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The Endocrine System
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FunctionsTo control many of the body’s daily activities
Controls the body’s long term changes such as development
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StructuresEndocrine glands – organs that produce and release chemicals directly into the bloodstream
Hormones – the chemicals released by Endocrine glands; can be thought of as chemical messengers
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HormonesAct as internal stimuli that direct the body’s response
Hormones only interact with certain target cells – cells that recognize the hormone
+Hormone Production1.Nerve impulses from your
senses travel to the brain
2.Sound of thunder is interpreted
3.Brain sends nerve impulses to a specific endocrine gland
4.That gland releases the hormone, adrenaline, into the bloodstream
5.Adrenaline causes…1. Increased heart rate2.Breathe faster and deeper3.Release sugar to your muscles
In a Sudden Storm…
+Hormone ProductionHormones cause a slower, but longer-lasting response
When adrenaline reaches the heart, it pumps faster and will continue to do so until the amount of adrenaline goes back to normal
+Structures & FunctionsThe HypothalamusFound in your brain (near
the middle of your head)
Responsible for – controlling sleep, hunger, and other endocrine glands and organs
+Structures & FunctionsThe Pituitary GlandFound below the hypothalamus
Responsible for – regulating body processes like growth, blood pressure, and water balance, and helps control other endocrine glands
+Structures & FunctionsThe Thyroid GlandFound at your neckResponsible for – controlling the release of energy from food molecules
+Structures & FunctionsThe Parathyroid GlandFound at your neckResponsible for – regulating the amount of calcium in the blood
+Structures & FunctionsThe ThymusFound at your chestResponsible for – helping cells in your immune system develop
+Structures & FunctionsThe Adrenal GlandsFound on top of kidneysResponsible for – controlling the water/salt balance in the kidneys, the amount of sugar in the blood, and releasing adrenaline…in response to emergency situations
+Structures & FunctionsThe PancreasFound in front of kidneysResponsible for – produces the hormones, insulin and glucagon, to control the level of sugar in the blood
+Structures & FunctionsThe OvariesResponsible for – produces the female sex hormonesEstrogen controls the changes in a teenage girl’s body
Estrogen and Progesterone trigger the development of eggs
+Structures & FunctionsThe TestesResponsible for – produces the male sex hormonesTestosterone controls the changes in a teenage boy’s body and needed for normal sperm production
+Hormones controls the body’s response in many different situations…In exciting situations,
like roller coastersAs a child grows
older
+Use of Negative FeedbackTemperatur
e is above 78° F
Temperature is above
78° F
Temperature is at 78° FTemperature is at 78° F
STARTSTARTSTOPSTOP
The thermostat signals the
air conditioner to turn on
The thermostat signals the
air conditioner to turn on
The thermostat signals the
air conditioner to turn off
The thermostat signals the
air conditioner to turn off
Negative Feedback is an important way that the body maintains stable internal conditions, or homeostasis.
+Use of Negative FeedbackBlood sugar
level of 170Blood sugar level of 170
Blood sugar level at 95
Blood sugar level at 95
STARTSTARTSTOPSTOP
The pancreas is signaled to
release insulin
The pancreas is signaled to
release insulin
The pancreas is signaled to
stop releasing
insulin
The pancreas is signaled to
stop releasing
insulin
+The Endocrine System
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