Catalog of the Future

Catalog of the FutureCatalog of the Future

Sally GrucanSally Grucan

Wesleyan University LibraryWesleyan University Library

April 3, 2007April 3, 2007

Marshall Breeding. Trends in Library Automation: Meeting the Challenges of a New Generation of Library Users.” OCLC Office of Research, Distinguished Seminar Series, Nov. 29, 2006. http://www.oclc.org/research/dss/ppt/breeding.ppt

OCLC. Perceptions of libraries and information resources: a report to the OCLC membership. 2005. http://www.oclc.org/reports/2005perceptions.htm

Revitalizing the Research Library Catalog

Karen Calhoun. The Changing Nature of the Catalog and its Integration with Other Discovery Tools: Final Report, March 17, 2006, p. 11, fig. 1. Prepared for the Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/calhoun-report-final.pdf

Marshall Breeding. Trends in Library Automation: Meeting the Challenges of a New Generation of Library Users.” OCLC Office of Research, Distinguished Seminar Series, Nov. 29, 2006. http://www.oclc.org/research/dss/ppt/breeding.ppt

“To ask catalogs to serve as portals to the Web is asking too much of them, just as asking portals to serve as catalogs of ‘the non-Web’ is asking too much of them.”

Brian E.C. Schottlaender commentary to “The catalog as portal to the internet” by Sarah E. Thomas, LC Bicentennia Conference on Bibliographic Control for the New Millennium: Confronting the Challenges of Networked Resources and the Web” http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol/schottlaender_paper.html

Two-part discovery model

A. Library as search destination

B. Library as source of discovery

Marshall Breeding. Trends in Library Automation: Meeting the Challenges of a New Generation of Library Users.” OCLC Office of Research, Distinguished Seminar Series, Nov. 29, 2006. http://www.oclc.org/research/dss/ppt/breeding.ppt

Library discovery model, part A

Libraries

GOOGLEZON!

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/11/photogalleries/godzilla/

Google Book Search

Google Book Search single record

http://books.google.com/

Google Book Search scroll down

Amazon.com

LibX toolbar in Firefox

Maryville University Library’s use of LibX toolbar in Firefox. More info: http://www.maryville.edu/library/libx/default.asp

Results in Maryville catalog have link back to Firefox

How do they do it?

Web services are technologies allowing applications (software that

performs a task) to communicate across platforms (hardware/software

framework which allows software to run) and programming languages using standard protocols based on XML (eXtensible Markup Language).

Approaches to finding information• Bibliographic surrogates (catalogs, abstracting

& indexing)• Computational, content-based techniques

that compare queries to parts of the actual works (full-text searching)

• Social processes that consider works in relation to the user and his/her characteristics and history, to other works, and to the behavior of other communities of users (reviews, citation indexes, suggestions from colleagues, web communities)

Calhoun, Karen. The Changing Nature of the catalog and its integration with other discovery tools: final report, March 17, 2006. Prepared for the Library of Congress.

http://www.loc.gov/catdir/calhoun-report-final.pdf

Users like• Single search box• Default AND Boolean operator• Spell-checking• Relevance ranking, Google-like post-Boolean methods• Clustering of results, e.g. FRBR-ized• Help in refining search results, e.g. facets• Standardized searching techniques• Retrieve something• Friendly messages (“Did you mean? “More like this?”

“People interested in this also liked”)• Enhanced records• Visualization, e.g. tag clouds• Link to full text whenever possible• No need to repeat the search in different systems;

federated searching• Social networking: tagging, rating, reviews, bookmarking

WorldCat.org

WorldCat.org single record“find in a library” results

WorldCat.org single record in my library

OCLC Fiction Finder search

http://fictionfinder.oclc.org/

OCLC Fiction Finder results

OCLC Fiction Finder all editions

OCLC Fiction Finder single record

Library discovery model, part B

Marshall Breeding. Trends in Library Automation: Meeting the Challenges of a New Generation of Library Users.” OCLC Office of Research, Distinguished Seminar Series, Nov. 29, 2006. http://www.oclc.org/research/dss/ppt/breeding.ppt

NCSU Endeca catalog

http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/catalog/

Plymouth State U. experimental “Scriblio” catalog based on WordPress (open-source blog management application)

Created by Casey Bisson http://www.plymouth.edu/library/opac/

U.Rochester CUIPID experimental catalog

CUIPID project http://docushare.lib.rochester.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-18040/CUIPID%20Project.ppt

