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Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
APPENDICES
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
APPENDICES
APPENDICES A: Projects Failure Reasons And Recommendations
APPENDICES B: Ladies Medical Colleges Project (Case Study)
APPENDICES C: Questionnaire
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Failure Reasons Recommendations Category
Contract duration is too short caused by:
- Unrealistic timeframe from client
- Poor or lack of planning (Estimating
and scheduling)
- Early involvement of all stakeholders
- Establish a comprehensive planning process
- Promoting a win-win culture between project
stakeholders
Project R
elated
Disputes between stakeholders caused by:
- Poor or lack of proper procurement
procedures
- Lack of stakeholders involvement
- Unrealistic terms and conditions
- Outdated contractual agreements
- A win – lose culture between
stakeholders
- Ineffective delay penalties
- Establish a comprehensive project
procurement process
- Involve stakeholders as early as possible
- Establish a clear project governance system
- Dynamic contractual agreements matching
real-time business environment
- Promoting a win-win culture between project
stakeholders
- Clear and agreed contractual terms and
conditions
Project R
elated
Inadequate definition of customer acceptance
criteria for final deliverable caused by:
- lack or poor customer acceptance
criteria for deliverables
- Poor scoping
- Poor requirement gathering
- Not involving customers and users at
early project planning stages
- Not involving customers and users in
decision making process during project
lifecycle
- Assuring customer and user agreement to
customer acceptance criteria at initial stages of
the project and during project lifecycle
- Establish a comprehensive scoping process
- Establish a comprehensive requirement
gathering process
- Involving customers and users in planning
process
- Including customers and users in project
decision making process (be part of project
board)
Project R
elated
APPENDICES A: Projects Failure Reasons And Recommendations:
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Incorrect type of contracts (Turnkey,
construction only,…) caused by:
- Budget limitations
- Poor planning
- Lack of identification of different
solutions
- Inappropriate contractors
- Poor understanding of business
requirements
- Poor understanding of desired business
outcomes and benefits by project
stakeholders
- Establish a comprehensive procurement
process
- Establish a comprehensive planning process
- Establishing a process of exploring current and
available solutions in marketplace
- Establish a comprehensive supplier
management process
- Involving customers and users in planning and
decision making
- Establish a comprehensive scoping process
- Educating project stakeholders that projects
exist to serve business objectives rather than
project outputs
Project R
elated
Type of project bidding and award
(negotiation, lowest bidder) caused by:
- Focusing on financial aspects only
- Inexperienced tendering committees
- Lack of formal bid management process
- Understanding business value and the weight
of financial factor in the bidding process
- Appointing experienced and knowledgeable
committee members
- Establishing a comprehensive bid management
process
Project R
elated
Late or delay in payments by owner caused
by:
- Poorly managed project cash flow
- Poor invoicing process
- Poor sign-off process due to high
bureaucracy
- Lack of accountability
- Establish a comprehensive financial
management process
- Establish and communicate a comprehensive
procurement process
- Establish governance system to enforce
accountability
Ow
ner Related
Delay to hand-over work site to the
contractor by the owner caused by:
- Poor planning
- Poor prioritization
- Poor site preparation
- Establish planning process
- Clear identify the work dependencies
- Site preparation shall be a stage of project
management
Ow
ner Related
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Change orders by owner during construction
caused by:
- Poor understanding business
requirements
- Poor scoping
- Poor planning
- Lack of change control
- Unmanaged scope creep
- Establish Clear Business Case
- Establish Scoping Process
- Establish Planning process
- Establish enforced change control process
- No changes without formal authorization
Ow
ner Related
Poor communication and coordination by
owner and other parties
- Establish Communication Strategy
- Clear understanding of stakeholders
Ow
ner
Related
Delayed project works caused by:
- Late in revising and approving design
documents by owner
- Delay in approving shop drawings and
sample materials
- Poor communication and coordination
by owner and other parties
