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Air Barrier Paper
• A polyolefin sheet material that is permeable to water vapor but not to air or liquid water.
• Air barriers protect the structure from weather to ensure that the interior walls do not become mildewed and corroded. Also they help to reduce energy used by limiting airflow.
Attic Ventilation1. Soffit Vents
located at the eave of a roof, permit generous airflow to the rafter space as they act as the intake to the attic’s ventilation.
Attic Ventilation2. Ridge Vent
Ridge Vents, located at the highest point of a roof, allows air to be exhausted while still protecting the attic from weather.
Attic Ventilation3. Gable Vent
located high in the wall at opposite ends
of an attic. Gable vents create a cross draft to help ventilate
the attic.
Attic Ventilation4. Roof Turbines
Roof Turbines use wind to expel air out of the attic to ensure the moist air does not settle
in the attic and
begin to mold.
Backhoe• Piece of equipment used in the excavation of a site consisting of a
digging bucket on the end of a two-piece articulated arm. This bucket is thirty inches wide.
Batter Boards• Boards that are set horizontally along the edge of a foundation,
which are used to support strings that outline the foundation.
Brick Arch
Brick Arch
Brick Arch WithKeystone
Brick ArchesCentering
• Centering is the process of setting up temporary formwork in the process of building an arch, dome, or vault.
Brick BondsCommon
Brick BondsRowlocks
Brick BondsHeaders
Brick BondsSoldier
Brick Bonds Shiners
Brick SizeModular Brick
Modular Brick - 3 5/8” x 2 1/4” x 7 5/8”
Brick SizeUtility Brick
3 5/8” x 3 5/8” x 11 1/2”
Bulldozer
A heavy engineering vehicle that has a large vertically mounted blade in the front that is used to move earth, tree stumps etc.
Cladding - Brick
Cladding - EIFS
Cladding - Stone
Cladding - Wood Boards
Cladding - Wood Shingles
Wood Shakes: a shingle split from a block of woodWood Shingle: is sawn from a block of wood
Wood Shakes
Code RequirementsWindow
IBC Requirements:Sill height less than 44”Min. Width 20”Min. Height 24”Min. Area 5.7 sf
Measurements:Sill Height: 20”Width: 31 1/2”Height: 37 1/2”Area: 8.2 sf
This window meets all of the IBC requirements for window sizing.
Code RequirementsStair
IBC Requirements:Min. Tread Depth 10”Riser Height 4”- 7 3/4”
Actual Measurements:Tread Depth: 10”Riser Height: 7”
Concrete JointsControl Joint
An intentional groove strategically placed to prevent cracking in a slab of concrete.
Concrete JointsIsolation
A joint placed in such a way as to separate column bases and other structures to keep unwanted stresses from causing cracks along the slab.
Two Different Sized CMU’s
Decorative CMUSplit Block
Decorative CMURibbed Split-Face Block
DoorsExterior Flush
DoorsExterior Panel
Panel
Stile
Top Rail
Lock Rail
Bottom Rail
DoorsTransom
A window above a door that is usually hinged to a horizontal crosspiece over the door.
Transom
DoorsSidelight
A tall, narrow window alongside a door.
Sidelight
ElectricalTransformer
An electrical device that changes the voltage of alternating current.
ElectricalService Head
Where the three wires (two hot and one neutral) enter the house
ElectricalMeter
Measures power usage of the home.
ElectricalService Panel
Houses the breakers, which act as fuses, for the electrical circuits in the home.
ElectricalDuplex Receptacle
Electrical outlet with space for two plugs
Framing Elements1. Anchor Bolt
Framing Elements2. Sill Plate
Framing Elements3. Floor Joist
Framing Elements4. Subflooring
Framing Elements5. Sole Plate
Framing Elements6. Stud
Framing Elements7. Top Plate
Framing Elements8. Ceiling Joist
Framing Elements9. Rafter
Framing Elements10. Roof Decking
Framing Elements11. Sheathing
Framing Elements 12. Stringer
Front-End Loader
Front-end loaders are used to move a material from one place to another. Unlike the bulldozer, the front-end loader can pick up material in its bucket whereas a bulldozer can only push the material. A front-end loader cannot dig into the ground like a
backhoe can do.
Gypsum Board
Wall board made of layers of fiberboard or paper bonded to a gypsum core
Heat Pump
• Compressor/Condenser
fan moves outdoor air across coils containing refrigerant to change the temperature of
the refrigerant.
• Air Handling Unitconditions and circulates the air
in an air-conditioning unit
Advantage: Has the ability to both heat and coolDisadvantage: Difficult to zone
Insulation1. Batt/Blanket
Most popular type of insulation for wall cavities. Also used in some attics, roofs, and floors.
Insulation2. Loose Fill
Most commonly used in attics because it is inexpensive and leaves few voids with no gaps between pieces.
Insulation4. Rigid Board
Used where high R-value per unit thickness is necessary. Commonly found in roof assemblies, walls and ceilings where insulation thickness
is limited, and in below grade areas with a special water resistant composition.
Lintel
A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening.
Mortar #1Tooled, Concave3/8” wideCommercial BuildingMortar Type: N
Mortar #2Tooled, Flush3/8” wideResidential HomeMortar Type: N
Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
A non-veneered building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure. The strands of rectangular wood strips are held together by a wax and resin adhesive.
Plumbing Roof Vent
The Vent Through Roof (VTR) maintains a system of plumbing drains and waste lines at atmospheric pressure by connecting them to the outdoor air.
Plumbing Sink
Drop-In Sink
Plywood
A wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer and bonded together under pressure.Veneer – A thin layer, sheet or facing.
Radiant Barrier
Placed adjacent to an airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy.
Rebar#5 Rebar, 5/8”
Deformations in rebar are to help prevent slipping
Steep Roof DrainageGutter
a narrow channel which collects rainwater from the roof of a building and diverts it away from the structure, typically into a drain. The main purpose of a rain gutter is to protect a building‘s foundation by channeling water away from its base
Steep Roof DrainageDownspout
Feeds the water collected by the rain gutter
Steep Roof DrainageSplashblock
Used in order to prevent soil erosion/moisture problems around the foundation of a building or house. Leads the water away from foundation
Steep Roof Shapes1. Gabel Roof
Steep Roof Shapes2. Gambrel Roof
Steep Roof Shapes3. Hip Roof
Steep Roof Shapes4. Mansard Roof
Steep Roof TermsRidge- level intersection of 2 roof planes in a gable roof
Rake- sloping edge of steep roof
Steep Roof TermsValley- trough formed by the intersection of 2 roof slopes
Steep Roof TermsEave- horizontal edge at he low side of a sloping roof
Soffit-undersurface of a horizontal element of a building
Fascia-exposed vertical surface of an eave
StoneRandom Rubble Pattern
StoneCoursed Rubble Pattern
Stone
Coursed Ashlar Random Ashlar
Vapor RetarderPlaced between insulation and sheathing, prevents condensation of water vapor
Waterproofing
Impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundationprevents penetration of water
Weep HoleA small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or
assembly.
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