• ___________ cannot be separated from
the context in which it takes place.
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 1313
Ecological TheoriesEcological Theories
• Urie Bronfenbrenner envisions development as embedded in _________ __________.
• “A child’s world is organized as a set of ______ ________, each inside the next, like a set of Russian dolls.”
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 1414
Ecological TheoriesEcological Theories
• Child is at the center, born with certain temperamental, mental, and physical characteristics that create the _________ context for his or her development…
• However, all are __________ in a broader ______ and _________ context.
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 1515
Ecological TheoriesEcological Theories
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model• ______ ______ – shared beliefs, values,
and customs (as well as various subgroups found within the culture)
• Change can originate from ______ the child or from _________ the child.
• Changes in one level of context can _________ what occurs at other levels.
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 1616
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological ModelBronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 1717
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological ModelBronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model
Can:
• Be used for understanding ________ __________ between biological and environmental effects as well as relations between different environmental context.
• Help us understand that the environment in which children live is so ________ and _________ that development cannot be reduced to any one single source.
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 1818
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 1919
What Teenagers Really What Teenagers Really Think About Their SchoolsThink About Their Schools
Teenagers• Believe education is _________.• Want to do ___ in school and go on to college.• Want teachers who give __________ help, are
enthusiastic and excited, care personally, are compassionate and respectful for them, emphasize class discussions.
• Want ___________ that challenge them personally.
• Need close and unwavering __________ of teachers to help them ______ to learn and help them ________ learning.
Dr. Richard A. NeSmithDr. Richard A. NeSmith 2020
What Teenagers Really ThinkWhat Teenagers Really Think (cont.)(cont.)
• See most of what they learn as ________ and __________.
• Complain about lack of ________ from teachers and other students.
• Want more _________, firmness, and ___________.
• Complain that we have too many ___________ schools, poor ________, and crowded classes.
• See drugs and ________ as serious concerns in their lives.
Recommended