Bolster

Barbara Holler

Visual DictionarySpring 2009Methods, Materials & Equipment I

Final Project BSCI 2300

Air Barrier Paper

Sheet of material/paper used as vapor retarder and air barrier allows vapor to pass through but not air.

Attic Ventilation Materials

Allows water vapor and heat to escape, and advantageous to have both low/intake and high/exhaust vents.

SOFFIT VENT

RIDGE VENT

GABLE VENT

ROOF TURBINE

ME

ME REALLY

Back Hoe

Excavating equipment with a digging bucket on one end and

a two-part movable arm. Typicallyattached to a tractor or front end loader.

Backhoes are used for many things ie. construction, small demolitions, light transportation of building materials, powering building equipment, digging holes/excavating, landscaping, breaking asphalt, and paving roads). The backhoe bucket can also be replaced with powered attachments such as a breaker, grapple, auger, or a stump grinder. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backhoe_loader

30” bucket

40” bucket

Batter Boards

Temporary frame built to outline the dimensions of a building, foundation or on the ‘first level’ just outside the corners of an excavation for basements. Used to show position, shape and sized of the building on the site.

ME if I could have found any

Brick ArchesStructural form as well as decorative detail above an opening made of bricks.

Centering – is a temporary wood frame to help the mason to form the arch.

Arch witha keystone

Roman Arch

Parabolic ArchJack Arch Segmental Arch

___l

ME REALLY

Brick Bonds

Adhesive force between mortar and brick masonry unit, or the pattern in which units are laid to tie two or more wythes together into a structural unit.

Rowlocks

StretchersRowlocksSoldier

Brick Bonds

Decorative CMUStack Bond

No overlapping has straighthorizontal & vertical lines

Running BondAll stretchers

My BIGHead

Brick SizesStandard sizes of Bricks depend on the manufacture. The typically used size isModular 3 ½” W x 7 ½” L x 2 ¼” H You can special order any size you would like at extra cost. However there is such a wide range of sizes if you shop around you will find what you want.Bricks are very versatile & can be made to look however you would like.The typical other sizes available vary

from 3” to 3 5/8” widthfrom 7 ½” to 11 5/8” lengthfrom 1 5/8” to 3 5/8” height

These are not a standard brickThey are brick pavers

6 ¼” W x 9 ½” L & 6 ¼” W x 6 ¼”

These are much larger than any standard sized 5 5/8” W x 11 5/8” L

These are actually a Modular brick size of 3 1/3” W x 7 ½” L x 2 ¼” Hon the Standard Brick Size Chart

However, they have added some nice details.

Bulldozer

Heavy earthmoving equipment with front-mounted blades, pushes dirt, rubble, etc. around on the ground.

Cladding 1 of 2

Is the exterior wall material used to enclose a building.

EIFS or Stucco

Brick Cladding

I’m hidding

Look in the Mirror

Cladding 2 of 2

Shingle siding

Stone

Wood Siding

Code Requirements

Tread 11” wide - Riser 7 ¾” high

Set of legal requirements or restrictions to ensure a minimum standard of health and safety in buildings. Since I live in a Studio Apt. my bedroom is also my living room, therefore the front door is my “Means of Egress” that meets the code requirements of at least one 3’ opening as a means of exit to the exterior, it also meets the requirement of NOT having a double keyed deadbolt.

The Stairs meet the Code Requirements of a minimum of 10” treads and maximum of 7 ¾” risers, as well as meeting the code for having an exterior landing.

Concrete Joints

An international, linear discontinuity of a structure, designed to form a weakness to ‘control’ where a crake will ‘hopefully’ form. It WILL crack because of various forces, therefore a Joint is to try to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure.

Isolation Joint – is just as it is named. It isolates things from others, such as isolates a column from the surrounding concrete.

Control JointFailed

Isolation Joint

Concrete Masonry UnitsCMU is a block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, in the

form of a block, designed to be laid in the same manner as brick or stone. Also designed so 3 rows of brick equals the height of 1 CMU Block.

Typical dimensions 8” high x 16” long with different widths (depth)

2 different sized CMUStandard 8”H x 16”L x 12” WThe other 12”H x 16”L x 12”W

Decorative Concrete Masonry Unit

Are used to give a different architectural design &/or look. There are several different ways this masonry and be formed and economically manufactured. Surface patterns, textures and colors. Used in exposed use for interior or exterior walls. Split-face, scored-face, Slump, ribbed split-face, striated blocks

Split-face Block

Ribbed Split-face Block

In the mirror again

DoorsInterior & exterior doors come in many styles, color, and patterns

you can come up with anything to fit your living style & look of your home. First you have to decide where, interior – swing (single or double) bi-fold, pocket, or sliding. Exterior - single hung, terrace, French, sliding, etc. Style z-brace, flush, stile-and-rail, glazed glass, the number of panels, what material, with or without sidelights. Then there are the materials you want to use and the choices go on and on.

