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World History Ch.6 Sec.1
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New Imperialism
Why did they do it?Europeans wanted direct control over vast territories
What countries controlled what parts of Southeast Asia?
Who owned it What they owned When and how they got it
Spain (until 1898)
United States (after 1898)
France
Great Britain
Who controlled what?
Great Britain
Singapore: founded by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles and was a stopping point on the way to China
Burma: wanted to use Burma to protect its possessions in India and gain a land route to China
France
Vietnam: French forced them to accept French protection in order to keep British from monopolizing trade Eventually controlled Saigon and Mekong River Delta
and then slowly gained control over the rest of the country
Indochina: Later gained control over Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin, and Loas which they combined into a new Union of French Indochina
The United States
Inherited the Philippines from Spain after winning the Spanish-American War in 1898
President McKinely made it a colony because he wanted to “civilize” other countries.
The Philippines also gave them a jumping off point for trade with china
Indirect Rule
Local rulers maintained their authority by cooperating with their foreign rulers. It made government cheaper because less officials
had to be trained Allowed local culture to continue; did not interfere
with the customs of the people
Direct Rule
When local elites are replaced with officials from the colonial power Used only when colonial rule was strongly opposed
Colonial Economies
Led to a plantation agriculture because colonial powers wanted to export more goods Native people worked for low wages in bad conditions
so that foreign investors could make more moneyColonial rule did lead to the beginning of a
modern economic systemColonial governments built railroads,
highways and other structures
Thailand
The only remaining free state from Southeast Asia
Rulers promoted western learning and maintained friendly relations with major European powers
Resistance to colonial rule
Eventually the generation raised with western style education in the new urban-middle class created by colonization began to revolt Europeans created their own worst nightmare