?? What you Should Know ??

?? What you Should Know ??

1.) Where did the Renaissance begin? What city-state was at the center…?

2.) What was different about the artwork of this time?

3.) Define the word “Machiavellian”.

Renaissance & Reformation

Before the Renaissance….Europe was in a period known as

The DARK AGES Medieval Times

Outlook on human life was not bright. Lives were tough for many Europeans “THE PLAGUE” ---- The Black Death

Defining Renaissance Definition: A time of creativity and

change in pol, soc, econ, and culture; changes in the way people viewed themselves and their world

Italian City-States New Worldview

› Classics› Medieval› Adventure› Humanism

Golden Age of the Arts

Leonardo da Vinci Endless curiosity THE “Renaissance Man”

› Scientist› Mathematician› Engineer› Inventor› Anatomist› Painter› Sculptor› Architect› Botanist› Musician› Writer

The Last Supper

Da Vinci’s VITRUVIAN MAN a foot is the width of four palms (i.e. 12 inches) a cubit is the width of six palms a man's height is four cubits (and thus 24 palms) the length of a man's outspread arms is equal to his

height the distance from the hairline to the bottom of the

chin is one-tenth of a man's height the distance from the top of the head to the bottom

of the chin is one-eighth of a man's height the maximum width of the shoulders is a quarter of a

man's height the distance from the elbow to the tip of the hand is

one-fifth of a man's height the distance from the elbow to the armpit is one-

eighth of a man's height the length of the hand is one-tenth of a man's height the distance from the bottom of the chin to the nose

is one-third of the length of the head the distance from the hairline to the eyebrows is

one-third of the length of the face the length of the ear is one-third of the length of the

face

Michelangelo Genius in many areas

› Painter› Sculptor› Architect› Engineer› Poet

The David Sistine Chapel St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome

Sistine Chapel

Raphael Mary Cherubs

Renaissance Writers Shakespeare

› Wrote 37 plays

Miguel de Cervantes

Niccolo Machiavelli

Machivalelli’s ----- The Prince

“It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both.”

“Everyone knows how praiseworthy it is for a ruler to keep his word and to live honestly and not be deceitful. Nevertheless, experience shows that princes in our times who have done great things have cared little for honesty; they have known how to confuse men’s minds with their cleveness and have finally defeated those who put their faith in honesty.”

Machiavelli’s ---- The Prince “A prince should seem to be pious, faithful,

humane, honest, religious, and to be so. But he should have his mind so prepared that when occasion requires, he is able to change to the opposite.”

The end justifies… Based on real observances rather than

idealistic principles “Machiavellian” – deceit in politics;

whatever it takes to get power

?? What you Should Know ??

1.) Where did the Renaissance begin? What city-state was at the center…?

2.) What was different about the artwork of this time?

3.) Define the word “Machiavellian”.

!! HOMEWORK !! For tonight From Ch. 14; Section’s 1 & 2

Complete the Identifications (ID’s) listed below: For each of the following tell me:

1.) Who/What they are, 2.) Where they completed their work/live 3.) How they are significant (in relation to the

Renaissance)1. The Northern Renaissance2. Erasmus3. Thomas More4. William Shakespeare5. Johann Gutenberg

The Northern Renaissance Northern Ren. Began in Northern

France, spread to Belgium and Netherlands ---- **happened after because it the Black Death slowed the progression.

Erasmus› Dutch Priest and HUMANIST› Produced a Greek edition of the New

Testament› Called for translation of Bible in today’s

language (VERNACULAR)

Sir Thomas More› English HUMANIST --- ideal society of peace

and harmony. Wrote: UTOPIA

The Printing Revolution Johann Gutenberg ---

Mainz, Germany The Printing Press

(first for west. Part of world)

Printed 1st complete edition of the Bible

By 1500, 20 million volumes had been printed.

?? What you should Know ??

1.) Who began to criticize the Church’s role in worldly affairs?

2.) What was the Council of Trent? It was in response to what?

3.) Define the word Indulgence.

REFORMATION

The Protestant Reformation Definition: Efforts to reform the Catholic

Church “Stop the Church abusing power”

Reasons:1. Pope --- compete w/ princes for political power 2. Clergy --- promoted sale of Indulgences3. Worldliness --- Church should not focus on

world affairs…stick to teachings of BIBLE Trigger: 95 Theses **Begins in Northern Europe**

Martin Luther German monk and professor

of theology Recant or else Arguments against

indulgences: › Not Biblical› NO PURGATORY -- time

you spend between Heaven and Hell

› Pope doesn’t have this power› ** CHRISTIANS SAVED

THROUGH FAITH ALONE !!!! **

EXCOMMUNICATED

The Lutheran Church Basic belief of church:

› Rejected 5 of 7 sacraments› Church hierarchy doesn’t have special powers

“Priesthood of all believers” --- equal access to GOD.

Vernacular --- translated it so all could read. Education of all --- schools for boys/girls to read

the Bible. Banned INDULGENCES!!

Adopt “Protestant” name

Protestant Church Spreads Out

Protestant -- “Protest” Papal authority. Clergy --- some followed Luther German people --- support was big Peasants’ Revolt – end Serfdom

› But Luther did not agree, thought social order was important. Peasants stopped, many killed in fighting

Peace of Augsburg 1555› Princes choose their religion› In north Germany – Lutheran› In the south - Catholic

John Calvin

*Luther supporter*Writer*Predestination*Set up community in Geneva, Switzerland(Calvin’s theocracy)

Reformation Spreads Hundreds of sects evolve Anabaptists Mostly peaceful:

› Amish› Baptists› Quakers › Mennonites

English Reformation English King Henry

VIII Catherine of

Aragon– annulment

Thomas More Act of Supremacy

1534 Married 6 times“DEFENDER OF THE FAITH”…..right??

EXCOMMUNICATED

Church of England Seized land Anglican Church

› English Bible › Similar to Catholics

Edward VI --- 10 yrs. old Mary Tudor --- CATHOLIC!

› Burns Protestants @ the stake

Elizabeth I --- Compromise of Cath’s & Prot.’s

CATHOLIC REFORMATION Response to the Protestants Council of Trent, called by

Pope Paul III (1545) location: Trento, Italy

Objective: Change ways of THE CHURCH› Penalties for worldliness or

corruption› Challenge Protestant

teachings› Faith + Good works =

SALVATION

Catholic Reformation THE Inquisition

› Church court› Secret Testimony,

torture and execution

Ignatius of Loyola› Jesuits

Persecution Def.-- suffering hardship on

account of your beliefs Cause: Religious Passion (Cath. &

Prot.) Witch Hunts (1450-1750)

› Tens of thousands killed› Scapegoats› Monty Python

Jews › Ghettos› Luther’s Views – Anti-Jew

?? What you should Know ??

1.) Who began to criticize the Church’s role in worldly affairs?

2.) What was the Council of Trent? It was in response to what?

3.) Define the word Indulgence.

!! HOMEWORK !! For tonight

Questions: 1, 4, 5, & 7 on Page 356 Question 1 should be answered like

your last homework: (Do all I.D.’s)› Step 1: Who is this person/what did they

do?› Step 2: Where did they do their work/lived?› Step 3: How is this person significant in

terms of the Reformation/Renaissance?