Human Behaviour in Organisation

Organization BehaviorOrganization Behavior

Organization BehaviorOrganization Behavior

Change Stress

Personality

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“The best thing about the future is that it comes only one day at a time.““The best thing about the future is that it comes only one day at a time.“

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)

ChangeChange

Defined as planned or unplanned transformation in an organization structure, technology and/or people.

For Organization - Change is not exception, but rule.

Organization Change- Organizational Development Techniques designed

to implement needed change in a manner that is acceptable to employees and that enhances the effectiveness of the organization.

- Strategic Planning which involves deliberately making radical changes in the way organization operates.

Organizational Change

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What, Exactly is Change?

ChangeChange

Organizational

Structure

•Changes made in span of control.•Altering number of employees for which supervisors, manager are responsible.•Revising basis of creating departments.

Technolo

gy

•Industrial Robotics•Automation•Computerized Performance management•Assistive Technology

People

•Unfreezing•Changing•Refreezing

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ChangeChange

First Order

Change

• Restaurant - Adding new items to Menu

Second Order

Change

• Restaurant launches a global operations

Unplanne

d

• Shifting Employee Demographics

• Performance Gaps

• Government Regulation

Magnitude: How much is change?

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Use of machines – Automation use of machines to perform complex task and function known as Industrial Robotics (i.e. Robotics used in Car manufacturing)

Assistive Technology – Touch screen, Voice Recognition System used for visual Impairments.

Computerized Performance Management used by manager to manage their respective teams about how well they perform their jobs.

Personalized Services – HDFC ATM have this feature of recording frequent withdrawal amount of customer.

ChangeChange

How has Information Technology changed the way we work?

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Outsourcing

Restructuring Organizations completely by eliminating parts of themselves that focus on non core sectors and hiring outside firms to perform such functions instead

– a practice which we call Outsourcing.

Product Off shoring

Services Off shoring

Off shoring Technical Support is a Big Business

The ready availability of well-educated, English- speaking experts in IT, in the city of Bangalore, have made their nation a haven for companies seeking the services of technical support representatives.

Many businesses here provide these services to American, British, and European firms in 24/7 call centres, located in gigantic Cyber and InfoTech Parks.

ChangeChange

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Management by Objectives

The Organization Development technique by which manager and their subordinates work together to set and then strive to attain organizational goals.

ChangeChange

Set Goal

Develop action plan

Evaluate Results

Implement Plan

MBO

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Stress may be defined as "a state of psychological and / or physiological imbalance resulting from the disparity between situational demand and the individual's ability and / or motivation to meet those demands."

-Stress can be positive or negative.

-Stress can be positive when the situation offers an opportunity for a person to gain something. It acts as a motivator for peak performance. Stress can be negative when a person faces social, physical, Organizational and emotional problems.

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StressStress

What is Stress?

Occupational Stress

Occupational stress is stress involving work.

Stress is defined in terms of its physical and physiological effects on a person, and can be a mental, physical or emotional strain.

Occupational stress can occur when there is a discrepancy between the demands of the environment/workplace and an individual’s ability to carry out and complete these demands.

Factors contribute to workplace stress such as negative workload, isolation, extensive hours worked, toxic work environments, lack of autonomy, difficult relationships among coworkers and management, management bullying, harassment and lack of opportunities or motivation to advancement in one’s skill level.

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StressStress

5 categories associated with occupational stress.

Factors unique to the job

Role in the organization

Career development

Interpersonal work relationships

Organizational Structure/Climate

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StressStress

A Model of Stress

StressStress

Environmental Factors

Organizational Factors

Individual Factors

Individual Differences

Experience Stress

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StressStress

Environmental Factors

Economic Uncertainty

Political Uncertainty

Technological Uncertainty

Organizational Factors

Individual Factors

Task Demands

Role Demands

Interpersonal Demands

Organizational Structure

Organizational Leadership

Family Problems

Economic Problems

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StressStress

Experience Stress

Physiological Symptoms

Headaches

High blood presure

Heart Disease

Psychological Symptoms Anxiety Depression Decrease in job

satisfaction

Behavioral symptoms Productivity Absenteeism Turnover

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StressStress

Stress Management Strategies

Individual Approaches

Time

Management

• An understanding & utilization of basic time management principles can help individuals better cope with job demands.