Koha open-source catalog repackaged by LibLime

http://zoomopac.liblime.com/. Implementation at Nelsonville Public Library http://search.athenscounty.lib.oh.us/cgi-bin/koha/opac-main.pl

Koha single record with Amazon data

Serial record family tree based on 76x linking fields in bib records

Washington State Library Newspapers

http://www.secstate.wa.gov/library/docs/iii/seattlepi.htm

Library homepage Extremely compact

Brigham Young University Library’s homepage http://www.lib.byu.edu/

Incorporating the catalog

U. Minnesota Undergraduate Virtual Library

http://www.lib.umn.edu/undergrad/

“… decouple the user experience layer from the library’s back-office functions, separating data creation and maintenance from its discovery.” 

Michael Kaplan. OPAC 2.0 and beyond: can librarians succeed as counter-counter revolutionaries? NELINET 2006. http://www.nelinet.net/edserv/conf/cataloging/opac06/kaplan.ppt

Primo from Ex Libris• End-user discovery tool for library-selected resources• Optimizes searches for locally-controlled resources that can be harvested (“just in case”

processing): catalogs, databases, local digitized collections• Harvests remote collections, e.g. content available thorugh Open Archives Initiative Protocol

for Metadata Harvesting (OAI)• Uses MetaLib to perform searches on remote databases (“just in time” federated searching)• Indexes and displays results together:

– Normalizes records– Enriches the source data with covers, TOC’s, etc.– Dedups and creates FRBR-ized groups

• Toolbar may be embedded in Google, etc. (like LibX)

http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/resources/various/primo_A4.pdf

John Webb. Lib 2.0: Hip or Hype, WSU Libraries Learning Break, May 26, 2006, Washington State U.

www.wsulibs.wsu.edu/usered/learnbreak/materials/web2.ppt

Primo search screen

Tamar Sadeh, with Michael Kaplan and Ex Libris staff. Primo: an exclusive peek from Ex Libris, recording of a webinar held May 9, 2006.

Register at http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/webinar_1144862525.htm

Primo search screen with MetaLib

Results

FRBRized

grouping Appropriate access:

location, player,

or viewer

Single record with SFX button

Single record for a book

User can add reviews and tags

Tagging help

No dead ends

Search view customizable

Library staff participation, too• Make personal and public recommendations

of sources and articles• Expose library’s selection processes• Expose library expertiseCody Hanson. A Lesson from Web. 2.0 for Academic Libraries,

http://codyhanson.com/CodyHansonCIC032007.ppt, slide #19. Presented at CIC Library Conference “Getting in the Flow,” Mar. 19-20, 2007. Referring to the functionality of Digg.com

Cataloging of the future• Better sense of user needs and costs to determine

what needs to be cataloged or cataloged at what level/with what metadata/in which database

• Any metadata is good. Record entered at time of selection/order can be upgraded automatically over time (Bib Notification, Marcadia)

• Inadequacy and inflexibility of AACR2/RDA and MARC. Many access points unused.

• LC cutting back• Root out redundancy• Dramatically increase cooperative cataloging in

WorldCat• Less emphasis on description, more on discovery

and access

Andrew Pace on NCSU catalog• 2/3 of users do a plain search without

refinements• 25% do a search with some navigation • 8% do pure navigation (browse); mostly

looking at “new books” option• Most-used refinements: LC class and LCSH• 1/2 of navigation is subject-based• Most searches are keyword• 4% subject searches• 8% author searches

Andrew Pace. “The promise and paradox of bibliographic control.” Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control, March 8, 2007. Karen Coyle blog http://kcoyle.blogspot.com/

“Research libraries are spending a fortune on creating metadata that is mismatched to our users’ needs.”

Bernie Hurley. “Users and uses, research libraries” section, Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control, Mar. 8, 2007. Karen Coyle blog http://kcoyle.blogspot.com

Role of metadata Must primarily facilitate document-selection

decisions. Qualify retrievals:• In a discipline: in biology, in computer science, in the history of art, in

mathematics, in meteorology, in physics, in theology, etc. • With knowledge of the subject at a particular academic level: with an

elementary education, with a high school education, with a college education, etc.

• To what extent the author is an authority on the topic at hand. • For a particular class of people: for teens, for seniors, for shut-ins, etc. • Is a particular genre or of a particular literary nature: encyclopedias, law,

newspapers, poetry, history, bibliography, research, diaries, statistics, state-of-the-art review, dissertation, first-person account, fiction, etc.

