Bruce Topp - The opportunities

The opportunities

Prepared by: Name….Dr Bruce Topp

Title….Associate Professor

Date….8 October 2014

What are the new varieties capable of?

Australian Rules Football

What is the common link?

Macadamias

• Born in Scotland, 1827

• Studied chemistry and medicine at

Edinburgh and Glasgow

• 1855, Teacher at Scotch College,

Melbourne

• 1858, Umpire for the 1st game of

Australian Rules Football (Scotch

College v Melbourne Grammar)

This man

• 1857-1863, Secretary and Vice-

President of Royal Society of Victoria

• Baron Sir Ferdinand von Mueller

(Director of Melbourne Botanic

Gardens) was also a member of the

Royal Society and named the

Macadamia after his colleague

• Parliamentarian, Lecturer at the

School of Medicine at Melb Uni and

Postmaster General of Victoria.

John Macadam (1827-1865)

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Outline

• Background

• Project team

• Generations in breeding

• Priorities

• Results from breeding

• Pollination

• Cultivar release timeline

• Seedling v RVT results

• Future research

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Project team

• B. Topp, C. Hardner, J. Neal, A. Kelly, R. Daley, D. Russell, P. O’Hare, A. Kilian, A. Drenth, F. Akinsanmi, R. Huwer, C. Maddox

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Generations of breeding

Gen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

UFSunUFGold

Fla. 84-18c op Diamante

Fla. 9-20c op x

Fla. K5w35

Fla. B-11

Fla. A5-107 (K-gold)

Fla. 4-65

Fla. 2-13 op FV 243-114

Southland

Hawaiian

Palomar

Fla. 68-50 op Fla.88-21Panamint

Fla. R9T10 op FV244-4

Southland

Hawaiian

NCA2219 Fla. 90-50cn

Peach

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Generations of breeding

Gen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

UFSunUFGold

Fla. 84-18c op Diamante

Fla. 9-20c op x

Fla. K5w35

Fla. B-11

Fla. A5-107 (K-gold)

Fla. 4-65

Fla. 2-13 op FV 243-114

Southland

Hawaiian

Palomar

Fla. 68-50 op Fla.88-21Panamint

Fla. R9T10 op FV244-4

Southland

Hawaiian

NCA2219 Fla. 90-50cn

Peach

2Gen 1

Wild

macs

Aust

Jordan 1892

Intro to Hawaii

Nutridgeorchard

Kau

(344)

Macadamia

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Breeding opportunities exist

• Very little genetic improvement so far

• Centre of origin is here in NSW and QLD

• We have all the wild germplasm

• New cultivars for improved global competitiveness

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Breeding priorities

• Yield

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Breeding priorities

• Yield• Husk spot• Quality• Fruit spotting bug• Tree size

Traits evaluated

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• All trials

– NIS yield

– Kernel recovery

– Tree height

– Canopy width

• Top 150 seedlings

– Foliage density

– Branch angle

– Tree health

– Stick tights

– Husk spot

– Phytophthora

– Wind damage

– Kernel weight

– % wholes and twins

– Taste

– Kernel quality (insect, mould and 17 defects)

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Controlled hybridisation

Location of seedling trials

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• 4 populations

• planted 1997 to 2014

• n = 5,868 seedlings

• 11 locations,

– Alstonville (south)

– Baffle Creek (north)

Location of seedling trials

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• 4 populations

• planted 1997 to 2014

• n = 5,868 seedlings

• 11 locations,

– Alstonville (south)

– Baffle Creek (north)

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Variation in mean yield across sites

• Low yield at Yandina (1.2 kg/tree)

• Highest at Hinkler (19.8 kg/tree)

• Genetic value is predicted to allow comparison across trials

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Seedling performance

• Compare best seedlings with standards in B1.2

• Similar kernel recovery and canopy volume

• Increase in cumulative NIS yield to age 8 (kg/tree)

• Require validation in Regional Variety Trials

Cultivar release timeline

Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTs

(regional variety trials)

Time

Cultivar release timeline

Now

Generation:

Produce seedling families Assess seedling trialsplanted2011/16

Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplant97/98

Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplanted2000/03

Cultivar release timeline

Now

Generation:

Produce seedling families Assess seedling trialsplanted2011/16

Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplanted97/98

Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTs

Release in 2017n= 1,611 seedlings

Cultivar release timeline

Now

Generation:

Produce seedling families Assess seedling trialsplanted2011/16

Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplant97/98

Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplanted2000/03

Top 21 selected Sept 2014n= 1,961 seedlings

Cultivar release timeline

Now

Generation:

Produce seedling families Assess seedling trialsplanted2011/16

Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplant97/98

Produce seedling families Assess seedling trials Determine best performers Assess in RVTsplanted2000/03

2,300 planted so far,

aiming for 10,000

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0

5

10

15

20

4 5 6 7 8 9

NIS

yie

ld (

kg

/tre

e)

Tree age (years)

Hinkler seedling selection

Top 21 seedlings from MIVIC meeting 2014

Future

• Genomic selection

• Husk spot disease nursery

• Rootstock screening

• Wild species– M. jansenii

– M. ternifolia

60% kernel recovery

in M. ternifolia hybrids

Summary

• Breeding for 19 years

• Only 4-6 generations from wild

• 1st cultivar release 2017

• Best seedlings, over 30% yield increase

• Must validate seedling results in RVTs

Acknowledgments

• Grower co-operators and managers at the 11 progeny trial sites

• MIVIC project steering committee

• CSIRO conducted breeding until 2009

• Funding from HAL, AMS, QAAFI, DAFF, NSW DPI

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry