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A megacity means more people (including more homeless and more refugees), more city lifelines, and more buildings (including homes and business enterprizes) that are at risk from the potential disaster agents of each natural hazard. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
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STRATEGIES FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT
DURING 2013
PART 3: MAKE THE MEGACITIES MORE
DISASTER RESILIENT
MEGACITIES FACE HUGE DISASTERS FROM …
MEGACITIES FACE HUGE DISASTERS FROM …
• EARTHQUAKES• FLOODS• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS• LANDSLIDES• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS• WILDFIRES• TSUNAMIS• DROUGHTS
• EARTHQUAKES• FLOODS• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS• LANDSLIDES• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS• WILDFIRES• TSUNAMIS• DROUGHTS
WHAT HISTORY TEACHESWHAT HISTORY TEACHES
• CITIES AND MEGACITIES EXIST BY GEOLOGIC, HYDROLOGIC, AND ATMOSPHERIC CONSENT, WHICH CAN BE WITHDRAWN WITHOUT NOTICE.
• CITIES AND MEGACITIES EXIST BY GEOLOGIC, HYDROLOGIC, AND ATMOSPHERIC CONSENT, WHICH CAN BE WITHDRAWN WITHOUT NOTICE.
A DISASTER OCCURS WHEN THE MEGACITY’S PUBLIC
POLICIES ALLOW IT TO BE …
UN—PREPARED
UN—PROTECTED
UN--WARNED
UN—ABLE TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELY
UN (NON)—RESILIENT IN RECOVERY
QUESTION
• WHAT IS A MEGACITY AND WHAT VULNERABILITY REDUCTION MEASURES WILL MAKE IT LESS VULNERABLE TO THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A NATURAL HAZARD?
MEGACITIES IN 1900WORLD POPULATION:
1.6 BILLION
MEGACITIES IN 1900WORLD POPULATION:
1.6 BILLION
• TOKYO: 21.9 M• NEW YORK: 15.6 M• MEXICO CITY: 13.9 M• SAO PAULO: 12.5 M• SHANGHAI: 11.7
• TOKYO: 21.9 M• NEW YORK: 15.6 M• MEXICO CITY: 13.9 M• SAO PAULO: 12.5 M• SHANGHAI: 11.7
• OSAKA: 10.0 M• BUENOS AIRES: 9.9 M• LOS ANGELES: 9.5 M• CALCUTA 9.0 M• BEIJING 9.0 M• SOURCE: THE
POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01
• OSAKA: 10.0 M• BUENOS AIRES: 9.9 M• LOS ANGELES: 9.5 M• CALCUTA 9.0 M• BEIJING 9.0 M• SOURCE: THE
POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01
MEGACITIES IN 2000WORLD POPULATION:
6 BILLION
MEGACITIES IN 2000WORLD POPULATION:
6 BILLION
• TOKYO: 25.4 M• BOMBAY: 18.6 M• MEXICO CITY: 18.3 M• SAO PAULO: 18.0 M• NEW YORK: 16.7 M
• TOKYO: 25.4 M• BOMBAY: 18.6 M• MEXICO CITY: 18.3 M• SAO PAULO: 18.0 M• NEW YORK: 16.7 M
• LAGOS: 14.1 M• CALCUTA 13.2 M• LOS ANGELES: 13.2 M• SHANGHAI: 13.0 M• BUENOS AIRES: 12.7 M• SOURCE: THE
POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01
• LAGOS: 14.1 M• CALCUTA 13.2 M• LOS ANGELES: 13.2 M• SHANGHAI: 13.0 M• BUENOS AIRES: 12.7 M• SOURCE: THE
POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01
MEGACITIES IN 2020WORLD POPULATION:
10 BILLION
MEGACITIES IN 2020WORLD POPULATION:
10 BILLION
• BOMBAY: 28.5 M• TOKYO: 27.3 M• LAGOS: 26.5 M• DHAKA: 24.0 M• KARACHI: 21.7 M
• BOMBAY: 28.5 M• TOKYO: 27.3 M• LAGOS: 26.5 M• DHAKA: 24.0 M• KARACHI: 21.7 M
• SAO PAULO: 21.3 M • MEXICO CITY: 19.6 M• JAKARTA: 19.4• CALCUTA 18.8 M• NEW DEHLI: 18:4 M• SOURCE: THE
POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01
• SAO PAULO: 21.3 M • MEXICO CITY: 19.6 M• JAKARTA: 19.4• CALCUTA 18.8 M• NEW DEHLI: 18:4 M• SOURCE: THE
POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01
TOKYO IS A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS
TOKYO IS A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS
CAIRO IS A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS
CAIRO IS A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS
ISTHANBUL IS A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDSISTHANBUL IS A MEGACITY AT
RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS
ISTHANBUL: CAUSES OF VULNERABILITIES
ISTHANBUL: CAUSES OF VULNERABILITIES
• SIZE• FRAGILITY OF
EXISTING BUIDINGS/ INFRASTRUCTURE
• INADEQUATE PROTECTION MEASURES
• CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND PRACTICES
• SIZE• FRAGILITY OF
EXISTING BUIDINGS/ INFRASTRUCTURE
• INADEQUATE PROTECTION MEASURES
• CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND PRACTICES
SAN FRANCISCO: DEPENDENT ON TRANSPORTATION
SAN FRANCISCO: DEPENDENT ON TRANSPORTATION
• DAMAGE TO ONE SPAN OF THE BAY BRIDGE IN 1989 CHANGED THE LIVES OF MILLIONS AND DISRUPTED MANY BUSINESSES.
