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GUIDE TO ENERGY AND
PUBLICLY-ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT IN
RURAL AREAS MOTIVATION
The ‘Atlantic Arc Regions’ of Europe all share similar experiences of
geographical difficulties
remote populations
large distances between centres of population
problems keeping up with advances in technology
inter-modality issues
The REPUTE Guide explores
how the regions could learn from each other
keep up with the pace of development within larger, more populated,
regions
provides examples of innovative large-and small-scale transport
schemes from different regions
introduces the REPUTE pilot projects.
MODAL SPLIT CARS BUSES &
COACHES
RAILWAYS
POWERED
2-WHEELERS
TRAM &
METRO
80.5 9 7 2 1.5
Passenger transport in EU-27 in 2010
Passenger transport in EU27 in 2010 (%)
GUIDE TO ENERGY AND
PUBLICLY-ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT
IN RURAL AREAS
PROBLEM
The transport sector is the fastest growing source of GHG emissions.
People in rural areas typically travel 50% further than those in urban
areas-most by bus or car.
SOLUTION
Locally generated energy
Initiatives to connect people to rural public transport hubs through community-
run schemes
Shared ownership of transport resources and bespoke on-demand services.
This is known as Total Transport.
Transfer of best practice from cities
DRIVERS FOR CHANGE
These include community engagement, fund-raising at a local level, local
energy initiatives and policies
The introduction of cost-effective, energy-saving, technologies.
Joining Technology
Publicly-
accessible
transport*
Renewable
energy
Financial
viability
*Publicly-accessible transport solutions include buses, taxis, cars in car-share
schemes, bicycles and pedelecs in bike-share schemes, trams and trains
Community
engagement
GUIDE TO ENERGY AND
PUBLICLY-ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT
IN RURAL AREAS
SUGGESTIONS AND DIRECTIONS
• Modal shift
• Socio-technical transitions
• Alternative and renewable energy
• Accessible and intelligent transport of
people and goods
• Financial considerations
CASE STUDIES OF GOOD PRACTICE
• Within the partners’ regions
• Outside the partners’ regions
• REPUTE pilot projects
CONCLUSIONS
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
• Policy context • Renewable energy in transport • Intelligent transport systems • Behaviour change and modal shift
CURRENT SITUATION IN THE PARTNERS’
ATLANTIC AREA REGIONS
• Regional descriptions • Energy and transport • Regional economics • Social mobility in the Atlantic Arc area
REGIONAL MOBILITY CHALLENGES AND
INITIATIVES
• Rural issues, community and finance • Transport context • Rural transport schemes and projects • Car clubs • Energy context
ENERGY PERSPECTIVE
Vehicle type Pedelec Twike Renault
Twizy
Mitsbishi
iMiEV
Nissan
Leaf
Tesla S
Energy used
kWh/100km
(claimed)
0.5
5
6
11
12
20
(realistic data) 0.5 8 20 25 35
CURRENT SITUATION IN THE
PARTNERS’ REGIONS
Partner and Stakeholder Questionnaire April 2014
Energy sources
Urban density
Transport
availability
Vehicle
ownership
Cycle ways
Air quality
Economics
EXAMPLE DATA ON AIR QUALITY
Average daily concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide (micro g/m3)
Average daily concentrations of PM10 (micro g/m3)
REGIONAL MOBILITY CHALLENGES
AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Issues People living in rural areas travel ~50% further than their city
counterparts and a large proportion of their total mileage is made by car
or bus
Lack of access to public transport hubs
Lack of integration of different modes of transport
Lack of coherent local policy
Lack of real-time information
Total Transport solutions integrate transport services provided by
different agencies and operators, eg combining a local bus service
with hospital transport
SUGGESTIONS AND DIRECTIONS
Energy Biofuels
Wind
Solar
Tidal
Hydro
Mobility Interesting e-mobility and e-
transport schemes
Journey planning
Integrated ticketing
Energy saving devices
Freight transport by bus
Oxford buses fitted with Formula 1-
style kinetic energy recover systems –
KERS provide ~20% fuel saving at
25% of the cost of a hybrid bus
TALYBONT ZERO ENERGY CARBON CAR
SHARE SCHEME (2011-)
Talybont is a small rural village in South Wales
Talybont on Usk Energy Ltd runs two vehicles:
• An electric van powered by the group’s solar panels
• A car powered by bio-diesel
The vehicles are funded by the Talybont Energy and Sustainable Development Fund.
Talybont Energy earns ~30,000 Euro/year from its community hydro-electric scheme
The project has twin environmental aims of replacing fossil fuel miles with zero carbon miles and encouraging less cars on the road through car sharing.
ECO TRAVEL NETWORK EV RENTAL,
BRECON BEACONS NATIONAL PARK,
SOUTH WALES (2012-)
The Eco Travel Network runs an EV rental and charging network for tourists to the Brecon Beacons national park.
7 Renault Twizys with 40 charging points installed throughout the national park at cafes, hotels and shops.
The Eco Travel Network is run as a not-for-profit organisation. They obtained a 30,000 Euro Start up Grant from the Brecon Beacons National Park Sustainable Development Fund. This was used to cover set up costs and subsidise the first set of vehicles. All costs in future will be covered by members.
CASE STUDY -BIOFUEL
Biofuels derived from waste represent a promising alternative to fossil
fuels
Liquid biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel) already meet around 3% of global
transport demand
Gaseous biofuels (biomethane or biogas) – second generation biofuels -
meet a much smaller demand currently, but they can also be used in road
transport applications
GENeco Bio-Bus, Bristol-Bath, UK
Bath-Bristol Airport commuter route
Biomethane, produced at the
Bristol Sewage Works at
Avonmouth, converts food waste
and human waste into biomethane
by the anaerobic digestion route
The 40-seater bus has a range of
300 km on a full tank which is
equivalent to the waste per year
from five people. These buses
produce approximately 30% less
greenhouse gases than their diesel
equivalents and improve the air
quality in city centres
Lille has over 10 years’ experience
of using biofuels in buses. There
are ~130 biogas buses currently.
Cycle hire,
Torres Vedras
Wirelessly-charged
E-bus, Milton Keynes
Community
hydro
energy
scheme,
Oxfordshire
Dedicated cycle route, Copenhagen Solar canopies for EVs, Poitou-Charentes
REPUTE PILOT PROJECTS
Portugal Renewable energy for publicly-
available cars (EV charging stations
powered by solar panels)
Scotland Renewable energy for public transport
signs
Scotland Saving energy using Personal Travel
Planning
SUMMARY
Future transport will use more energy derived from natural resources –
solar, wind, tidal, hydro, biomass, etc.
Renewable energy sources can be owned, operated and controlled in rural
areas through community actions and local partnerships. The energy
generated can be used directly or indirectly in local transport
Rural public transport hubs need to be built and connected by express
services to major destinations
Total transport solutions are required for rural communities where
pooling of resources and voluntary actions can provide a service
Financing mechanisms, such as crowd-funding and local share
schemes, can integrate community energy schemes with transport
solutions, providing a strong sense of local involvement
Joining Technology
Publicly-
accessible
transport*
Renewable
energy
Financial
viability
*Publicly-accessible transport solutions include buses, taxis, cars in car-share
schemes, bicycles and pedelecs in bike-share schemes, trams and trains
Community
engagement
AVAILABILITY OF GUIDE
English, French,
Spanish, Portuguese
Download from
www.reputeproject.eu