Tourism System

TOURISM ?

Process of moving from one place to another.

SYSTEM ?

• Is a set of interrelated groups and organized to accomplish a set of goals.

TOURISM SYSTEM

Description of a three-part system of tourist-generating region, transit region and tourism destination region set within social, economic and environmental contexts.

THREE BASIC ELEMENTS OF LEIPER’S MODEL:•Tourist

•Geographical elements•The Tourism Industry

TOURIST

•Actor of the system.

•Tourism is a very human experience,enjoyed, anticipated and remembered as important time of their lives.• The very heart of tourism phenomenon

including their experiences.

Tourism Phenomenon:Components of Tourism

and Tourism Management

• Natural resources and environment constitutes the fundamental measure of supply — the

natural resources that any area has available for the use and enjoyment of visitors

• Built environment This component has been developed within or upon the

natural environment.• Operating sectors represent what many of the general public perceive as  “

tourism. ”• Spirit of hospitality and cultural resources Pervading all of the foregoing physical elements of the built

infrastructure and superstructures is the social foundation of the destination.

Four broad categories of tourism supply components

3 GEOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS

1. Traveler-Generating Region(TGR)

2. Transit Route Region(TR)

3. Tourist Destination Region (TDR)

Transit Route Region (TR)-define as “intermediate zone.”- not simply represent short period of travel to reach travel destination but also includes intermediate places which maybe be visited en route.

Traveler-Generating Region(TGR)-places where trips begin.-represents the generating market for tourism or “push” to stimulate travel and motivate travel.

Tourist Destination Region (TDR)-represents the ‘Sharp end’ of tourism.

GEOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS

A basic tourism system

TOURISM INDUSTRY• defined as a group or cluster of small firms in

which deals in providing attractive and affordable holiday to its customers, either within a state country or at international level.

Examples:Travel agents and tour operators are most

found in the travel-generating region.Other examples of it is cos and king, Thomas

Cooks, and SOTC, Incredible India

Political Factors

Economics Factors

Technological Factors

Environmental Factors

Legal Factors

External Factors affects Tourism Industry:

Political Factors:-It includes political harmony and good execution of law and order within the state or country -Tax benefits and discounts provided to the various tourism industry. Economic Factors:-The percentage of the share which the government is ready to spend on tourism and recreation.-The per capita income of individuals thier standard of living education, disposable income.

Technological Factors:-It lay emphasis on the use of complex and

sophisticated technology in order to promote market tourism industry.

Environmental Factors:-Maintaining the rich biodiversity of the tourist spots

and hubs.-Pressure on ecosystem prevailing in those

geographical locations.

Legal Factors:-It inculdes those factors which have to be followed

strictly by law (both customer and the tourism department).

Geographical elements in a tourism system with two destinations

ADVANTAGES OF LEIPER’S MODEL

Major Advantages of Leiper’s Model

• General Applicability• Simplicity

• It has the ability to incorporate interdisciplinary approaches to tourism

• It is possible to use a model at any scale or level of generalization – from a local resort to the international industry

Other advantages on this approach:

• The model is infinitely flexible and allows the incorporation of different forms of tourism, while at the same time demonstrating their common elements

• Finally, the model demonstrates the highly important principle of tourism studies that all the elements of tourism are related and interact

MINICASE STUDY (CHARACTERISTICS OF ELEMENTS OF THE ECO-TOUIRSM SYSTEM)

Generating RegionDemand for eco-tourism:-is purposeful-is poorly documented-desires first hand experience/contact with nature/culture-is tempered by the need to consume tourism responsibly and offset carbon emissions.-can be segmented in may ways including by level of commitment, level of pysical effort,, motivesAnd -comes from those who are more likely to be well educated, have a higher income and be slightly older than the average tourist.

Destination RegionDestinations for eco-tourism:-Are relatively natural areas which are undisturbed and/ or uncotaminated;--have attractions of scenery flora, fauna and/ or indigenous culture ;-Allow eco-tourism to deliver economic and conservation benefits to the local people;--develop eco-tourism with a view to conserving/ enhnacing/ maintaining the natural/cultural system;-Apply integrated planning and management techniques;-Apply environmental impact and auditing procedures to all elements of the tourism destination (suc as accomodation, facilities);-Attempt to be carbon neutral; and-Encourage local ownership of facilities

• Transit Zone• Transport for eco-tourism:• -should be of low impact to the environment in terms of noise,

carbon emissions, congestions, fuel consumption and waste;• -should monitor emission and environmental impacts;• -Should promote the conservation ethic;• -Should be used as a management tool;• -Should encourage use of public transport• -Should encourage the use of locally owned transport companies,

but;• -reaching a long-haul eco-tourism destination may consume large

amounts of aircraft fuel and be more damaging to the environment than the tourist realizes , and thus defeat the purpose of the trip itself.

REFERENCES:•Photoscape •http://teoros.revues.org/docannexe/image/1621/img-5-small580.jpg•Principles of tourism I : Student Learning guide•The contribution of Niel Leiper to Tourism Studies(www.academia.edu)• http://www.abc.net.au/ola/contrib.htm•http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-illustration-21940763-cartoon-tourist.php•http://unesco-nigeriatve.org/teaching%20materials/ltm/leisure%20&%20tourism%20management/semester1/LTM111%20Leisure%20&%20Tourism%20Principles/week8.html

Thank you for Listening!• Presented By:

Group 3• Leader: El Niño Marasigan• Asst. Leader: Rejoy Macorol• Members:

Eugene Ladio Patricia Anne LopezLorenzo Lorzano Mary Joy MallariLara Manibo Christian Von Mara

Jed Leslie Jessa Oria