ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS (ABG)

PRESENTED BY: Mr.Sanil Varghese

DEFINITION

An arterial blood gas analysis is a blood test taken from an artery, that measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide that is found in the blood.

PURPOSETo evaluate 1. Respiratory status2. Metabolic status3. Acid base balance

SITES OF EXTRACTION:RADIAL ARTERYBRACHIAL ARTERYFEMORAL ARTERY

PROCEDURE

ALLEN’S TEST

PROCEDURE

COMPLICATIONS:EXCESS BLEEDINGBRUISING AT THE PUNCTURE SITE

CIRCULATION IMPAIREMENT

COMPONENTS: pH:

Measurement of alkalinity based on the presence of H+ ion.

SaO2: Measurement of arterial oxygen saturation.

Contd:• HCO3

-:The calculated value of the amount of bicarbonate in the blood stream• B.E : The base excess indicates the amount of excess insufficient level of bicarb system.

NORMAL VALUES:pH 7.35 - 7.45

PaCO2 35 - 45 mmHg

PaO2 80 - 100 mmHg

HCO3- 22 - 26mEq /L

SaO2 More than 95%

B.E -2 to +2

STEPS TO AN ABG INTERPRETATION:

ASSESS THE pH ASSESS THE PaCO2 ASSESS THE HCO3-

INTERPRETATION

R =O M=E

SOURCES OF ERROR:1.Air bubbles in the syringe.2. Inadvertent venous sample.3.Anticoagulant effect.4.Dilution of sample.5.Effects of metabolism of WBC’s

in sample.

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