• When the particular subject took place: 16th century, Age of Enlightenment, Victorian Era, 1939-1945, etc.

• What can be done with the document: buy, read, solve, calculate, download, play games, chat, sell, gamble, search, listen, watch, etc.

• How others benefited from using the document, i.e., reviews and ratings. • What kind of experience the user gets from the document: scary stories,

sad pictures, funny jokes, break-your-heart lyrics, etc.

Karen Markey. “The online library catalog: Paradise lost and Paradise regained?” D-Lib magazine, v.13, no. 1/2 (Jan./Feb. 2007). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january07/markey/01markey.html

Keywords lack• Contextual info• Term control• Conceptual groupings• Conceptual browsing

More than 1/3 of records retrieved by keyword searches would be lost if subject headings were not present

Calhoun Bibliography, p. 46

Skepticism about controlling topical terms, but broad support for control of names, geographical terms, time periods, and uniform titles or some sort of work identifier

Classification the new controlled terminology?Identities vs. authority control

Controlled terminology still needed

FAST: Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, a project of OCLC, ALA, and LC.

http://www.oclc.org/research/presentations/oneill/ALA2004FAST.ppt

FAST vs. LCSH

“Local OPACs have served a purpose but if I were designing an information discovery system today there would be no local catalog,” he says. “OPACs represent a tremendous duplication of effort.”

Gregg Silvis, Assistant Director for Library Computing Systems, University of Delaware Library. Quoted in Tom Storey. “Moving to the Network Level.” Next: the OCLC Newsletter, no. 4, p.

6-11. http://www.oclc.org/nextspace/004/1.htm

WorldCat as our catalog?

Doug Loynes. OCLC WorldCat.org Update, Oct. 30, 2006. http://www.oclc.org/memberscouncil/meetings/2007/october/worldcatservices.ppt

• Customization: Collections, customized ranking, branding

• Interoperability: Local holdings, patron authentication, local circulation, consortial resource sharing

• Configuration: Institution and group profiles, interoperability testing, implementation

• Other: Direct consortial borrowing, reference and citation management, group resolution

SUMMER 2007

Other WorldCat developments

• RLG institutional records/enriching master records

• Identities• Terminologies Service• Improved Bibliographic Notification (2007)• Marcadia (Backstage Library Works)• Reclamation• eSerials Holdings service• Selection Service …

Wesleyan Library 2.0

Recommended sources BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Breeding, Marshall and Tom Peters. Smart Libraries Newsletter. http://www.techsource.ala.org/sln/• Calhoun, Karen. The Changing Nature of the catalog and its integration with other discovery tools: final report,

March 17, 2006. Prepared for the Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/calhoun-report-final.pdf• Library Technology Reports. http://www.techsource.ala.org/ltr/• Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control. Public meetings. First meeting “Users

and Uses of Bibliographic Data,” Mar. 8, 2007. “Brief meeting summary” by Nancy J. Fallgren http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/meetings/2007_mar08.html. Blog of meeting by Karen Coyle http://kcoyle.blogspot.com

• Marcum, Deanna B. The future of cataloging. Address to the EBSCO Leadership Seminar, Dec. 16, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/library/reports/CatalogingSpeech.pdf

• Markey, Karen. “The online library catalog: Paradise lost and Paradise regained?” D-Lib magazine, v.13, no. 1/2 (Jan./Feb. 2007). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january07/markey/01markey.html

• Schneider, Karen. “How OPACs suck,” parts 1-3, ALA TechSource blog, Mar. 13, 2006-May 20, 2006. Part 1 with links to parts 2-3: http://www.techsource.ala.org/blog/2006/03/how-opacs-suck-part-1-relevance-rank-or-the-lack-of-it.html

• University of California Libraries. Bibliographic Services Task Force. 2005. Rethinking how we provide bibliographic services for the University of California. http://libraries.universityofcalifornia.edu/sopag/BSTF/Final.pdf

BLOGS

• ALA TechSource Blog http://www.techsource.ala.org/blog/• Catalogablog http://catalogablog.blogspot.com/• Disruptive Library Technology Jester http://dltj.org/• Lorcan Dempsey’s Weblog http://orweblog.oclc.org/• Planet Cataloging an automatically-generated aggregation of blogs related to cataloging and metadata

http://planetcataloging.org/