• NO ONE KNOWS THE TRUE COST.
• DAMAGE TO ONE SPAN OF THE BAY BRIDGE IN 1989 CHANGED THE LIVES OF MILLIONS AND DISRUPTED MANY BUSINESSES.
• NO ONE KNOWS THE TRUE COST.
LOS ANGELES: DEPENDENT ON UTILITY SYSTEMS
LOS ANGELES: DEPENDENT ON UTILITY SYSTEMS
• DAMAGE TO A UTILIYY CORRIDOR CAUSED WIDESPREAD OUTAGES OF POWER, GAS, WATER, AND WASTE CENTERS.
• OUTAGES LED TO LOSSES IN THE BILLIONS.
• DAMAGE TO A UTILIYY CORRIDOR CAUSED WIDESPREAD OUTAGES OF POWER, GAS, WATER, AND WASTE CENTERS.
• OUTAGES LED TO LOSSES IN THE BILLIONS.
SAN FRANCISCO: SUSCEPTIBLE TO FIRE
SAN FRANCISCO: SUSCEPTIBLE TO FIRE
MEGACITYMEGACITYMEGACITYMEGACITYDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•NAT. HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY REDUCTONREDUCTON
•PREPAREDNESS•PRPTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY •EDUCATIONAL SURGES
DISASTER DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
QUESTION
• CAN WE MAKE MEGACITIES MORE RESILIENT TO NATURAL HAZARDS?
YESBUT, IT IS A TIME-, PEOPLE-,, AND STAPLE- DEPENDENT
PROCESS!
INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS
INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS
• NATURAL HAZARDS, GENERATE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS WHICH CREATE RISK TO THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT.
• THE CHOICE: LIVE WITH UNACCEPTABLE RISK OR ACCEPTABLE LEVELS OF RISK.
• NATURAL HAZARDS, GENERATE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS WHICH CREATE RISK TO THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT.
• THE CHOICE: LIVE WITH UNACCEPTABLE RISK OR ACCEPTABLE LEVELS OF RISK.
INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS
INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS
• UNACCEPTABLE RISK CALLS FOR PUBLIC POLICIES TO REDUCE VULNER-ABILITIES.
INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS
INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS
• VULNERABILITIES REFLECT POLICY FLAWS WITH RESPECT TO PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY
INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS
INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS
• PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY ARE THE MOST EFFECTIVE MEASURES.
• BUT, THEY ARE HARD TO SELL TO THE PUBLIC AND TAKE TIME TO IMPLEMENT.
• PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY ARE THE MOST EFFECTIVE MEASURES.
• BUT, THEY ARE HARD TO SELL TO THE PUBLIC AND TAKE TIME TO IMPLEMENT.
MEGACITY DISASTER RESILIENCEMEGACITY DISASTER RESILIENCEMEGACITY DISASTER RESILIENCEMEGACITY DISASTER RESILIENCE
WHAT’S NEEDED: A COMMON AGENDAWHAT’S NEEDED: A COMMON AGENDA(CA) OF TECHNICAL (CA) OF TECHNICAL
AND POLITICAL SOLUTIONSAND POLITICAL SOLUTIONS
WHAT’S NEEDED: A COMMON AGENDAWHAT’S NEEDED: A COMMON AGENDA(CA) OF TECHNICAL (CA) OF TECHNICAL
AND POLITICAL SOLUTIONSAND POLITICAL SOLUTIONS
TECHNICAL TECHNICAL SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONSTECHNICAL TECHNICAL SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS
POLITICAL POLITICAL SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONSPOLITICAL POLITICAL
SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS
CACA
THE EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR THE EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR GREATER DISASTER RESILIENCE GREATER DISASTER RESILIENCE THE EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR THE EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR
GREATER DISASTER RESILIENCE GREATER DISASTER RESILIENCE
FACT: BUILD ON EACH MEGACITY’S FACT: BUILD ON EACH MEGACITY’S UNIQUE STAPLE FACTORSUNIQUE STAPLE FACTORS
FACT: BUILD ON EACH MEGACITY’S FACT: BUILD ON EACH MEGACITY’S UNIQUE STAPLE FACTORSUNIQUE STAPLE FACTORS
TECHNICAL TECHNICAL SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONSTECHNICAL TECHNICAL SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS
POLITICAL POLITICAL SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONSPOLITICAL POLITICAL
SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS
STAPLE STAPLE FACTORSFACTORSSTAPLE STAPLE
FACTORSFACTORS
PPPP
TTTTSSSS
OOOO
CACA
A COMMUNITY’S STAPLE FACTORS ARE UNIQUE
• SOCIAL
• TECHNICAL
• ADMINISTRATIVE
• POLITICAL
• LEGAL
• ECONOMIC
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