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Lietuvos kaimo gyvenvie čių funkcij ų transformacijos: l ūkesčiai ir tikrov ė
Lietuvos kaimo apgyvenimo kaitos regionin ės ypatyb ės
Edis Kriau čiūnas, Rūta Ubarevi čienė, Gintar ė Pociūtė-Sereikien ėLietuvos socialinių tyrimų centro Visuomenės geografijos ir demografijos institutas
LITHUANIAN SOCIAL RESEARCH CENTREINSTITUTE OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY AND DEMOGRAPHY
III LIETUVOS GEOGRAFŲ KONGRESAS Vilnius, 2014 m. rugsėjo 26-27 d
Tyrimą finansuoja Lietuvos mokslo taryba (sutarties Nr. MIP-006/2013)
Regional peculiarities of rural settlements change in Lithuania
KOLŪKINĖS GYVENVIEČIŲSISTEMOS PAVELDAS
� The conception of united settlement system
� The development of rural areas was related to the development of agriculture.
� The most important service and social infrastructure used to be concentrated in its: shop, catering institution, post, other services, medical station, schools, kindergartens, etc.
THE HERITAGE OF KOLKHOZ SETTLEMENTS’ SYSTEM
Village Serdokai (Vilkaviškis district) ~ 1971
"Jaunimo gretos" 1955 m. www.miestai. net
� 737 kolkhozes and 282 sovchozes in Lithuania in the end of Soviet period� About 1 thous. “central” rural farming settlements
THE HERITAGE OF KOLKHOZ SETTLEMENTS’ SYSTEM
Plungė district in 1993. Plungė –Babrungo kraštas, A.Garunkštis, R.Kontvainas, A. Stanaitis
The tendencies of rural development after 1990
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Per
cent
age
of to
tal p
opul
atio
n
1959 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Year Urban population
Rural population
Rural population
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1959 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Year
Pop
ulat
ion,
thou
s.
Prienai (Švenčionys district): – google maps (2012 m.)
Prienai (Švenčionys district): Česlovas Kudaba „Švenčionių rajonas“, Vilnius „Mintis“ 1983 m. Photo: Vladas Uznevičius
Average rural population change per year (in 1990-2010 period)
1990–1995 1995–2000
2000–2005 2005–2010
The change of number of rural population in the rural settlements
in 1989-2011 -14.8%
in 1989-2001 -3.0%
in 2001-2011 -12.1%
The number of the rural residents in the different size settlements in Lithuania in1959-2011, according to the census data
Change of number of rural settlements in Lithuania in 1959-2011, according to the census data
The change of number of population in the rural settlements in 2001-2011
Changes of the number of residents in Lithuanian rural settlements during the period
2001-2011
Number of residentshas not changed7.5%
Number of residentshas increased17.6%
Bacame habitabefrom uninhabited0.9%
Number of residentshas decreased65.8%
Number of residentshas decreased:settlements becameuninhabited 8.1%
Veliuona, 2013
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
1-4
5-9
10-24
25-49
50-99
100-199
200-499
500-999
1000-1999
2000-2999
>3000
Typ
es o
f the
set
tlem
ents
acc
ordi
ng to
the
num
ber of
res
iden
ts in
200
1
Number of residents has decreased: settlementsbecame uninhabitedNumber of residents has decreased
The number of residents has not changed
Number of residents has increased
The change of number of population in the rural settlements in 2001-2011
The change of number of population in the rural set tlements in 2001-2011
The change of number of population in the rural set tlements in 2001-2011
The change of number of population in the rural settlements in 2001-2011
The change of number of population in the rural set tlements in 2001-2011
Occupation of Lithuanian rural population (the data for 2013) (http://www.stat.gov.lt).