Physica

l Exercis

e

• Noncompetitive physical exercise (as aerobics, jogging, and riding a bicycle have been advice physicians as a way to deal with excessive stress levels.

Relaxation Trainin

g

• Individuals can teach themselves to relax through techniques such as meditation, hypnosis, and biofeedback. The objective is to reach a state of deep relaxation

Social

Support

• Having friends, family, or work colleagues to talk to provides an outlet when stress levels become excessive. Expanding your social support network

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StressStress

Stress Management Strategies

Organisational Approach

Goal Setting

The use of goals can reduce stress and

provide motivation.

Specific goals that are

perceived as attainable

clarify performance expectations results in less

stress

Job Redesign

Redesigning jobs to give employees

more responsibility,

more meaningful work, more

autonomy, and increased

feedback can reduce stress

Participative Decision Making

By giving these employees a

voice in decisions that directly

affect their job performances,

management can increase

employee control and reduce this

role stress.

Organizational Commitment

Given the importance that perceptions play

in moderating the stress-response

relationship, management can also use effective communications

as a means to shape employee

perceptions

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StressStress

Wellness Program

These programs focus on the employee's total physical and mental condition. For example, they typically provide workshops to help people –-quit smoking-control alcohol use-lose weight-eat better, and -develop a regular exercise program.

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StressStress

How to change the Organization to prevent Job stress.

Ensure that the workload is in line with workers' capabilities and resources.

Design jobs to provide meaning, stimulation, and opportunities for workers to use their skills.

Clearly define workers' roles and responsibilities.

To reduce workplace stress, managers may monitor the workload given out to the employees. Also while they are being trained they should let employees understand and be notified of stress awareness.

Give workers opportunities to participate in decisions and actions affecting their jobs.

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StressStress

How to change the Organization to prevent Job stress.

Improve communications-reduce uncertainty about career development and future employment prospects.

Provide opportunities for social interaction among workers.

Establish work schedules that are compatible with demands and responsibilities outside the job.

Combat workplace discrimination (based on race, gender, national origin, religion or language).

Introducing a participative leadership style to involve as many subordinates as possible to resolve stress-producing problems.

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PersonalityPersonality

Personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make a person unique.

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PersonalityPersonality

Major Personality attributes influencing OB

Self Monitoring

Machiavellian

personalityLocus

of Contr

ol

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PersonalityPersonality

Internal Locus of control

Belief that one controls key events & consequences in one’s life

External Locus of control

One’s life outcomes attributed to environmental factors such as luck or fate

Machiavellianism – People who adopt a manipulative approach to their relations with others are described as being high in Machiavellianism (known as high Mach's)

Pragmatic

Maintain Emotional Distance

Locus of Control

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Self Esteem - The degree to which a person likes or dislikes himself. It is directly related to expectations for success.

• Two types High Self esteem Low Self esteem

Risk Propensity

Willingness to take riskQuick Decision makingSpecific to job.

Self Monitoring - Ability to adjust our behavior to external, situational factors.

PersonalityPersonality

PersonalityPersonality

Type A Personalit

y

• Suffer high level of stress

• Quantity over quality

• Time Pressure / Deadlines.

• Rarely creative , Poor Decision Makers

Type

B Perso

nality

• Good Decision maker

• Quality of work

• No compromise on health

• Wiser than hasty

• Creative / innovative solutions to same problem.

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PersonalityPersonality

Five Dimensions – Cricketers Example

ExtraversionOutgoing, Talkative, Sociable, Assertive

Agreeableness, Trusting, Good Natured, Co-operative, Soft Hearted

Conscientiousness, Dependable, Responsible, Achievement oriented, Persistent

Emotional StabilityRelaxed, Secure, Unworried.

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PersonalityPersonality

Case in Point

Tim Cook's more communicative, amicable personality is transforming Apple's image

More than a half a year ago, Steve Jobs passedaway but he prepared his successor before that– Timothy D. Cook took over Apple in the summer of 2011 – From the iron fist management style of Jobs, Cook seems to be transforming Apple into a more typical, corporate structure, more accessible to the public, with a bigger focus on overseas workers' conditions and with a CEO that's actually smiling and more down to earth.

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www.presentationpoint.com

Mahesh Karane

Sneha Choughule

Mubin Sayyed

Kapil Rode

Sanjeev Chengond

Jaikumar Bhatia

Milin Chakravarty

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