Spanish EmpireBy: Cara Treneer

History 140

History of Spain

• Spanning from prehistoric Iberia-> rise & decline of global empire->recent history as a member of the European Union.

• With the fall of Granada in 1492 the period called the Reconquista ended.– Where the Christian kingdoms slowly

took back the Iberian peninsula from the Muslims.

• 1492=Kingdom of Spain is created– Christopher Columbus’s voyage

marked the beginning of development for Spain's Empire.

• Inquisition is established– Jews & Muslims who refused to

convert were made to leave the country.

History of Spain Continued

• For centuries Spain was the most important colonial power in the world.– Spain established colonies in the

Americas which brought them riches• Spanish European wars =economic

damage to Spain• 18th century saw new hope with the

Bourbons in efforts to renew state institutions=success with some involvement in the American War of Independence.

• French and Napoleonic War= turmoil to all of Europe in the early 19th century

=French occupation of much of the continent including Spain.

• After American colony independence many parties in Spain fought for lasting stability.

Habsburg Spain

• Spain’s European wars= economic damage. – Later part of 17th century saw a

gradual decline of power under an increasingly neglecful & clumsy Habsburg regime.

• House of Habsburg also known as the House of Austria.

• 1438-1740– Best known for being an origin of

all the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors.

• Originally from Switzerland.

Habsburg Spain Continued• Marriages between royal empires

– Burgundy– Spain– Bohemia– Hungary

• 16th century the family separated– Senior=Habsburg Spain– Junior=Habsburg Monarchy

• Settling their claims in the Onate Treaty

• Became extinct in the male line in the 18th century– Spanish branch ended up on the

death of King Charles II replaced by Anjou branch =House of Bourbon.

The Spanish Empire

• Originated during the age of exploration•One of the first global empires•Spain emerged as a personally unified monarchy with marriage of Queen of Castile and King of Argon.•16ht Century Spain settled in the Caribbean, took over large amount of the North and South Americas overrunning the Aztec and the Incas.•1519Ferdinand Magellan started Spain's expedition of world circumnavigation with the completion made by Sebastian Elcano in 1522.

›Locating the Spice Islands and the westward route to Asia.

The Spanish Empire

•1565 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi found Guam & the Philippine Islands

=overseas empires in Americas & Oceania on top of their Spanish Monarchy controlling several European territories.

•17th century Spain controlled a history breaking empire of global proportions. •1713-Spains European possessions given up at the end of the war of the Spanish Succession.