The tendencies of spatial distribution of occupatio n of rural population
The tendencies of spatial distribution of occupatio n of rural population
The tendencies of spatial distribution of occupation of rural population
The tendencies of spatial distribution of occupatio n of rural population
The changes of institutions and service establishme nts in the rural settlements
Kindergarden in village in the Soviet times Kindergarden in village Juknaičiai 2013 (Photo
E. Kriaučiūnas)
The changes of institutions and service establishme nts in the rural settlements
Renovaed school in village Nevarėnai (Telšiai district) in 2013
Renovaed school in village Beižonys (Elektrėnai district) in 2014
School bus in village Padovinys (Marijampolės district) in 2013
Closed school in village Baltininkai (Telšiai district)2013
The changes of institutions and service establishme nts in the rural settlements
>300 inhabitantsLocal chain supermarket in village Stalgėnai (Plungė district )
>500 inhabitantsŽąsliai (Kaišiadorys district)
~200 inhabitants Village Užguostis(Prienai district)
~200 inhabitants Village Pievėnai (Mažeikiai district)
The changes of institutions and service establishme nts in the rural settlements
<100 inhabitants
1984. A.Meilus „Mol ėtų rajonas“, Vilnius „Mintis“ Photo Jonas Danauskas
2010 Mindūnai (Molėtai district) photo G.Poci ūtė
2012 (google maps)
2013 Palomen ė (Kaišiadorys district) Photo E.Kriau čiūnas
The changes of institutions and service establishme nts in the rural settlements
The changes of institutions and service establishments in the rural settlements
Darbėnai (Kretinga district) in 2013
The changes of institutions and service establishments in the rural settlements
Lankupiai ( Klaipėda district)2013. Photo E.Kriau čiūnas
Eigirdžiai ( Telšiai district) 2013. Photo E.Kriau čiūnas
Centre-periphery factor
Šiaul ėnai (Radviliškis district) 2012.
Conclusions
1. In Lithuania the system of rural settlements adjusted to theSoviet farming still remaines, though the occupational structureof rural population changed essentially.
2. The lack of employment places has influence on theemigration of rural population of working age abroad or thesearch of work in the cities. The relation of population, whichworks in the settlement where they live, and the population,which goes to work to other territories, depends on the supplyof employment in the settlement itself and the dislocation ofsettlement in regard to the city system.
3. While the importance of traditional activity decreases in therural territories the demand of rural territories increases for theother activities (the demand of outskirts rural territories for thedwelling construction, for the relaxation of citizens in therecreation districts etc.).
4. The importance of centre-periphery factor becomes clear in therural territories of Lithuania: near the cities the ruralsettlements grow, and in the peripheral districts the ruralpopulation is too big, therefore, the further decline of ruralsettlements is being forecasted.
LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOSTERITORIJOS ADMINISTRACINIŲ VIENETŲ IR JŲ RIBŲ
ĮSTATYMASMiestai yra kompaktiškai užstatytos gyvenamosios vietovės, turinčios daugiau kaip 3 tūkst. gyventojų, kurių daugiau kaip 2/3 dirbančiųjų dirba pramonėje, verslo bei gamybinės ir socialinės infrastruktūros srityse.
Mažiau kaip 3 tūkst. gyventojų turintys Lietuvos Respublikos miestai, rajonų miestai bei miesto tipo gyvenvietės, turėję miesto statusą, kaip gyvenamosios vietovės yra laikomi miestais ir įsigaliojus Lietuvos Respublikos teritorijos administracinių vienetų ir jų ribų įstatymui.
Miesteliai yra kompaktiškai užstatytos gyvenamosios vietovės, turinčios nuo 500 iki 3000 gyventojų, kurių daugiau kaip pusė dirbančiųjų dirba pramonėje, verslo bei gamybinės ir socialinės infrastruktūros srityse, taip pat tradiciniai miesteliai.Kaimai yra gyvenamosios vietovės, neturinčios miesto, miestelio ir viensėdžio požymių.Viensėdžiai yra istoriškai susiformavusios gyvenamosios vietovės, paprastai sudarytos arba kilusios iš vienos sodybos ir turinčios ne daugiau kaip 20 objektų skirtingu adresu.
Post scriptum
Kategorija Iš viso 2011 m.
>3000 500 -3000 100–500
1- 100 Be gyventojų(0)
Miestai 103 69 37 2Panemunė ir Troškūnai
- -
Miesteliai 249 - 125 118 6Skiemonys, Labanoras, Žemoji Panemunė, Gadūnavas, Lyduvėnai
-
Kaimai(+ geležinkelio stotys)
19003 6 201+1 1727+4 13718+21
3325
Viensėdžiai 1688 0 1 Birštono 7 804 876
Post scriptum
Ačiū!Thank you!
Edis Kriau čiūnas,Rūta Ubarevi čienėGintar ė Pociūtė-Sereikien ė
III LIETUVOS GEOGRAFŲ KONGRESAS Vilnius, 2014 m. rugsėjo 26-27 d
Lietuvos kaimo apgyvenimo kaitos regionin ės ypatyb ės
Regional peculiarities of rural settlements change in Lithuania
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