Sidelight – tall narrow window beside doorTransom – short long window above door

2 panel doorWith sidelightsand transom

Top Rail

Stile

Lock Rail

Panel

Bottom Rail Flush Barnlike door

Electrical Components

Meters

Electric MeterMeasures power usage

DuplexReceptacle

Appliance hook-upto electric circuit

LightSwitch

To turn electricityon to a light

Power pole& transformer

Converts the several thousand volts to 110/220-volt for customer use

Consist of many different parts to carry the direct-current voltage (electricity) from the supplier to the user. Some of these components are the Power pole, transformer for above ground service, or underground supply has a transformer box on the ground. The other items are service head, meter, service panel, duplex receptacle where the user plugs in there item’s electrical cord to be able to use the item.

ServicePanel

Where electric servicecomes into the building,

Typically with circuit breakers for safety

ServiceHead

Its me I promise

Framing Components 1 of 2

#1 Anchor Bolt

#2 Sill Plate#3 Floor joints & bracing

#4 Subfloor

#7 Top Plate#6 Stud#5 Sole Plate

Framing Components 2 of 2

HeaderOpening for windowSealJack stud

#9 Rafters & #8 Ceiling joists

#8 Ceiling joists& bracing

#9 Rafters#10 RoofDecking

(covered withfelt paper)

#11 Sheathing

#12 Stringer

Front End Loader

Heavy earthmoving equipment with a very large scoop bucket to scoop up or pick-up earth, materials, or large things on a jobsite too large for humans to pick-up.

Gypsum Board

Interior wall panels of gypsum core between paper, also called drywall or plasterboard.

Heat PumpDevice that uses refrigeration cycle to heat or cool a

building by passing air or water over condensing coils or evaporating coils.

Heat PumpAdvantage -You can Heat & Cool with the same unitDisadvantage – is not good in all climates

InsulationInsulation helps to keep cold or hot air in or

out of a building. It can be enclosed within the walls, or exterior foam panels. It is made either as loose fill or packed tightly called batt. It is made of foam, fiberglass or rigid board.

Loose Fill Batt insulation

Rigid Board (2 size)

StyrofoamPanel Foam

Foam Insulation for small home jobs.

LintelCarry the load of a wall across a door or window

opening. Can be a beam, L-channel, or very long stone.

Steel Lintel

Mortar

Substance consisting of cement material, fine aggregate and water. It is used to join masonry units together.

3/8” Extruded Mortar Joint on an Office building(is NOT tooled nor troweled) possibly type M mortar

3/8” Tooled Concave Mortar Joint on an Church building

possibly type M mortar

Oriented Strand Board

OSB is a nonveneered building material comes in panels (typ. Size 4’ x 8’. Made with long pieces of wood fibers in specific directions and bonded together under pressure.

OSB PlywoodAt my service learning project jobsite

Plumbing

My plumbing (oh my )

Water closet 3” drain pipe

½” typically rubber flexible water supply line (this case ¼” bendable pipe)

Lavatory 1 ½”

VTR (plumbing roof vent)

is to remove combustable sewage gases

ME

Drop in Kitchen Sink

Plywood

A wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure.

Veneer is a thin layer, sheet or facing.

Look at all the choices you have at Lowes

Radiant Barrier

Reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in roof or wall to keep infrared energy from passing through it.

(couldn’t find it installed, but here it is at Lowes where you can buy it in rolls)

RebarSteel reinforcing bars put into concrete or masonry to make it stronger and able to better handle

compression loads. The deformations rolled into the surface of a reinforcing bar helps it to bond tightly to concrete. Approx. size #6 - ¾”

Rebar

Steep Roof Drainage

Gutter

DownSpout

DownSpout

Gutter – A channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof.Downspout – Vertical pipe for conducting water from a roof to a lower level.Splash block – precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of the downspout.

Steep Roof Materials

Underlayment – layer of waterproof materials (felt paper) between roof sheathing & roofing material.

Shingle is a water-resistant roofing material, overlapped, nailed to form a layering cover for a sloping roof.

Metal roofs are typically made of galvanized or aluminized steel.

Clay Tile RoofNot sureWhat thisOne isBut like it

MaybeConcrete formOr shingle?

Clay Tile Roof

Metal Panel Roof

Steep Roof Shapes

Polynesian RoofHip Roof

Hip Roof

Hip Roof

Shed roofSection

Gable roofSection

Mansard Roof

Steep Roof Terms

Stone

Vapor Retarder

Layers of material to obstruct the passage of water vapor through to the building. Vapor Retarder

Waterproofing

Water proofing comes in a variety of chooses.

Weep Holes

Small opening whose purpose is to allow water to drain an not accumulate inside of the building’s walls.

Weep Holes

Welded Wire Mesh

Grid of steel rods welded together. It is used to reinforce concrete slabs or sidewalks.

Windows

Fixed

Sidelights Awning

Casement