- Slowness in decision making process by
owner
- Suspension of work by owner
- Enforcement of management controls
- Establish planning process
- Enforce contractual terms on owner
- Defined and agreed authorization process
- Establish communication strategy
Ow
ner Related
Conflicts between joint-ownership of the
project caused by:
- Unclear roles and responsibilities
- Lack agreed understating between joint-
ownership
- Early user involvement during project
initiation
- Clear understanding of stakeholders
responsibilities
- Clear delegation between accountability and
responsibility
- Defined Role descriptions
Ow
ner Related
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Dis-encouragement for contractors to
improve project constraints (Time, Scope
and Cost) caused by:
- Unavailability of incentives for
contractor for finishing ahead of
schedule, less cost and better scope
- Lack of understanding of the
improvement advantage
- Establish a win-win environment between
project stakeholders
- Encourage ownership of activities between
stakeholders
- Establish an ongoing awareness about
continual improvement
Ow
ner Related
Difficulties in financing project by contractor
caused by:
- Project scope larger than to be handled
by the contractor
- Failing to acquire finance from banks
due to lack of guarantees
- No or limited advanced payments from
project owner
- Poor financial management
- Establish a strong transparent contractor
evaluation process
- Establish procurement process
- Establish contract management process
- Owners shall establish a realistic cash flow
policies
- Establish Financial management
Contractor R
elated
Conflicts in sub-contractors schedule in
execution of project caused by:
- Poor scheduling by both main and sub-
contractor
- Poor planning by both main and sub-
contractors
- Poor prioritization by both main and
sub-contractors
- Lack of communication between main
and sub-contractors
- Lack of coordination between main and
sub-contractor
- Establish planning process
- Enforce adoption of project management
methodologies by contractors and sub-
contractors
- Ensuring Prioritization is made based on need
and not financial compensation
- Establish a requirement gathering process
- Establish Communication Strategy
- Enforce transparency between stakeholders
Contractor R
elated
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Rework due to errors during construction
caused by:
- Poor planning
- Poor specification within product
descriptions
- Incompetent workforce
- Low quality material
- Rushing work due to unrealistic
scheduling
- Rushing work for faster payments
- Poor quality control
- Lack of accountability
- Establish planning process
- Establish project scoping process
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
- Establish a quality process
- Ensure all project roles have defined role
descriptions and these are agreed between
relevant parties
Contractor R
elated
Conflicts between contractor and
stakeholders caused by:
- Poor site management and supervision
by contractor
- Poor communication and coordination
by contractor with stakeholders
- Ineffective planning and scheduling of
project by contractor
- Improper construction methods
implemented by contractor
- Delays in sub-contractors work
- Inadequate contractors work
- Frequent change of sub-contractors
because of their inefficient work
- Poor qualification of the contractors
technical staff
- Control project through management by
exception
- Establish Communication Strategy
- Clear understanding of stakeholders
- Establish planning process
- Establish project scoping process
- Establish a strong transparent contractor
evaluation process
- Establish procurement process
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
Contractor R
elated
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Late site mobilization caused by:
- Incompetent contractor
- Government related reasons (labor visa,
work permits, ..)
- Limited access to worksite due reasons
out of contractor control
- No site mobilization process and
procedures
- Poor planning (specific mobilization
plan)
- Poor machinery management
(allocation and reallocation of
machinery)
- Establish a strong transparent contractor
evaluation process
- Establish procurement process
- Clear understanding of stakeholders
- Establish Communication Strategy
- Establish planning process
- Establish project scoping process
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
Contractor R
elated
Delayed project work caused by:
- Delayed inspection and testing by
consultant
- Late in reviewing and approving
construction documents by consultant
- Conflicts between consultant and
design engineer
- Inadequate experience of consultant
- Enforcement of management controls
- Establish planning process
