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C k1.75 2.2 Kühn,2001
Twidell and Gaudiosi,2009
15m/sI15 0.08 0.15 Frandsen and Christensen,1994
Kühn,2001
0.001
0.04 DS472 1992
Krohn,1998
3 JIS C1400-3 2.1.1-1
semi-offshore ,1999
2.1.1-1
Wind turbine with a floating sub-structure which is subject to hydrodynamic loading,vertically supported by the buoyancy of the structure itself and the horizontal forces induced by wave, current, wind, etc. are supported by the station-keeping facilities. [Wind Turbines-Part3 Design requirements for floating offshore wind turbines(TS61400-3-2 IEC2009)]
50 60m
2.1.2-1 ( ) () ( ) 3
PC Twisted Jacket Inward Battered Guide Structure 2.1.2-1
50 60m2.1.2-2
60m
71.6%
9.7%
4.4%
2.7%2.6%
0.5%0.2% 0.1% 6.6% 1.5%
2011 2011 100m 200m2.1.2-2 30m
30m 60m
,2010: ,2013
2.1.2-3 1990 2014
71.6% 9.7% 4.4%2.7% 2.6% 0.5 %
:3027
2.2-1
80m 7.0m/s
Petersen 19922.2.1-1
Matthies et al. 1995 EC
EC 60m7.0m/s 0-30m 0-30km 6MW 1
km 1 2.2.1-1
50m
:>9.0m/s >800W/m2
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2.2.1-2 EC
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2.2.1-33
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750GW(7.5 kW) Chan(2007) 45GW(0.45 kW) Henderson, et al.(2009)
(70m ) :BTM Consult(2010)
7.9GW(790 kW) Kim(2009) 25GW(0.25 kW) Henderson, et al.(2009)
(80m ) Kim(2009)
1993 5
6
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2.2.2-1 80m :7.07.5m/s
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4.650m
10km 30km 20%
5
2.2.2-2
:7.0m/s 80m , 50m , :30km
,2014
1990 Nogersund 220kW1 5m 1000m
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20002000
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49.0% 19.3% 13.0% 8.0 % 4.1%5
5.2 kW 0.5 % 8 0.5 kW 0.1% 12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
2.3.1-5 11990 500kW 2
2000 2005 2000kW 4500kW2005 2010 3000kW
5000kW 2014 4000kW 7000kW20 14
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
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1990
1991
1994
1995
1996
1997
2000
2001
2002
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2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
(MW)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000(kW) (kW)
1990 2014 Siemens 55.1% Vestas 22.1% Senvion2.8% Bard 2.7% REpower 1.7% Sinovel 1.1% Bonus 1.0% Nordtank 0.9%
12.6% SiemensVestas 1/4
Simens 2004 Bonus REpower 2007 SuzlonREpwer 2014 REpower
Senvion Siemens Bonus 56.1%Senvion REpower 4.5%
( 2.3.1-6
12.3.1-7 1990
1 5MW 2000 2009100MW 209MW 2010 300MW
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55.1%22.1%
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Siemens
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10 2.3.1-110 2013
London Array Phase 630MW Phase1,000MW(1GW
Anholt Walney Thomton Bank
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700(MW) (MW)
Anholt
http://www.anholt-windfarm.com/en/environment http://www.anholt-windfarm.com/en/the-project
Walney
http://www.walneyoffshorewind.co.uk/en/about-walney/about-the-project http://www.walneyoffshorewind.co.uk/en
Thornton Bank
http://www.c-power.be/presentation http://www.c-power.be/
BTM Consult(2012) 202178,000MW(78GW) 1/3
% 2.3.1-8
10{ 2000 Blyth 4MW:2MW 2
The Crown Estate:
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0
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30,000
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50,000
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70,000
80,000
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2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
USAsiaEurope
Forecast Prediction
Round1 4-21m 2-13km Round2 6.5-29m 7-30km Round3 EEZ 35-53m 20-160km
Round1 100MW 2000
Round 400MW 2008 2014
Round 1000MW 2014
2.3.1-10 2005
Round3
2011 2010 LCOE:Levelized Cost of Energy 149 191/MWh 25.3 32.5 /kWh;170 / 2020 100/MWh
17 /kWh
UK Energy Research Center,2010
100/MWh 17 /kWh
ROCS Renewable
Obligation Certificate System: RPS
1ROC/MWh 5 1.5ROC/MWh 2009-2012
2013-2014 2ROC/MWh,2015 1.9ROC/MWh 20161.8ROC/MWh 2011 ROCS ROCS FiT-CfD
FiT-CfD 2013FiT-CfD
CCS Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage
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6 1
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2010 Energiekonzept
2020 35% 2030 50% 2050 80%
2011 2022
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EEG 20142020 6.5GW 2030 15GW
2
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10
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2023 3%10% 32-39% 6-8 /kWh
Hobohm,et al.,2013 2.5
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0 6 kWh 0 8 kWh 9 8 kWh 13 1kWh 16 35
Rudong Intertidal Trial Project 30MW 0 8 kWh 2010Rudong Intertidal Project 150MW 0 788 kWh 2011 2012Dafeng 200MW 0 6396 kWh 2010Dongtai 200MW 0 62 36 kWh 2010
0 7 kWh 1 0 kWh 11 4 kWh 16 4kWh
Shanghai Donghai Phase1 102MW 0 978 kWh 2009Binhai 300MW 0 737 kWh 2010Sheyang 300MW 0 705 kWh 2010
0 51 kWh 0 61 kWh 8 3 kWh 10 0kWh
BTM Consult 2012
2010 201361,091MW 318,105MW 20%
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DOI 2014 53 47 47
New Jersey :Fishermen’s Energy,XEMC 5MW 5 , Virginia :Dominion Virginia Power,Alstom 6MW 2 , Oregon :Priciple Power,Siemens 6MW 5 ,
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6,440 Euro/MW/ ; 87 /MW/ 15% 1,932 Euro/MW/ ; 26 /MW/
Broehl,J.(2010):Wave of offshore hope fights against the odds. Wind Power Monthly,Dec.,2010,58-60.
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