- Enforce contractual terms on consultant
- Defined and agreed authorization process
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
Consultant R
elated
Delay in approving major changes in the
scope of work by consultant caused by:
- Poor construction documents
- Inflexibility (rigidity) of consultant
- Poor communication and coordination
between consultant and stakeholders
- Inadequate experience of consultant
- Establish planning process
- Establish Communication Strategy
- Establish a strong transparent contractor
evaluation process
- Establish procurement process
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
Consultant R
elated
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Mistakes and discrepancies in design
documents caused by:
- Delays in producing design
construction documents
- Unclear and inadequate details in
drawings
- Complexity of project design
- Insufficient data collection and survey
before design
- Misunderstanding of owners
requirements by design engineer
- Inadequate design-team experience
- Using outdated engineering design
software
- Incompatible design technologies
- Establish planning process
- Enforcement of management controls
- Establish project scoping process
- Clear identify the work dependencies
- Establish a requirement gathering process
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
- Use of latest technology
- Establish standardization and Technology
compatibility
Design R
elated
Delay in material delivery caused by:
- Shortage of construction materials in
market
- Changes in material types and
specifications during construction
- Damage of stored material while they
are needed urgently
- Delay in manufacturing special building
materials
- Late procurement of materials
- Late in selection of finishing materials
due to availability of many types in
market
- Establish planning (Resource and Material
Planning)
- Establish Change control
- Establish a requirement gathering process
- Ensuring adequate Storage facilities
Material R
elated
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Delay to project work caused by:
- Equipment breakdowns
- Shortage of equipment
- Low level of equipment-operators skill
- Low productivity and efficiency of
equipment
- Lack of high-technology mechanical
equipment
- Establishing a standard requirement and
specifications and maintenance procedures for
work equipment
- Establish Planning
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
Equipm
ent Related
Delay to project work caused by:
- Shortage of labors
- Unqualified workforce
- Wage base selection of labor
- Nationality of labors
- Low productivity level of labors
- Personal conflicts among labors
- Accidents during construction
- Need for proper estimation and coordination
for the work force needed by MOL and other
government agencies
- Enforce a standard wage policy based on skills
and qualifications
- Ensure project staff at all levels regularly
undertake training to increase competence
- Educate contractors about average labor
productivity output
- Establish a strong HR process within project
team
- Establishing occupational health and safety
policies and procedures
Labor R
elated
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Project work could be delayed by external
factors outside the control of project such as:
- Effects of subsurface conditions (e.g.,
soil, high water table, etc.)
- Delay in obtaining permits from
municipality
- Environmental effect on construction
activities (temperature, rain,
sandstorms,..)
- Lack or shortage of utilities in site (such
as, water, electricity, telephone, etc.)
- Effect of social and cultural factors
- Traffic control and restriction
- Changes in government regulations and
laws
- Ensure environmental factors are considered at
early stages of planning
- Owners must be accountable for pre-project
regulatory and environmental requirements.
- Ensure utility factors are considered at early
stages of planning
- Consider site access and security policies
during planning
- Establish security management process
- Establish an ongoing awareness of any
potential changes to government regulations
and laws and communicate these to all project
stakeholders
Extern
al
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
APPENDICES B: Ladies Medical Colleges Project
(Case Study)
لمملكة العربية السعودية باموقع منطقة القصيم
تق��ع منطق��ة القص��يم في ش��مال المنطق��ة الوس��طى من المملك��ة العربي��ة2، ودائ�( شرق44ْ -َ 54ْ و41َ -�30ول )ط�السعودية ، بين خط�ي رض���ري ع�ا
2 ويح���������ْ ( شم27َ -15ْ و24َ -25) د المنطقة من الشمال منطقة������������اًال حائ��ل ومن الجن��وب والش��رق منطق��ة الري��اض ومن الغ��رب منطق��ة المدين��ة
متها اإلدارية مدينة بريدة وهي من أكبر وأهم الم��دن في�����������المنورة وعاصالمنطقة الوسطي شمال مدينة الرياض.
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
القصيم لجامعة العام الموقع
بمن بريدة مدينة من الغرب إلى الجامعة مقر /�������يقع المدينة بريدة طريق على المليدة طقةعن �������المن ويبعد حوال ����������ورة بعد ���ك 20ي �����ها وعلى مطار 4م شمال كم
وتح.�������القص األراض ������يم به جه �������يط من والم�������زارع الفض������اء الشم ���������ي ال�������ةج ��������والغ من أما الجن ����������رب وي ����������هة أرامكو شركة مس����تودعات فتق������ع قع���������وب
الج معس ��������على الطريق من اآلخر من �������������انب وم��طار الوط����ني الحرس طقة��������كريم. �����������القص
مستودعات شركةأرامكو
مزارع
مطار أقليم
ي
معسكرالحرسالوطن
ي
الجامعة
الكتلةالعمرانية لمدينة
إلىعنيزة
إلى المدينةالمنورة
إلىالزلفى
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
القصيم لجامعة العام الموقع
ال موقع مساحة حوالي ���������تبلغ يعادل 780جامعة ما أي 2م 7.800.000هكتار
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
نشاء محمع الكليات الصحية للطالبات بجامعة القصيمإ : اسم المشروع
عناصر المشروع :
كلية العلوم الطبية التطبيقية ............... طالبة-كلية طب األسنان ............ طالبة -كلية الصيدلة ..................... طالبة -كلية التمريض .............. طالبات -
\إسم اإلستشاري : مكتب رمز لإلستشارات الهندسية
....................ريالة : قيمة المشروع حسب خطاب الترسي
مدة المشروع :................
إسم المقاول:.......................................
الموقع العام لمجمع الكليات الصحية للطالبات
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
كلية الصيدلة ............... طالبة
لكل م�����������نها .2م�������ن ثالثة ادوار بمساحة ........... مكلية الصيدلة يتكون مبنى
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
كلية العلوم الطبية التطبقية ............... طالبة
لك��ل2م���������ن ثالث��ة ادوار بمس��احة ........... مكلية العلوم الطبية التطبقيDDة يتكون مبنى م�����������نها .
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
كلية التمريض ............... طالبة
لكل م�����������نها .2م�������ن ثالثة ادوار بمساحة ........... مكلية التمريض يتكون مبنى
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
كلية طب األسنان ............... طالبة
لكل م�����������نها .2م�������ن ثالثة ادوار بمساحة ........... مكلية طب األسنان يتكون مبنى
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
APPENDICES C: Questionnaire
أ ساليب جمع و تحليل المعلومات
أساليب جمع المعلوماتDATA GATHERING METHODS
مالحظة التغييرات الماديةOBSERVING PHYSICAL TRACES
و هي تعتمد على المالحظة المنظمة للبيئة المادية للعثور على آثار استخدام المكان سواء كانت هذه اآلثار متعمدة أو غير متعمدة. و من خالل هذه المالحظات يمكن تفسير كافة التغيرات التي تطرأ على المكان نتيجة
اًالستخدام و ما هي القرارات التي اتخذها المصمم و كيفية استخدام األفرادللمكان و كيف يقابل التصميم احتياجاتهم و ثقافتهم و متطلباتهم
معرفة كيف يستخدم األفراد المكان و يغيرون فيه أهدافها:
بسيطة – غير مؤثرة على استخدام المكان أو األفراد – غير مميزاتها: مكلفة – ًال تتأثر بوجود الباحث
دياجرامات توضيحية – رسومات و اسكتشات – صور و أدواتها: ساليدز – حصر أعداد و كميات
نتائج اًالستخدام – تعديالت – تعبيرات اهتماماتها:
مراقبة استخدام الزوار لكراسي اًالنتظار بأحد المستشفيات مثال:
OBSERVING ENVIRONMENTAL مالحظة السلوكيات البيئية
BEHAVIOR
و هي تعتمد على المراقبة المنظمة لألفراد أو الجماعات أثناء استخدامهم للمكان و ما يفعلونه و كيف تتفاعل األنشطة الفراغية و كيف يؤثرون على
بعضهم البعض و كذلك كيف يساعد المكان أو يمنع سلوكيات معينة داخله والتأثيرات الجانبية لتصميم المكان على العالقات بين األفراد و المجموعات
معرفة كيف يتصرف األفراد داخل المكان أهدافها:
مباشرة – ديناميكية متغيرة – تتأثر بوجود الباحث مميزاتها:
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
مراقبات منتظمة – تدوين مالحظات – خرائط سلوكية – صور أدواتها: و أفالم
الفاعل – الفعل – مع من – العالقات بين األفراد – الجو اهتماماتها:المحيط – البيئة
سلوكيات األفراد أثناء استخدام أحد الفراغات مثال:
أجراء مقابالت شخصيةFOCUSED INTERVIEWS
و تعتمد على إلقاء أسئلة بطريقة منظمة لمعرفة أفكار و أحاسيس و أسبابأفعال و معلومات و توقعات مستخدمي المكان و األفراد
معرفة كيف يفكر األفراد داخل المكان فيما يفعلونه و ما أهدافها:حولهم
متعمقة – معرفة األسباب مميزاتها:
أسئلة المقابلة أدواتها:
تعريف الموقف – المشاعر – األفكار – النوايا اهتماماتها:
سلوكيات أسباب إحداث األطفال لتلفيات بالمدارس مثال:
استمارات االستبيانSTANDARDIZED QUESTIONNAIRES
و تستخدم ًالستكشاف أسباب متكررة بين مجموعة كبيرة من األفراد عن طريق مقارنة إجاباتهم على مجموعة من األسئلة المدونة في استمارة
استبيان. و يمكن إرسال استمارة اًالستبيان بالبريد أو عن طريق التليفون أوشخصيا عن طريق أشخاص مدربين
معرفة اًالتجاهات العامة و الفكر الجماعي أهدافها:
شاملة – توضح التفكير العام مميزاتها:
استمارة اًالستبيان – خرائط – رسومات – صور – العاب أدواتها:
تعريف البيئة المادية – السلوكيات – ردود األفعال – اهتماماتها:التغييرات المتعمدة
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
دراسة تهجير سكان أحد األحياء إلى حي جديد و تأثير ذلك مثال:على انتمائهم و شخصيتهم
ARCHIVES المخطوطات
يتم اللجوء إلى المخطوطات عند عمل دراسة تاريخية لتطور مفهوم معين أو الوقوف على منشأ ظاهرة بعينها. و تشمل المخطوطات الرسومات و
اًالسكتشات و الكتب القديمة و الجرائد و المجالت و الوثائق الحكومية والملفات اإلدارية
استخدام المعلومات المتاحة لصالح التقييم أهدافها:
استغالل مصادر المعلومات المتاحة مميزاتها:
ملفات تحليلية أدواتها:
الكلمات المكررة – بداية و تطور األحداث اهتماماتها:
ANALYSIS OF DATA أساليب تحليل المعلومات
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS تحليل كمي
يعتمد التحليل الكمي للمعلومات على األخذ في اًالعتبار عند تصميم خطة البحث الطريقة التي سوف يتم التعامل بها مع المعلومات. و التحليل الكمي
يبدأ من التحليل الكمي البسيط لألعداد و النسب المئوية إلى التحليلباستخدام علم اإلحصاء
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS تحليل كيفي
يعتمد التحليل الكيفي على اكتشاف أنماط محددة لردود األفعال و اًالستخدام و يعتمد اكتشاف تلك األنماط على تدريب الباحث على اكتشاف تلك األنماط و
متابعتها أثناء البحث.
إعداد خطط األبحاث
Unified Project Management Methodology (UPMM) APPENDICES
تتكون خطط أبحاث تقييم المشروعات من األجزاء األساسية التالية
PROBLEM STATEMENTتحديد مشكلة أو نقطة البحث
RESEARCH APPROACHتحديد اتجاه و طريقة البحث للوصول إلى المعلومات
AND METHOD
DATA GATHERING TECHNIQUES تحديد أسلوب جمع المعلومات
ANALYSIS OF DATAتحديد أسلوب تحليل المعلومات
نوع النتائج المتوقعة و فائدتها للمخطط و المصمم و متخذي القرارUSEFULNESS OF RESULTS
ويتم استعراض نتائج أبحاث تقييم المشروعات على النحو التالي
PROBLEM STATEMENTالتعريف بمشكلة أو نقطة البحث
RESEARCHشرح اتجاه و طريقة البحث و كيفية الوصول الى المعلومات
APPROACH AND METHOD
DATA GATHERING TECHNIQUESشرح أسلوب جمع المعلومات و استعراضها
ANALYSIS OF DATA شرح أسلوب تحليل المعلومات و تصنيفها
CONCLUSIONSنتائج و توصيات البحث للمخطط و المصمم و متخذي القرار
AND RESULTS
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